汰渍营销策略研究

汰渍是在中国最为成功的外资品牌之一，在系统地分析了汰渍的品牌策略、价格策略、渠道策略和促销策略后，应认识到汰渍品牌策略包含消费者至上的品牌经营理念、全球品牌策略和大品牌策略；价格策略包含竞争性定价策略的意义和注意事项；分销渠道策略包含分销商定位、全程助销和大型连锁卖场策略；促销策略包含广告诉求策略，销售促进策略和宣传策略。对汰渍营销策略的研究，有利于汰渍市场营销的完善和进一步提高。     

政府补贴下考虑公平关切的双渠道绿色供应链定价决策

政府采用不同补贴策略引导传统单一销售渠道的供应链向绿色供应链转型升级,补贴策略与因此而产生的供应链成员公平关切行为共同作用于双渠道绿色供应链决策和利润。基于研发补贴和价格补贴两种不同策略,考虑公平关切因素,构建“制造商线上销售—零售商线下销售”的二级双渠道绿色供应链博弈模型,探究不同补贴水平和公平关切程度对产品绿色度、最优定价以及利润的影响。结果表明：两种补贴策略均对供应链利润产生积极的影响,同一补贴水平下价格补贴策略的效果更好,但随着补贴水平的提高,两个渠道的绿色产品销售价格均会提高,这与政府实施补贴的目的是相悖的,因此,需要将补贴水平控制在合理的范围;研发补贴策略下零售商的公平关切会提高零售商的利润、降低制造商的利润,但价格补贴策略下制造商的公平关切对双方利润均不利。     

竞争导向与企业定价

近年来,面对激烈的市场竞争,为争夺市场份额,国内各企业围绕产品价格展开了激烈的厮杀。价格大战是猛剂,却未必是良方。面对激烈的竞争,如何保证企业定价策略的合理、有效 ?本文将从竞争导向定价的角度,探讨激烈市场竞争下企业价格策略取向的问题。 　　一、定价策略的竞争导向 　　成本、顾客、竞争是企业定价考虑的三个基本要素,也由此产生了企业价格策略的三种导向,即成本导向、顾客导向和竞争导向。成本导向定价是指企业以产品成本为基础,加上一个合理的利润额作为产品价格的定价思想。这种定价导向的缺陷是产品价格难以适应激…     

销售替代品企业的定价决策分析

本文在考虑了顾客对产品的需求受产品自身价格和替代品价格影响的情况下,针对替代品的销售建立了定价决策模型,得到了销售替代品企业的最优定价策略,并通过算例分析了参数变化对最优策略的影响。     

科学确定水资源价格是完善水资源市场的基石

本文从经济学角度论述了科学合理的水资源价格能够促进水资源的使用效率、公平和可持续发展 ,并论述了水资源定价所应满足的基本要素 ,从系统的观点论述了水资源的定价策略 :即水资源供应部门的定价、对污水处理的定价和对开采地下水的定价以及水资源产权交易的定价策略。     

基于持续成本优势的定价策略

面对顾客追求优质低价的心理,厂商不得不努力持续地降低成本,并以此制定竞争性价格策略.本文分析了三种常见的能持续降低单位成本的方式--范围经济、规模经济和经验曲线在定价策略中的应用与其局限性,最后对未来竞争性定价策略的创新做了展望.     

高科技产业新产品定价策略研究——基于系统动力学

新产品的开发对于高科技产业来说日趋重要，需要不断的努力和巨大的市场意识，系统的价格监测对于分割市场和合理配置资源具有很重要的意义，企业应该认真考虑以确定最优定价策略。本文在不同竞争环境下建立了不同定价策略对企业综合影响的系统动力学模型，在对模型模拟分析的基础上，研究了不同定价策略对企业的影响。结果表明，高科技产业新产品采用撇脂定价策略相对于渗透定价策略具有更大的优越性，并根据企业实际的定价能力，适当地延长撇脂时间和增大撇脂价格可以带来更大的经济效益。     

多国企业集团转移定价研究

本文分析了多国企业集团在垄断中间产品市场,同时最终产品市场上存在Cournot竞争对手状态下的最优转移定价策略。利用动态博弈的均衡求解方法,研究了差别定价和统一定价两种方式的最优内部转移价格。研究结果表明,最优的内部转移价格根据两国税率与进口关税之间关系的不同而有所差异,但是任何条件下企业集团采用差别定价法总是优于统一定价法。     

我国中小型超市价格策略探讨

我国中小型超市在价格策略方面存在对定价工作不够重视、定价目标不明确、定价方法不科学等问题,应从思想上予以重视,明确定价目标,采用科学的定价方法和定价策略,以提高超市的竞争能力.     

基于需求价格弹性的企业定价策略分析

定价策略是企业营销策略组合的重要构成，企业定价直接关系到企业的利润，关系到企业的生存和发展。不同的需求价格弹性影响了价格与企业销售额和利润的关系，这为企业现实中约定价策略和价格调整技巧的运用提供依据和参考。     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

生物群落结构原型的仿生学模拟

模拟生命系统管理规律的科学即管理仿生学,是知识时代仿生学研究的新领域与前沿.基于模拟生物群落结构规律的研究目的,采用仿生学模拟的研究方法,以生物群落结构为原型,建立了仿生群落结构模型.结论为:垂直结构、水平结构、时间结构与交错区结构是支持生物群落生命活动的结构规律,以该规律为原型,推理建立了仿生分层结构、仿生优化结构、仿生动态结构与仿生相邻结构,四种仿生结构分别侧重于管理资源的分层管理、局部优化管理、动态过程管理、相邻关系管理,该模型为建立类似生物群落的人造管理系统即仿生群落管理系统提供了仿生结构模型.可以预测,该模型具有广泛的应用价值,能够推动管理仿生学的发展.