Database Marketing for Competitive Advantage in the Airline Industry

This paper examines the development and role of database marketing in the travel industry in general and in the airlines in particular. The airline industry has effectively merged its information with that from other travel services to better serve consumers and to increase marketing efficiency. Computer reservation systems, frequent programs, and yield management are integrated through database marketing to gain competitive advantage in the marketplace.     

Towards Using Knowledge Discovery Techniques in Database Marketing for the Tourism Industry

SUMMARY

Given the trend that international corporations are utilizing various information systems for their daily activities, information on sales transactions together with corresponding customer profile is usually available in airlines and international hotel chains. This allows segments of customers to be drawn according to selected relevant demographic variables. This is referred to as Database Marketing, a new trend in marketing that makes use of information available in a company's database. The extracted information is also useful in planning marketing strategies, launching new products/services and defining market segmentation.

As databases in large corporations nowadays are getting large, sparser, more free-formatted and more dynamic, traditional statistical techniques may not be capable of extracting the encapsulated knowledge inside the databases. A new technical stream, data mining has been developed in Computer Science to deal with the complex task of extracting and managing any potential knowledge embedded inside databases. This paper introduces the common techniques in data mining, including decision tree classifiers, regression analysis, induction programming logic, and probabilistic rules. Suggestions are offered about how these techniques can be used in order to improve the engineering behind Database Marketing, which can help to promote niche markets in tourism. By utilizing its know-how in Database Marketing, a company can sharpen its competitiveness and build entry barriers for others.     

我国旅游研究者学术影响力及学科发展研究——基于CNKI旅游学术论文的统计分析

H指数作为评价研究者学术影响力的参考依据得到了学界的广泛认可.文章在H指数的基础上,引入时间因素,构建Ht指数,对CNKI数据库中1994—2014年旅游研究领域129位学者的引文数据进行统计分析,测度了我国旅游研究者的学术影响力,在此基础上探讨了我国旅游学科发展的趋势.研究结果表明,在考虑时间因素的情况下,我国旅游研究者Ht指数普遍低于H指数;20世纪60年代出生的旅游研究者是当前我国旅游学术研究领域中的中坚力量,拥有较为显著的学术影响力;职称、高校层次等对我国旅游研究者Ht指数有着显著的影响.Ht指数与H指数的对比可以反映出旅游学术研究特定领域变化,其中,旅游规划与设计、旅游地理学和旅游管理学等一直是旅游领域的研究热点,而旅游经济学等也日益受到研究者的关注.     

从国际化转向看中国旅游学术知识生产规律与特征——基于Web of Science核心数据库的统计分析

该研究构建学术知识生产-溢出价值链模型,基于双溢出渠道研究视角,分析2000—2019年中国旅游研究国际化转向中的学术知识生产规律。研究发现:(1)学术知识生产-溢出价值链中两类知识生产特征存在差异,学术期刊为主流渠道,选题重视理论,属于洪堡知识生产模式,研究主体重视合作,成果溢出效应较高;学术会议为大众渠道,选题偏向实践应用,符合后洪堡知识生产模式的特征,研究者倾向独立研究,成果数量丰富,但国际化水平有待提高,认可度较低。(2)两种类型知识生产演变规律相似,可分为3个阶段:早期(2000—2006年),数量较少,基础研究较多,但相关议题延续性强;中期(2007—2013年),数量逐渐增多,热点议题较为丰富,关联网络复杂,议题纵向延伸;近期(2014—2019年),数量增速放缓,质量层次提高,新兴议题增多,研究更具时代性、探索性。通过对比分析学术知识生产-溢出价值链中会议及期刊知识生产规律的异同,有利于国内旅游学者清晰认知国际旅游研究中的中国特色,呼吁促进产学研三重螺旋合作,完善知识溢出及反馈渠道监管。研究建议中国学者扩大旅游学术知识生产视野,承担更多国际学术责任,提升知识生产质量和国际学术影响力,学术界积极推进会议评级标准及数据库建设,优化知识创新网络结构。     

女性旅游者研究综述

作为旅游市场的重要组成部分,女性市场已经成为业界普遍关注的重点,但理论研究相对滞后和缺乏.文章搜集了国内外关于女性旅游者的所有可检索到的文献,按照从一般到特殊的研究方法将以往研究成果归纳为一般女性旅游者研究、特殊女性旅游者研究两类,而后者又分为特定区域女性旅游者、特殊群体女性旅游者、特定时期女性旅游者三个研究方向.文章在对文献的总结和梳理的基础上,指出国内外对女性旅游者的研究角度各有偏颇和利弊,国内的研究在总体上落后于国外.     

国内外旅游化研究综述

随着西方大众享乐消费时代的到来,旅游化现象开始逐渐得到学术界的关注.文章从研究关注的起点和主要内容等方面分别梳理了国内外学术界关于旅游化的研究脉络,发现国内外学术界关于旅游化的研究路径颇不相同:国外学术界关于旅游化的研究包括文化资源的旅游化、全社会的旅游化和作为一种“秩序化效应”的旅游化;而国内学术界的研究包括作为一种发展策略的旅游化、作为一种现象的旅游化,以及对旅游化水平的测度.最后指出,从总体上看,目前国内外学术界对旅游化的研究尚不成熟,但其未来发展前景值得期待.     

基于GPS数据的旅游者活动节奏研究

旅游者的移动很早就引起了研究者的关注,但是基于二手统计数据的宏观和中观尺度的旅游流研究较多。而关注旅游者微观个体时空行为的研究相对较少。文章以生物节律和时间地理学为基础理论和研究方法,以2010年12月在北京颐和园完成的GPS调查数据和日志调查数据为基础,研究旅游者在景区空间尺度内的活动过程、节奏和规律。GPS追踪数据真实准确地记录了旅游者活动过程,为研究者更好地理解和分析旅游者活动节奏和规律提供了数据基础。基于GPS数据的旅游者活动节律研究结果能够为旅游者行为质量评价、旅游者行为修正与优化和旅游景区动态管理等提供理论指导。     

Consumer Opinion on Smoking Bans and Predicted Impact on Restaurant Frequency

ABSTRACT

This study assessed the opinion of Kentucky consumers regarding smoking policies in restaurants. It examined differences in opinion between smokers, nonsmokers, and former smokers, and predicted restaurant behavior if a smoking ban was enacted. Data was collected through a telephone survey in winter 2003, yielding 825 interviews. There were no significant differences in frequency of eating out between the three smoking status groups. Significantly, different reactions to smoking bans were found with regard to certain demographics: smoking status, place of residence, and education. Smokers believed smoking in restaurants is less of a problem than nonsmokers and former smokers, whereas nonsmokers and former smokers were more likely to choose a restaurant based on it being smoke-free and to believe smoking makes dining out less enjoyable. Nonsmokers and former smokers are significantly more likely than smokers to predict that they will dine out more or about the same if a smoking ban is implemented, whereas smokers are significantly more likely to eat out less. Implications for the hospitality industry are discussed.     

基于差距模型的饭店服务质量研究

差距分析是一种服务质量的分析方法,本文在综合前人研究成果的基础上提出一个饭店服务质量综合差距模型,并以此模型为基础提出了11个研究假设。结合问卷调查所获数据．本文对该差距模型进行了实证研究。实证研究结果发现了饭店服务提供过程中存在的一些问题,并以此为基础提出了改善和提高饭店服务质量的几点建议。     

酒店员工知识共享对服务创新的影响研究

随着知识经济时代的到来,酒店为推动服务创新,越来越强调知识共享.本文以长沙市高星级酒店为例,研究知识共享对服务创新的影响,发现利他主义和利益追求动机对知识共享行为有正向影响,利他主义的影响较强,利益追求的影响较弱;知识共享行为对创新环境优化、员工创新意识、员工创新表现均有强烈正向影响,对员工创新意识的影响最强,对员工创新行为的影响次之,对创新环境优化的影响较弱.     

Effects of Picture Presentations on Customers' Behavioral Intentions on the Web

SUMMARY

As the Web is becoming a major communication channel to bridge hotels and customers, great marketing efforts have been made to attract new customers and repeat business. A wide variety of studies have been conducted to identify factors that could affect customers' purchase behavior on the Web. Little research, however, has been documented that assessed the effects different pictures presented on the Web had on customers' online purchase behavior. Based on the content analyses with 203 existing hotel Websites, this study examined the potential effects of Website format, Website contents, and Website realism on customers' behavioral intentions. Results indicate that the content and realism of picture presentations are important predictors of customers' attitudes toward the Website. The attitudes appear to be a strong predictor of behavioral intentions on the Web. Suggestions and implications are included for the lodging industry and future research.     

Youth on the road: Reflections on the history of tramping

Tourism is conventionally traced to the eighteenth century Grand Tour of aristocratic youth which, it is then suggested, was gradually democratized and adopted in modified form by the middle classes. In such a perspective, the road culture of contemporary youth travelers would simply represent one form of this democratized elite tradition. This paper argues instead that contemporary road culture is better seen as an upwardly rather than downwardly mobile cultural form. Tramping originated as a well-institutionalized travel pattern of working class youth. Despite its instrumental functions, it always had touristic components, serving as the young workingman's Grand Tour. When, in the course of the nineteenth century, it declined as a labor institution, it was romanticized and adopted by middle class youth for exclusively tourist purposes.     

Current trends on Halal tourism: Cases on selected Asian countries

Halal tourism is one of the new phenomenon emerged from the growth of Halal industry. As Halal matters advancing tourism industry, many Muslim and non-Muslim countries are set to capture the Muslim tourists market by providing the tourism products, facilities and infrastructures to cater their needs. While affirming this new phenomenon, there remain a shortage of theoretical publications and research in this area. On top of that, when it comes to the real concept of Halal tourism and its trends, it has nevertheless been found that lack of research has been conducted in providing and determining the so called concept. Thus, due to the scarcity of literature and specific studies in this area this paper aims to explore and illustrate the concept of Halal tourism within the Islamic context with special reference to Quranic verse and Hadith (primary sources in Islam). Meanwhile, to appreciate the existing implementation on this concept, this paper will further provide cases on current trend of Halal tourism in selected countries in Asia. This study adopted qualitative research method and employ library research for data collection technique. The outcomes of this study include the current development of Halal tourism concept and comparison on Halal tourism cases in Asia. On top of that, it would also discover its opportunities and potentials for Muslim and non-Muslim countries to embark on the same journey.     

基于DEA-MI模型的城市旅游效率演进模式研究

效率水平是衡量行业发展的重要因素。一些学者从空间维度对旅游效率进行了评价和研究,但较少从时间维度对其发展规律和动态变化进行探讨。因此,文章采用DEA-MI模型,以广东省21个地级市连续7年的面板数据为资料,通过比较和分析各市旅游效率的大小差异和动态变化,揭示城市旅游效率的发展规律及演进模式。研究发现:①广东省总体旅游效率较高,但各市之间存在较大差异,其差距有缩小的趋势;②根据旅游效率的"大小"和"变化"两个维度作出四分图,可将城市按效率状态分为I、II、III、IV 4种类型;③中短期内,按照各城市在四分图中对应点的运动轨迹,可将其效率演进模式分为稳定式、往复式、渐进式和突变式4种。该结论为旅游研究和管理实践提供了一个新的视角。     

Litter impacts on scenery and tourism on the Colombian north Caribbean coast

This paper provides the location, scenery and litter evaluation of 35 Colombian Caribbean beaches (9 remote, 9 village, 14 urban and 3 resort). Four litter grades were found. A: excellent (5); B: good (8); C: fair (19) and D: poor (3). A Decision Value parameter (D), for scenery gave: Class I – extremely attractive/natural, D > 0.85, 6 sites; Class II – attractive/natural sites, D = 0.85 –0.65, 2 sites; Class III – mainly natural sites, few outstanding features, D = 0.65–0.4, 1 site; Class IV – mainly unattractive sites, D = 0.4 to zero, 6 sites; Class V – very unattractive sites, D = <0, 20 sites. Litter amounts placed most beaches into a poor scenic category and many scenic beaches could jump a grade by means of clean-ups. A graphic methodology highlighted beaches with contradictory results for litter/scenic grades. Tourists abhor littered beaches and clean-ups would improve scenery scores.     

Local Perspectives on the Impact of Tourism on Religious Festivals in Bhutan

The Himalayan nation of Bhutan is known to embrace Gross National Happiness rather than Gross National Product as the measure of its people's well-being. Happiness, spirituality and cultural authenticity are prominent factors in Bhutan's tourism image, and these attributes are most clearly exhibited in the traditional festivals that are among the most popular attractions for many foreign tourists. This paper introduces the cultural practice of religious festivals in Bhutan and investigates how tourism may be affecting these festivals. Within this context, this paper reports on the findings of a survey of Bhutanese monks and lay people, regarding their impressions of the effects of tourists on one particular event – the Tsechu festival. With the Bhutanese government's aim to increase the number of annual tourists more than fourfold to 200,000 by 2018, this research provides a baseline study of the perceived impact of tourism on religious festivals and addresses the issue of whether such an increase in volume of tourists would pose a threat to the integrity and value of these festivals as perceived by Bhutanese people.