加强商业银行内控机制建设

加强内控机制建设是强化商业银行外部金融监管的基础，有效的内控制度是银行的重要组成部分，是银行安全性和良好运作的重要保证，也是我国银行与世界接轨的首要条件。因此，加强对商业银行内控机制的研究，尽快建立合理、有效的内控机制，具有现实意义。     

农行内控机制运行中存在的问题与建议

据巴塞尔银行监督委员会对近几年几家大银行倒闭的调查与分析，发现其倒闭的主要因素是内部控制系统出现问题。近年来，农业银行在向商业银行转轨的过程中，也存在控制风险的内控机制与农行的商业化改革不相适应等许多问题，目前，农行所面临的各种风险日益加大，不良资产...     

对商业银行内部控制的几点思考

近年来,国际金融领域风险不断显现与发生,严重威胁着金融业的安全和发展,对世界经济产生不良的影响。从具有数百年悠久历史的巴林银行倒闭,到1997年的东南亚金融风暴,都给我国商业银行敲响了警钟。目前,我国商业银行的经营风险也正在逐步由隐性转向显性,主要表现为贷款质量下降、呆账增加而引起的信用风险,从业人员欺诈与越权经营而产生的操作风险,决策管理层缺乏科学管理和经营而导致的管理风险等。这些风险的产生,无一不与商业银行内控机制的缺陷相关联。因此,加强对商业银行内控机制的研究,尽快建立合理有效的内控机制,具有显著的现实意义。     

股份制商业银行内控的几个关键问题

股份制商业银行内控机制，是股份制商业银行为实现经营目标，对各项经营活动进行组织、制约、考核、调节的总称。内部控制的主要目标是有效地控制和化解风险，确保各项业务持续稳健发展。有效的内控机制是确保股份制商业银行稳健经营的前提，是防范金融风险的第一道防线。其中几个关键问题直接影响到内部控制制度的成效。     

内控管理要防微杜渐

从当年国际知名的巴林银行一夜之间轰然倒闭,到目前国内一些商业银行一再出现的“硕鼠”案例,认真分析其原因,问题几乎都是出在一些不起眼的“细节”上。可见“做细”工作在商业银行内控管理中是何等重要。在目前员工素质参差不齐的背景下,要实现内控管理水平质的飞跃,就必须特别强调“做细”内控管理工作,真正做到严守规矩,防微杜渐。     

上市商业银行信息披露需注意的若干问题

商业银行上市有助于银行公司治理的健全，尤其是上市公司的信息披露机制大大强化了商业银行内控机制的建设，但是上市商业银行信息披露面临的诸多问题与风险也需要引起银行及其管理层的高度关注。     

全面加强内控管理 构建风险立体防线——从对基层行内控不到位原因分析谈商业银行风险防范的若干对策

内部控制是银行为实现经营目标，通过制定和实施一系列制度、程序和方法，对风险进行事前防范、事中控制、事后监督和纠正的动态过程和机制。综观近几十年国外商业银行发展和监管部门监管历程，因内部控制脆弱带来的经营行为低效率、短期化、高风险，造成大案要案形成银行倒闭的事件屡见不鲜。勿庸置疑，加强内部控制已成为当前商业银行发展的当务之急。笔者结合工作实践，试分析内控不到位现象存在的原因，并提出一些解决对策。     

试论工商银行内部控制机制建设的改革取向

随着金融体制改革的深入和入世后经济金融环境的变化，商业银行的经营风险日益暴露，由于我国商业银行的内部控制机制存在缺陷，导致违规操作和经济案件频繁发生。因此，健全和完善内部控制机制，日益成为实施科学规范化管理和目标的客观需要。本文根据巴塞尔银行监管委员会的《有效银行监管的核心原则》和《银行内部控制制度框架》，借鉴西方商业银行的内控机制建设经验，针对我国商业银行的内部控制机制建设的现状与存在的问题进行了分析和阐述，并结合工商银行的实际情况，从内控环境、风险识别与评估体系、内控措施和信息交流与监督评价等方面提出了内部控制机制建设的基本思路。     

健全和完善商业银行内控机制

随着市场经济的发展，商业银行的竞争将日趋激烈。建立和完善内控机制，加强内部管理，对银行经营来说就显得尤为重要。这是有效防范和化解金融风险的基础和前提，是商业银行实现稳定健康发展的根本保证。     

为商业银行内控评价增值服务功能的再认识

商业银行内部控制评价是商业银行微观治理的基础，它通过系统、规范的方法评价和改善银行的风险管理、控制活动和管理过程的有效性，增加银行的价值和改善银行的经营，帮助银行实现战略目标。在实现银行内控评价增值过程中，要提高风险意识，保持连续性整改的核心，使商业银行具备自我免疫机制。为此，商业银行应该不断探索评价方法与技术，加大内控整改问责力度，建立非现场稽核监测系统。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.