基于PVAR模型的保障房建设对商品房价格影响研究

通过建立商品房价格、经适房销售面积、地区人均GDP值、城镇居民可支配收入的PVAR模型,进行面板向量自回归的实证分析。结果表明,保障性住房建设对商品房价格影响是动态的,在区域保障性住房建成的短暂时间内,先对商品房价格具有抑制作用,但随后对商品房价格起到正面效应。     

MINERS' COTTAGES

The major visual reminder of Victoria's nineteenth-century gold rushes is the thousands of miners' cottages, which remain a significant part of the housing stock of former mining towns. This article traces the evolution of these modest structures that were adopted to solve the pressing problem of providing affordable and quickly constructed housing for gold miners once the alluvial rushes were over. Simple construction methods combined with cheap land on which to build allowed miners to construct and own their own homes to an extent not achieved elsewhere by manual workers in the developing world in the nineteenth century.     

The Impact of Social Housing Developments on Nearby Property Prices: a Nelson Mandela Bay Case Study

Social housing projects often face substantial “Not‐in‐my‐backyard” (NIMBY) sentiment and, as a result, are frequently plagued by local opposition from communities who argue that nearby property prices will be affected adversely by these developments. International hedonic pricing studies conducted have, however, produced mixed results with some concluding that social housing developments may in fact lead to an improvement in surrounding property values. There is, however, a paucity of South African evidence. This study considers the validity of the most pervasive NIMBY argument, the claim that social housing developments negatively affect nearby property values, by considering the property prices of 170 single‐family homes in the Walmer neighbourhood, Nelson Mandela Bay, as a function of their proximity to an existing low‐cost housing development. The results of this study indicate that in the case of one Nelson Mandela Bay low‐cost housing development, a negative impact is exerted on the property values of nearby houses.     

House prices in the Ottoman Empire: evidence from eighteenth‐century Edirne†

This study uses a new dataset of 2,246 notarial deeds of house sales from one of the major cities of the Ottoman Empire, Edirne, covering the period from 1720 to 1814. It estimates real hedonic house prices and urban wealth inequality for the housing market. It shows that house size, proximity to the commercial centre, access to fresh water, and family ties were important determinants of relative house prices. These findings also apply to the different quartiles of the market, indicating limited market segmentation. It demonstrates that there was an increase in housing wealth inequality during the eighteenth century as house prices became more dispersed. The hedonic house price index provides evidence that inflation‐adjusted house prices declined substantially following the Russo‐Turkish war of 1768–74. The decline is mainly explained through demographic shocks induced by plague epidemics, natural disasters, and other population movements driven by wars, army mobilization, and political upheavals.     

Housing price and household savings rates: evidence from China

This article investigates the effect of house prices on household savings rates in urban China employing the 2002 and 2007 data of the Chinese Households Income Project (CHIP). We find that the rapid appreciation of house prices cannot explain high Chinese households’ savings rates and the rising of Chinese savings rates. On the contrary, we find a negative relationship between house prices and household savings rates for home renters and homeowners. We do not find any evidence of ‘savings for housing purchase’ for young home renters when house prices increase. Their savings rates declined during housing market booms in recent 10?years. Savings rates of homeowners possessing multiple housing have decreased more because of ‘the pure housing wealth effects.’     

房地产价格波动对居民消费的影响研究——基于30个省市自治区的面板数据

理论上,房价的上涨会通过财富效应增加居民消费,但由于我国房地产市场发展尚不成熟,房价与消费之间的关系具有不确定性。本文根据总体房地产调控政策的取向考察房价波动对消费的影响,实证结果表明房价上涨对消费的拉动作用有限,甚至产生抑制效应。结合房价波动影响消费的传导机制,本文提出要增加中低档商品房和保障性住房的供给、发展住房增值贷款以及保持房地产调控政策的连贯性等政策建议。     

当前我国房地产价格的合理性研究

近年来,我国房地产价格大幅快速上涨,引起了公众和政府的高度关注。本文使用两个不同的指标分析了当前我国房地产市场的价格状况。从房价收入比来看,我国大部分居民的收入难以承受过高的房价,我国的房价存在很大的泡沫;从租金房价比来看,租金较低,房价严重偏高,目前房地产投资存在较高的风险,对房地产业以及整个国民经济和社会的稳定有着严重的影响。研究表明我国绝大多数城市的房屋定价不合理,严重偏高,房地产市场存在较大的泡沫和较高的风险。因此,政府还要继续对房地产业实行调控,加快实施保障性住房和廉租房建设,使房价逐步回归到合理水平,促进房地产业的持续、稳定、健康发展。     

Housing rent dynamics and rent regulation in St. Petersburg (1880–1917)

This article studies housing rents in St. Petersburg from 1880 to 1917, covering an eventful period of Russian and world history. Digitizing over 5000 rental advertisements, we construct a state-of-the-art index – the first pre-war and pre-Soviet market data index for any Russian city. In 1915, a rent control and tenant protection policy was introduced in response to soaring prices following the outbreak of WWI. We document official compliance, rising tenure duration, and strongly increased affordability for workers. While the immediate prelude to the October Revolution was indeed characterized by economic turmoil, rent affordability did not dominate.     

Housing inequality and housing poverty in urban China in the late 1990s

This paper discusses housing inequality and housing poverty in urban China in the late 1990s, using original household surveys. Focuses are on the distributive implications of the privatization of public-owned housing and the wave of rural–urban migration. Estimates of the imputed rent function for owned housing purchased at discount prices indicates that meritocracy and political credentialism work differently as determinants of housing inequality. The paper confirms that there has been a large disparity in housing conditions between urban and migrant households, and that a new type of housing poverty has been emerging among migrant households.     

Unequal school enrollment rights,rent yields gap,and increased inequality: The case of Shanghai

This paper first builds a simple theoretic model to explore how a special feature of enrollment policy of public primary schools in urban China, the unequal enrollment right between home owners and tenants, would produce rent-yields gap between different housings. The model also predicts that an enrollment policy featuring with tenant discrimination, accompanying with strict credit constraint, would reduce the chance of kids from middle-income families to attend better public schools while allow families with high initial wealth to access better high-quality public education at a lower cost. Using a hedonic pricing model, we find that, in Shanghai, rental yields of housings in neighborhoods associated with reputed public primary schools is on average 0.1–0.35 percentage-point lower than those associated with ordinary ones. We also explore how the rent-yields-gap varies across housing types, locations and changes over time. Nonetheless, our simulation computation suggests that the estimated opportunity cost of holding such schools in Shanghai is generally not a big amount and affordable for many families. Overall, the high entry costs of owing a housing is the major obstacle to access high-quality public primary education in urban China. These findings highlight how an education policy with features of inequality may contribute to education and residential segregation, and then reduce intergenerational mobility.     

Does inheritance taxation reform promote to build inexpensive rental housing?

The inheritance taxation reform of 2015 in Japan substantially increased the amount of tax levied on large inheritances. This potentially served as a good incentive for people to build inexpensive low-rise apartments for tax savings, which increased the number of low-cost apartments. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of inheritance taxation reform on housing rents. Using the difference-in-differences method, we reveal that the inheritance taxation reform decreased the housing rents of wooden or light steel-framed apartments by 1.3%. Moreover, our results indicate that while the rental of slightly older housings belonging to the treatment group decreased, the rental of new housing belonging to the treatment group did not change.     

基于需求角度房地产价格影响因素的实证分析

本文从需求角度分析影响房价的各因素,包括经济发展水平、城镇化水平、城镇居民收入水平和通货膨胀等,并选取一系列房地产价格的影响指标在2001-2010年的十年数据,建立31个省市房价的多种面板数据模型。对不同模型间进行选择和比较,得出最佳模型为个体固定效应模型,力图揭示各选取因素是否能够对房地产价格产生显著影响,从而确定需求层面上房价的影响因素,以及得出相应建议。     

住房贷款与房地产价格关系的实证研究——来自深圳的证据

本文围绕住房贷款与住房价格的关系展开研究,将住房贷款与住房价格视为内生变量,将购买住房成本、二手住房价格、住房供求缺口、收入住房价格比视为外生变量,采用深圳市2006年1月至2008年5月的月度数据估计了包括2个内生变量、4个外生变量的VECM模型。实证结果表明：深圳住房贷款与住房价格之间存在长期均衡关系,中央银行信贷数量调控效果要优于利率价格调控效果,银行业住房信贷政策整体上讲是稳健的,基于此并针对有关结论提出了政策建议。     

Rebuilding or refurbishing: Heterogeneity effects of urban renewal strategy

This study investigates the heterogeneous policy effects of urban renewal strategies in shantytown renewal in Beijing. Using the spatial difference-in-difference approach, this study identifies the renewal approaches for each shantytown to analyze how each strategy affects housing prices and population density within the policy target area and surrounding area. The empirical results suggest that current urban renewal actions in Beijing have not achieved the expected policy goals and imply significant heterogeneity between refurbishing and rebuilding shantytowns in improving building value. Rebuilding projects have positive renewal effects and externalities, driving housing prices to increase by 5.86%–7.25% within the shantytown and a 1-km radius. Furthermore, the dynamic analysis shows that these impacts are prolonged, with housing prices maintaining an upward trend for 2–6 years after rebuilding. However, there is no causality between refurbishing dilapidated areas and increasing building values.     

Did children's education matter? Family migration as a mechanism of human capital investment: evidence from nineteenth‐century Bohemia

This article analyses the rural–urban migration of families in the Bohemian region of Pilsen in 1900. Using a new 1,300‐family dataset from the 1900 population census, the role of children's education in rural–urban migration is examined. The findings indicate that families migrated to the city such that the educational attainment of their children would be maximized, and that there is a positive correlation between family migration and children being apprentices in urban areas. The results suggest that rural–urban migration was powered not only by the exploitation of rural–urban wage gaps but also by aspirations to engage in human capital investment.     

从我国房改历程解读北京市土地供应计划

文章从回顾我国住房制度改革历程入手,分析最新住房政策走向,从国家层面政策调控精神研读北京市近年来土地供应计划。文章认为,北京市近几年土地供应计划在保护耕地、合理利用建设用地指标、根据房价起伏情况通过"地根"投放机制影响房地产市场走势等方面起到积极作用,但是也存在土地计划供应与实际供应存在较大差距、土地供应计划理念应紧跟我国房改发展阶段、进一步加大保障性住房用地数量等问题。     

遏制高房价须釜底抽薪

土地批租、高额税费、银行贷款是我国住宅价格腾飞的三大动力。要使住宅价格恢复正常,必须采取釜底抽薪的对策。一是摒弃居者有其屋的小资产阶级幻想,选择以租为主的住宅消费模式,因为工资只包括房租,而不可能包括房价。二是房地产分体流通,租、价、税分流,用年租制代替批租制,用年税制代替批税制。三是政府做军、公、教人员的房东,有利于稳定我国的房价和房租。     

Recent changes in the housing status of blacks in los angeles

In the aftermath of reductions in federal housing assistance programs during the 1980s, many cities are experiencing severe shortages of affordable housing. It is particularly difficult for low income and minority households to find and maintain adequate, low-cost housing. This article describes how Los Angeles has responded to this need through implementation of a particular housing policy and financing strategy. It specifically examines what impacts this program has had in producing affordable housing in the city’s low-income, minority neighborhoods. Recommendations for further public action on housing needs in Los Angeles are also offered.     

Does local governments’ budget deficit push up housing prices in China?

Budget deficit has been a common fiscal pressure facing Chinese cities since the 1994 fiscal reform. Meanwhile, land lease sales have become a significant off-budgetary revenue to local governments since 2003. This paper investigates whether financing budget deficit is an important driving force of the recent soaring housing prices when local governments function as the monopoly supplier of urban land. A conceptual framework is developed to illustrate a transmission mechanism from budget deficit to housing prices. This leads to an empirical model consisting of two simultaneous structural equations for housing prices and land prices. Using data for the 35 major Chinese cities from 2003 to 2011, an empirical exercise shows that although budget deficit has a positive effect on land prices, it is the factors from demand side, such as amenities, income and the user cost of housing capital, that have been pulling up the housing prices.     

城市服务设施更新对房价异质性作用研究——以成都市为例

以2013—2021年成都市二手房价格数据和城市服务设施POI数据为例，探究1 km×1 km空间格网尺度下房价和城市服务设施的时空关系演化。研究表明：城市服务设施和居住空间分布一致，沿交通干线呈“米”字状放射特征，城市服务设施逐步丰富但速度小于房价增长；城市服务设施分布与房价相关性显著，却逐渐减弱，尤其营利性设施相关系数降幅更为明显，区域内部房价分异态势日益加深；地理探测器模型能够有效识别出不同变量对房价影响差异，人口密度、建筑年份、路网密度影响最强，初级教育设施与其他设施交互对房价解释力显著增强。