实际利率水平与中国经济增长北大核心

本文在现有文献基础上就利率与经济增长之间的关系进行理论分析 ;运用 1 978- 1 998年的数据 ,对实际利率水平、利率传导机制与中国经济增长进行经济计量检验 ;并针对当前的实际利率水平和宏观经济背景 ,提出相关的政策措施。     

实际利率与区域经济增长差异的实证分析

本文在现有文献基础上就利率与区域经济增长差异之间的关系进行理论分析;运用1986-2004年的数据,对实际利率水平与区域经济增长差异进行实证分析检验,并针对当前的实际利率水平和宏观经济背景,对区域经济发展提出相关的建议。     

利率变动对我国人身保险保费收入的影响——基于非线性STR模型的实证分析

本文基于STR模型，对1982—2010年我国存款利率变动与人身保险保费收入之间的关系进行了分析。结果表明，当存款利率水平处于较低水平时（6％以下），STR模型中的非线性特征不明显。人均GDP增长为人身保险保费收入增长提供了动力，存款余额增加对人身保险保费收入增加有抑制作用。当存款利率水平处于较高水平时（超过6％），STR模型的非线性特征趋向显著，人均GDP增加对人身保险保费收入增长的减弱，存款余额对人身保险保费收入产生的收入效应大于替代效应的同时，取代人均GDP成为了人身保险保费收入增长的主要动力。     

人民币汇率机制调整和利率市场化推进对经济增长的影响

利用1995--2013年季度数据对我国汇率、利率市场化和经济增长关系的实证分析表明,人民币实际汇率与经济增长互为格兰杰原因,实际利率是国内生产总值的格兰杰原因,人民币实际汇率是实际利率的格兰杰原因;汇率、利率与经济增长之间存在长期均衡关系,人民币实际有效汇率升值、实际利率提高及汇率与利率的交互作用对经济增长的影响是显著的。     

当前居民储蓄存款居高不下的原因及对策

为了扩大内需,拉动经济增长,1996-1999年三年间国家连续7次大幅度下调存款利率,以一年期定期储蓄存款利率为例,名义利率从1996年的年利率9.18%下降到目前的2.25%,下降了6.93个百分点.但是,从实际情况看,我国居民对利率变化的反应不大,1999年储蓄存款增长6214亿元,2000年增幅略有下降,但仍增长4711亿元.……     

发展中国家利率市场化及其借鉴

发展中国家利率市场化过程　　根据金融深化理论 ,发展中国家利率市场化的目标是促进储蓄 ,提高投资效益以及深化金融市场。正实际利率鼓励金融储蓄 ,储蓄规模的扩大保证更多的生产性投资得以融资。因此 ,正实际利率通过促进金融深化和改进投资效益来促进经济增长。在亚洲 ,印度尼西亚、菲律宾、斯里兰卡在 80年代初已完全放开对利率的管制。 1978年 10月 ,马来西亚解除了商业银行存款和非优惠贷款的利率管制 ,但利率水平被几家大银行所左右。 1981年 5月 ,尼泊尔货币当局宣布银行可以在规定的下限之上 (含下限 )自由确定自己的存款利率水平…     

存款利率市场化与中国宏观经济波动——基于TVAR模型的实证研究

本文运用门限向量自回归(TVAR)模型在宏观层面上对中国存款利率约束与宏观经济波动的非线性关联进行实证研究。研究发现:(1)中国在1996年1月至2013年11月期间的大部分时间都处于存款利率有约束状态,而存款利率约束在总体上减少了产出的波动;(2)存款利率有约束时,货币供应量等数量型冲击对产出影响幅度更小、持续时间更短,利率等价格型冲击对经济增长的作用周期更长,紧缩性的利率政策对经济的抑制效果更为明显;(3)存款利率无约束时,数量型冲击总体上持续性更强,价格型冲击则容易引起经济增长短期内大幅波动。     

利率市场化选择的理论逻辑与中国的实证

本文以金融深化理论为分析框架阐述了利率市场化选择的理论逻辑,在哈罗德-多马经济增长模型基础上,分解出实际贷款利率对经济增长率的投资效率和规模两种影响效应,并通过实证检验模型得出实际贷款利率变动对中国经济增长率的冲击效应不显著.提出实施存款利率管制下的贷款利率市场化策略既能保持经济稳定增长,又能通过激活市场机制来提高资金的配置效率,引领中国经济平稳地从传统发展模式向新发展模式转型.     

提升央行降息的政策效应

当前,我国经济发展进入“新常态”,经济增长和城镇就业处在合理区间,经济结构调整出现积极变化,但经济增长仍处于“三期叠加”的关键时期,企业经营压力加大,融资贵的问题仍然较为突出。在此背景下,人民银行决定自2014年11月22日起采取非对称方式下调存贷款利率,有针对性地引导市场利率和社会融资成本下行,促进实际利率逐步回归合理水平,缓解企业融资成本高的问题,保持实体经济平稳增长。同时将存款利率浮动区间的上限由1.1倍调整为1.2倍,推动我国利率市场化又向前迈出了重要的一步,推进了利率市场化改革的步伐。     

加息周期中人民币存款利率弹性及相关性分析——以湖北为例

利率调控的有效与合理,归根结底要以其对实体经济要素的影响和传导效应来评价。本文从分析2004年以来名义利率调整以及湖北省物价上涨等相关因素对实际利率影响出发,探讨了人民币存款实际利率弹性及相关性。现阶段,受物价波动影响,名义利率调整对存款的影响不及实际利率大,但对实际利率走低起到了缓冲作用。因此,应针对物价波动走势和通货膨胀预期,将实际利率调整纳入央行操作目标,提高利率传导的有效性。     

The dynamics of economic growth,oil prices,stock market depth,and other macroeconomic variables: Evidence from the G-20 countries

This paper examines the linkages between economic growth, oil prices, depth in the stock market, and three other key macroeconomic indicators: real effective exchange rate, inflation rate, and real rate of interest. We employ a panel vector autoregressive model to test Granger causality for the G-20 countries over the period 1961–2012. A novel approach to this study is that we clearly demarcate the long-run and short-run relations between the economic variables. The results show a robust long-run economic relationship between economic growth, oil prices, stock market depth, real effective exchange rate, inflation rate, and real rate of interest. In the long run, real economic growth is found to respond to any deviation in the long-run equilibrium relationship that is found to exist between the different measures of stock market depth, oil prices, and the other macroeconomic variables. In the short run we find a complex network of causal relationships between the variables. While the empirical evidence of short-run causality is mixed, there is clear evidence that real economic growth responds to various measures of stock market depth, allowing for real oil price movements and changes in the real effective exchange rate, inflation rate, and real rate of interest.     

THE BEHAVIOR OF U.S. SHORT-TERM INTEREST RATES SINCE OCTOBER 1979

Short-term interest rates in the United States have been “too high” since October 1979 in the sense that both unconditional and conditional forecasts, based on an estimated vector autoregression model summarizing the prior experience, underpredict short-term interest rates during this period. Although a nonstructural model cannot directly answer the question of why this has been so, comparisons of alternative conditional forecasts point to the post-October 1979 relationship between the growth of real income and the growth of real money balances as closely connected to the level and pattern of short-term interest rates. This finding is consistent with the authors' earlier conclusion, based on analysis of a small structural macroeconometric model, that the high average level of interest rates has been due to a combination of slow growth of (nominal) money supply and continuing price inflation, which together have kept real balances small in relation to prevailing levels of economic activity.     

Money,interest, inflation and growth in Turkey

This paper estimates a two equation model of inflation and growth in Turkey over the period 1950–1977. Inflation is determined by the difference between the rates of change in nominal money supply and real money demand. The short-run growth function consists of an expectations augmented Phillips curve, to which a credit availability effect is added. Under Turkey's disequilibrium institutional interest rate and exchange control systems, the real supply of domestic credit is determined, in large part, by real money demand which is, in turn, influenced by the real deposit rate of interest. The central bank can use both the nominal money supply and the nominal deposit rate of interest as policy instruments for stabilisation purposes.     

中国经济增长、汇率变动与对外贸易关系的实证研究

本文利用时间序列分析方法,考察了1978-2004年中国经济增长、汇率变动与对外贸易的关系。实证结果表明,经济增长是对外贸易的核心影响因素;无论是名义汇率还是实际汇率,都不是对外贸易的重要影响因素。事实上,中国的贸易顺差来源于中国得天独厚的成本优势以及美国对中国不当的贸易政策。因而,要解决中美之间贸易失衡问题,美国必须调整国内的经济政策和对中国的贸易政策。     

Regulation and the Neo-Wicksellian Approach to Monetary Policy

Laubach and Williams (2003) employ a Kalman filter approach to jointly estimate the neutral real federal funds rate and trend output growth using an IS relationship and an output-gap-based inflation equation. They find a positive link between these two variables, but also much error surrounding neutral real rate estimates. We modify their approach by including variables for regulations on deposit interest rates and on wages and prices. These variables are statistically significant and notably affect estimates of two policy-relevant coefficients: the sensitivity of output to the real interest rate and that of inflation to the output gap.     

Endogenous Growth and Real Effects of Monetary Policy: R&D and Physical Capital Complementarities

We study the real long-run effects of the structural stance of monetary policy and of inflation, in the context of a monetary growth model where R&D is complemented with physical capital accumulation. We look into the effects on a set of real macroeconomic variables that have been of interest to policymakers—the economic growth rate, real interest rate, physical investment rate, capital-to-labor ratio, R&D intensity, and velocity of money. These variables have been previously analyzed from the perspective of different, separated, strands of the theoretical and empirical literature. Additionally, we analyze the long-run relationship between inflation and both the effectiveness of real industrial-policy shocks and the market structure, assessed namely by average firm size. We present novel cross-country evidence on the empirical relationship between the latter and long-run inflation.     

Forecasting multiple-term structures from interbank rates

The classic relationship between deposit rates and interest rate derivatives has been fractured since August 2007. Uncertainty in the interbank money market has increased the risk premia differentials on unsecured deposit rates of different tenors, such as Euribor, leading to a new pricing framework of interest rate derivatives based on multiple discount curves. This article analyzes the economic determinants of this new multi-curve framework. We employ basis swap (BS) spreads – floating-to-floating interest rate swaps – as instruments for extracting the interest rate curve differentials. Our results show that the multi-curve framework mirrors the standard single-curve setting in terms of level, slope and curvature factors. The level factor captures 90% of the total variation in the curves, and this factor significantly covariates with the spread between financial and risk-free bond yields, a proxy of systemic risk. This variable anticipates future movements of the curve level for all tenors. Moreover, unidirectional causality running from market-wide liquidity to curve residuals is also detected. Finally, we show how the information content in liquidity and systemic risk could improve the forecastability of interest rate curves under financial distress.     

Does interest rate and its volatility affect banking sector development? Empirical evidence from emerging market economies

This study investigates the relationship between interest rate, interest rate volatility, and banking sector development in 12 emerging market economies located around the world. For this purpose, panel data analysis was conducted using annual data from 1980 to 2014. In parallel to the financial development literature, which asserts that banking sector development, as a broad and complex concept, cannot be measured by a single indicator, this study adopts a set of measures of banking sector development. The empirical results reveal that while interest rate has a positive impact on all banking sector indicators, this relationship weakens at higher interest levels, showing a concave relationship between interest rate and banking sector development. In addition, the empirical results provide evidence that interest rate fluctuations have a negative impact on most banking sector development (BSD) indicators, suggesting that the banking sectors of emerging countries are vulnerable to interest rate risks. Furthermore, all measures of the banking sector indicators are positively affected by economic growth rates, while this association weakens at higher levels of income, confirming a nonlinear relationship. Thus, the results have important implications for policymakers in improving the banking system and promoting the economic growth of these emerging economies.     

利率市场化背景下银行系统性危机的实证研究

从利率市场化的国际经验来看,无论是在发达国家还是发展中国家,其实施过程都容易导致不同程度的银行业危机。采用1973~2012年42个国家的面板数据,对利率市场化背景下的银行业危机进行的实证研究表明：利率市场化的推进将增加银行系统性危机发生的机率,特别是在存款利率市场化阶段,而严格的银行监管是抑制银行系统危机发生的有效方法;显性存款保险制度的设立无助于利率市场化后银行系统性风险的防范,甚至有可能会增加危机发生的机率;资本账户开放下进行利率市场化会增加银行系统危机发生的机率。利率市场化进程中允许开设民营银行不会增加银行系统危机的发生机率。