创业板上市公司高管薪酬与应计、真实盈余管理关系的研究

本文从委托代理、高管薪酬契约有效性、信息不对称三个理论角度探讨公司高管薪酬激励对盈余管理水平的影响机理,并以2011—2017年创业板上市公司作为实证样本,考察高管薪酬与应计、真实盈余管理这两种行为的关系。结果显示,高管薪酬越高,其应计、真实盈余管理水平越低。进一步地,考虑高管持股的调节作用,研究发现高管持股弱化了高管薪酬的正向激励作用。并且,高管持股比例增加,对应计盈余管理行为的偏好要强于对真实盈余管理活动,这可能是高管考虑到后者对企业长期价值的损害较高。     

高管财务背景文献综述

财务背景作为高管的一个重要特质,不可避免的会影响高管的决策方式,进而影响企业的发展。本文从投资、股价、审计、信息披露、盈余管理五个角度梳理文献并做出总结,针对高管财务背景这一研究方向提出展望。     

财会企业的真实盈余管理实证研究

与本文根据国内外相关的理论分析成果,以中国A股市场上市公司为研究对象,对高管会计师事务所工作背景、关联关系与应计及真实盈余管理之间的关系进行研究。结果表明与未聘任具有会计师事务所工作背景高管的公司相比,聘任了具有会计师事务所工作背景高管的公司其应计及真实盈余管理水平没有显著差异;与聘请有会计师事务所工作背景但无关联关系高管的上市公司相比,聘请有关联关系高管的公司应计盈余水平更高,而真实盈余管理水平更低。     

高管团队特征对盈余管理的影响研究

以创业板上市公司为研究对象,实证分析高管团队特征对盈余管理的影响,同时探究股权激励在两者之间的调节作用。结果表明:高管团队平均年龄与正向盈余管理负相关;平均受教育水平与正向盈余管理负相关;平均任期与盈余管理负相关。股权激励在高管团队特征(平均年龄、平均任期)与盈余管理之间起显著调节作用。     

上市公司高管增减持对盈余管理影响的分析

随着现代企业的发展,公司所有权与经营权,两权分离制度的产生一方面有利于现代公司治理,另一方面也带来了负面效应--委托代理问题。高管掌握着企业大量的内部信息,出于个人经营业绩或者自身利益等原因,高管可能会进行股票增持或减持;或根据托宾Q理论,当公司股价被高估时,及市价高于其本身价值,上市公司高管可能抛售公司股票,将套现产生的利益用于其他投资。同时,基于信息不对称理论,高管以及大股东能全面掌握公司的经营管理状况,能比其他投资者拥有更多关于企业的信息,且其具有对公司的盈余进行管理的权力。上市公司高管在增持或减持过程中是否会产生盈余管理行为呢?如果高管进行盈余管理,增减持规模与盈余管理的程度是否存在着一定的关系。因此研究上市公司高管增减持对盈余管理影响的有着现实意义。     

高管薪酬激励与盈余管理偏好研究

文章以2012—2016年沪深A股上市公司为研究对象,从短期薪酬和长期薪酬两个视角探究高管薪酬激励与盈余管理的关系及偏好。研究发现,高管货币薪酬与真实盈余管理和应计盈余管理显著负相关,即高管货币薪酬会抑制盈余管理,高管采用两种盈余管理不存在偏好;高管股权薪酬与真实盈余管理显著负相关,与应计盈余管理呈现不显著的正相关关系,即高管股权薪酬会抑制真实盈余管理,对操纵应计盈余管理的动机不强烈,高管采用两种盈余管理存在一定的偏好。     

我国上市公司盈余管理决策存在同群效应吗?

作为公司决策的主体,管理者的行为和决策不可避免地存在同群的相互依赖性,公司高管在盈余管理决策中可能存在使自身行为与同群行为保持一致的倾向性。本文采用我国A股上市公司2012-2017年数据,通过蒙特卡洛模拟构造基于分析师共同关注的同群群组,以"同群的同群"作为工具变量对线性均值结构式模型进行识别,并采用条件方差识别方法对盈余管理同群效应的乘数效应进行测度。研究结果证实了我国上市公司盈余管理决策存在同群效应,但具有方向上的不对称性,受同群公司向上盈余管理的影响较为显著,对同群公司向下盈余管理的影响不显著。因此,监管部门应重视盈余管理同群效应的外溢影响,特别是公司向上的盈余管理行为。     

盈余管理行为研究的新视角:基于高管薪酬公平性角度

高管薪酬公平性是影响公司高层管理者行为的重要因素,会计盈余又是公司制定高管薪酬的主要标准,因而作为公司政策的决定者和执行者的高管团队有可能产生基于提高薪酬公平性而进行盈余管理的动机.本文以高管薪酬公平性这一全新的视角,分析了高管薪酬内部公平性和外部公平性两个方面对高管盈余管理行为的影响及高管利用管理层权力进行盈余管理的可行性,最后对怎样通过制定合理薪酬结构、改善公司治理提出了政策建议.     

盈余管理是高管减持的前奏吗

运用2009-2012年间我国A股市场上市公司数据,实证分析高管减持对盈余管理的影响。研究结果表明,上市公司中确实存在以配合高管减持为目的的盈余管理行为,减持事件加大了公司正向盈余管理的概率;高管减持幅度越大,公司正向盈余管理的程度也越强;进一步区分高管与董事长两职合一情况后发现,两职合一的上市公司较两职分离的上市公司,其盈余管理的程度更强。     

高管从军经历与公司盈余管理:军民融合发展战略的新考察

军民融合发展战略是统一富国和强军两大目标的国家战略,具有从军经历的高管是军队人才资源与地方经济发展深度融合的事实样本。本文切入公司真实行为视角,详细考察和分析了高管从军经历对应计和真实两类盈余管理的影响效应和调节因素。首先,对影响效应的考察发现,相比无从军经历高管的公司,具有从军经历高管的公司应计盈余管理程度更高,销售操纵型的真实活动盈余管理程度更高,这表明具有从军经历的高管所在公司财务表现更加激进。其次,对调节因素的考察发现,高管从军经历对公司盈余管理程度的正向影响在国有企业以及高决策权力公司中更加显著。最后,对高管从军经历的细分特征考察发现,高管从军的年限越长、从军时取得的军衔越高,则公司盈余管理程度越高,这表明高管从军经历对盈余管理的影响效应受到从军深入度和军队认可度的影响。本文研究在理论上拓展了"文化与财务"的研究范式,补充了盈余管理文献的决定因素,在实践上为军民融合战略背景下军队文化对公司财务行为的经济后果及作用机理提供了微观个体层面的经验证据。     

Gender differences and managerial earnings forecast bias: Are female executives less overconfident than male executives?

This study examines whether firms with female executives forecast company earnings more conservatively. Consistent with the selectivity hypothesis, the results reveal firms with female CEOs tend to make conservative earnings forecasts in a perceived positive situation and firms with a higher percentage of female directors on the board are more likely to forecast earnings conservatively in a perceived negative situation. The conservativeness of female executives is not caused by lower management ability. This conservative behavior is not caused by personal factors such as military status, level of education, or area of study.     

Ethics and Disclosure: A Study of the Financial Performance of Firms in the Seasoned Equity Offerings Market

In this article, we examine the association between ethics and disclosure and the impact of this association on the long-term, post-issue performance of seasoned equity offerings (SEOs). We argue that firms with extensive disclosure are less likely to face information problems, and more likely to lead to an active shareholder monitoring, and therefore, engage in fewer unethical activities, such as aggressive earnings manipulation, and have better long-term, post-issue performance. Consistent with these predictions, this study presents evidence that disclosure is negatively related to unethical earnings manipulation and positively associated with long-term, post-issue performance. In particular, we find that long-term, post-issue SEO underperformance is significantly less for firms with extensive disclosure and conservative earnings management than firms with less disclosure and aggressive earnings management. We interpret this evidence to mean that over the long run, the capital market values ethical financial reporting and corporate efforts to incorporate social responsibility into their decision-making processes, for example, by enhancing information transparency through voluntary disclosure.      

上市公司盈利预测信息自愿披露悖论:提出与解读

本文提出了一个关于上市公司盈利预测信息自愿性披露的悖论。该悖论的发现和解读表明,上市公司自愿披露盈利预测信息对减少信息不对称、增加财务信息的有用性具有重要意义。同时,自愿披露盈利预测信息对改善与投资者关系、降低上市公司的融资成本有着正面效应。然而,披露成本的存在使得公司管理层不得不在自愿披露的收益与成本之间反复斟酌,并且盈利预测信息的供求结构、资本市场的竞争强度以及经理人市场发展水平等对上市公司披露盈利预测信息的意愿程度也会产生重要影响。     

审计师选择、留存股权和盈余披露——中国IPO公司价值信号传递机制研究

公司通过权衡信号成本与信息收益,选择一种或多种市场信号,包括审计师选择、留存股权和盈余披露等。各信号间的内生性问题是本文的研究重点。我们以2000—2002年中国155家IPO公司为研究样本,通过构建联立方程系统实证,发现：我国IPO市场审计师选择、盈余预测与留存股权并非替代信号,风险越大公司越倾向保留较低股权;盈利预测对股权留存并没有显著影响;审计收费对公司审计师选择具有显著影响,但审计风险对审计收费的影响并不明显。     

The ethical profile of global marketing negotiators

As international trade and business opportunities grow globally, insight into trading partners’ strategies is essential. One of the major strategies that impact trading partners’ relationships is negotiation strategy employed by each partner. These strategies assume even greater importance when these strategies have ethical content. This study examines the effects of marketing executives’ preferred ethical ideologies (relativism and idealism), opportunism and Machiavellianism on their perceived appropriateness of unethical negotiation tactics. Utilizing a sample of 995 marketing executives from six countries, cluster analysis and multivariate analysis of variance revealed two types of marketing negotiators: principled and corrupt negotiators. Corrupt negotiators tend to be more Machiavellian, more relativist, more opportunistic and less idealistic than their principled counterparts. Principled negotiators tend to perceive unethical negotiation tactics less favorably than their corrupt counterparts. Implications of these results for practitioners and directions for future research are discussed.     

Rogues and Deviants: a game-theoretic perspective on opportunism in strategic alliances

ABSTRACT

This research examines how relational factors, such as monitoring, relative alliance identity (RAI), and trust, influence opportunism and, consequently, alliance performance. The authors suggest that the strategic alliances literature would benefit from recognising that opportunism does not always originate from the firm (rogue opportunism), but can also originate from individual employees (deviant opportunism). Hypotheses are tested in a multi-method approach within a business simulation and a cross-sectional sample of alliance executives. The results demonstrate a U-shaped relationship between trust and opportunism; however, monitoring moderates the relationship such that at high levels of trust, opportunism is practically non-existent. Further, results indicate that employees’ identification with the alliance impedes opportunism. Additionally, both types of opportunistic behaviours negatively impact the performance of partner firms and alliances.     

Mandatory Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Reporting and Financial Reporting Quality: Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment

This study examines the impact of mandatory Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) reporting on firms’ financial reporting quality using a quasi-natural experiment in China that mandates a subset of firms to report their CSR activities starting in 2008. We find that mandatory CSR disclosure firms constrain earnings management after the policy. The result is robust to a battery of sensitivity tests and more prominent for firms with lower analyst coverage. Further analyses reveal that upward earnings management by mandatory disclosure firms is more likely to be caught after the policy. The findings suggest that mandatory CSR disclosure mitigates information asymmetry by improving financial reporting quality.     

公允价值应用下的盈余管理

新会计准则的实施对上市公司的盈余管理产生较大的影响,其中公允价值计量属性的应用,更增加了企业管理当局会计处理的自由度。公允价值应用下盈余管理包括投资性房地产、债务重组、非货币性资产交换、关联交易等管理手段。防范我国上市公司滥用公允价值进行盈余管理,应采取强化信息披露和对相关交易实质的审查,加强公允价值计量内外部监控以及提高信息使用者的识别能力等措施。     

上市公司会计舞弊与盈余管理比较分析

在资本市场中,只要存在信息不对称和利益博弈,会计舞弊和盈余管理的动机和借口就永远存在。对于财务舞弊和盈余管理的治理,是很难通过消除压力和借口来取得成效的,只有尽量减少机会因素,即行为实施的条件和机会,才能真正取得实质性成效。由于两者在行为后果和法律责任上的截然不同,因而相应的治理策略也有所不同。对于会计舞弊的治理则需要以"治"为主、"防""治"结合的策略,事前的有效防范、事后外部审计的有效监督和发现后的严厉惩罚缺一不可。对于盈余管理问题,只能通过不断改革和完善相关会计政策规范,加强信息披露等来压缩盈余管理的空间,同时还应通过制度建设和道德建设来引导公司的行为,才能逐步减少盈余管理对会计信息质量的影响。     

Drivers of Environmental Disclosure and Stakeholder Expectation: Evidence from Taiwan

This article investigates stakeholder expectations associated with corporate environmental disclosure. Several articles have studied the effect that stakeholder pressure has on environmental disclosing strategies. In this article, we extend previous research to an examination of the influence of external, internal, and intermediary stakeholder groups or constituencies in turn to clarify the demands of multiple stakeholders as to firms’ disclosure of sufficient and adequate environmental information. The sample comprised Taiwanese firms listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange. Our results show that the level of environmental disclosure is significantly affected by stakeholder groups’ demands. External stakeholder groups, such as the government, debtors, and consumers, exert a strong influence over management intentions regarding the extent of environmental disclosure. Internal stakeholder groups, such as shareholders and employees, impose additional pressures on firms to disclose environmental information. As for intermediate stakeholder groups, environmental protection organizations, and accounting firms, these can greatly influence managerial choices regarding their environmental disclosure strategies.