The Monetized Economy Versus Care and the Environment: Degrowth Perspectives On Reconciling an Antagonism

This paper addresses the question of how the current growth paradigm perpetuates existing gender and environmental injustices and investigates whether these can be mitigated through a degrowth work-sharing proposal. It uses an adapted framework of the “ICE model” to illustrate how ecological processes and caring activities are structurally devalued by the monetized economy in a growth paradigm. On the one hand, this paradigm perpetuates gender injustices by reinforcing dualisms and devaluing care. On the other hand, environmental injustices are perpetuated since “green growth” does not succeed in dematerializing production processes. In its critique of the growth imperative, degrowth not only promotes the alleviation of environmental injustices but also calls for a recentering of society around care. This paper concludes that, if designed in a gender-sensitive way, a degrowth work-sharing proposal as part of a broader value transformation has the potential to address both gender and environmental injustices.     

货币供给、虚拟经济与通货膨胀——对通胀决定因素中货币供给与虚拟经济影响的再认识

主流经济学关于货币增长和价格水平之间关系的观点受到了来自理论和实证方面的挑战,虚拟经济的不断膨胀和泛化引发人们从虚拟经济的角度来重新认识这一关系.文章认为CPI是衡量价格水平的有效指标,在已有的关于虚拟经济本质和"虚实背离"的研究基础上,对传统货币供给与通胀一一对应关系进行重新分析,从需求和供给两个方面分析虚拟经济通胀水平的影响.通过实证分析我国CPI、M2和虚拟经济之间1997年前后的长期关系以及2006-2007年的短期关系,文章的理论分析得到了较好的支持.     

The Care Economy in Post-Reform China: Feminist Research on Unpaid and Paid Work and Well-Being

ABSTRACT

As China embarked on the path of economic and social reforms, social provisions from the Maoist era were dismantled, and care responsibilities shifted back from the state to the household. Rural–urban migration, a steep decline in fertility, and increasing longevity have led to changes in the age structure of the population both overall and by region. Using seven different surveys, the eleven contributions in this volume study the distributive consequences of post-reform care policies and the impact of unpaid care responsibilities on women’s and men’s opportunities and gender inequality. Overall, reduced care services have created care deficits for disadvantaged groups, including low-income rural elderly and children. The shifted care burden has also limited women’s ability to participate fully in the market economy and has contributed to rising gender inequalities in labor force participation, off-farm employment, earnings, pensions, and mental health outcomes.     

挑战·机遇·出路——我国低碳经济的发展之路

低碳经济作为一种新的发展模式,影响着世界各国的经济社会发展进程.我国是最大的发展中国家,在发展低碳经济的进程中,存在包括发展阶段、资源禀赋、产业结构、技术条件等诸多方面的压力与挑战,同时也存在减排空间大、减排成本低、技术合作潜力大的优势.因此,我们要从全局的角度出发,建立低碳经济的政府主导机制、技术支撑机制、制度创新机制、生产消费机制和国际合作机制,从而走出一条中国特色的低碳经济发展道路.     

Underground Economy,Evasion and Inequality

Economic theory is paying increasing attention to a non-observed economy (NOE) and its causes. Recently, a couple of works (Rosser et al., 2000 Rosser, J. B., Rosser, M. V. and Ahmed, E. 2000. Income inequality and the informal economy in transitions economies. Journal of Comparative Economics, 28(1): 156–171.  [Google Scholar], 2003 Rosser, J. B., Rosser, M. V. and Ahmed, E. 2003. Multiple unofficial economy equilibria and income distribution dynamics in systemic transition. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 25(3): 425–447. [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) have claimed that there is a positive relationship between income inequality and the size of NOE. This supposed relationship is not so clear and deserves in-depth analysis. There is a crucial aspect that has been completely avoided in these studies: income inequality is mainly measured using ‘regular’ incomes and this fact could lead to some bias. The existence of a certain size of NOE implies some income evasion that can affect the inequality indexes used in the study of the relationship between NOE and inequality. Including the regional share of NOE in a wage equation, I find that, in the specific case of the Italian private sector employees, the income evasion attached to NOE tends to reduce inequality measured by regular wages statistics.     

低碳经济：国外的发展动向及中国的选择

以低能耗、低污染、低排放为基础的低碳经济是人类社会的一大进步,国外已采取多种措施发展低碳经济。发展低碳经济,是中国作为负责的大国、实现和平崛起和可持续发展的必然选择。     

热钱流入对中国经济的影响及其对策思考

从2002年开始,便有热钱进入中国市场,对我国的股市、楼市和银行系统等经济领域造成了不同程度的影响。从热钱进入的渠道、原因及其对我国经济的影响三个方面进行了深入的分析,并提出了控制热钱流入的政策建议。     

热钱流入对中国经济的影响及其对策

人民币升值预期和国内房地产、股市价格上涨预期使得国(境)外热钱大量流入中国,对中国的经济产生了严重的负面效应,干扰了中国货币政策的有效性,也威胁到中国的金融安全。本文界定了热钱的概念和特性,分析了国(境)外热钱进入中国的动机及其对中国经济的影响,提出了应对热钱异常流入的对策建议。     

我国市场经济发展中的生态和谐问题研究

我国经济的快速发展付出了沉重的生态代价,资源快速消耗、环境污染严重。基于市场经济的视角,主要原因在于市场经济不完善导致资源有效产出率低下,市场失灵使自然环境遭到过度开发和破坏,政府缺位和政策不完善导致生态治理和保护不足,经济全球化带来了生态负面效应。要实现经济发展与生态和谐的统一,需要完善市场经济机制,充分发挥政府职能、克服市场失灵,增强生态保护意识。     

科学发展观与中国经济发展方式的转变

中国共产党第十七次全国代表大会的胜利召开,表明中国已经朝着“十六大”确立的全面建设小康社会的目标迈出了坚实步伐,取得了阶段性成果。现阶段必须正确看待经济发展状况和存在问题。要确保到2020年实现全面建成小康社会的奋斗目标,就必须在科学发展观的指导下,采取更新发展理念、依靠科技进步、调整和升级经济结构、发展循环经济等措施切实转变经济增长方式,努力实现经济又好又快发展。     

Sexual Orientation,Sexual History,and Inequality in the United States

Much of the literature on sexual orientation discrimination reports earnings differentials for gay, lesbian, and bisexual individuals when compared with heterosexuals. The General Social Survey (GSS) has previously been used due to its extensive coverage of demographic variables and sexual behavior in the United States. This study uses updated GSS data to investigate whether the income differentials found in earlier work have persisted and how estimates based on categorizing respondents according to the reported sex of their sex partners compare to estimates based on the respondents’ self-reported sexual orientation. Results for the years 2008–14 indicate that self-identification as an LGB individual and/or same-sex sexual behavior are correlated with a lower income; however, not all the results are statistically significant. In addition, there is a statistically significant negative income differential of 32 percent for men who report having had a same-sex partner at some point, but identify as straight/heterosexual.     

The Glass Ceiling Puzzle,Legal Institutions,and the Shadow Economy

ABSTRACT

Scholarly studies in economics, sociology, psychology, and management emphasize the low number of women in management as one of the main indicators of gender discrimination in the labor market. This study investigates the differences in the percentage of women in senior management across forty-five countries. The results of the regression analysis show that women are more represented in senior management in developing countries than in so-called “liberal Western democracies.” Women also participate more in senior management in countries in which prejudice and discrimination against women are greater. The study presents empirical evidence for two economic explanations for these puzzling results: the weak functioning of the legal system and the large size of the shadow economy.     

低碳经济与我国出口贸易发展方向

在分析我国出口贸易现状和特点的基础上,文章基于直接消耗法对我国主要出口的按SITC分类的第3、第5、第6和第7类产品2005年和2010年的碳排放量进行计算,结果显示尽管我国出口商品碳排放强度在下降,但出口商品的CO2排放总量较高,2005年、2010年我国4大类出口商品的CO2排放总量分别为4.8亿吨和5.1亿吨,我国出口贸易建立在高碳排放基础之上的特征明显。在低碳经济背景下,发达国家实施的低碳规制和措施将会对我国第5、第6和第7大类商品的出口产生较大不利影响。为了促进我国出口贸易更好地发展,在与发达国家展开谈判、积极发展低碳经济、优化能源消费结构、创新低碳产品的同时重点控制第6类商品的碳排放量,并培育第7类产品新的出口增长点和扩大内需。     

略论国际性短期资本涌入对我国经济发展的影响

由于持续的人民币升值和美元贬值预期,国际热钱通过虚假贸易、外商直接投资、地下钱庄等渠道大规模涌入我国.由于国际热钱的大规模涌入,加剧了我国通货膨胀的压力和股市、楼市的动荡.     

Digital Economy,Entrepreneurship, and High-Quality Economic Development: Empirical Evidence from Urban China

The paper discusses the effects of the digital economy on high-quality urban development and its mechanism. Theoretically, the digital economy can empower high-quality development by boosting entrepreneurial vitality. Empirically, the paper measures the overall level of the digital economy and high-quality development of the 222 Chinese cities at and above the prefecture level during 2011–2016, depicts the entrepreneurial vitality of the cities with the microscopic data of the business registration information and makes quantitative analysis on this basis. The result shows: Digital economy has remarkably improved high-quality development and this conclusion still exists after the robustness test selecting historical data as the instrumental variables and the Broadband China pilot policy as the quasi experiment. The analysis of the mechanism of action indicates that encouraging public entrepreneurship is an important mechanism of the digital economy to release the dividend of high quality development. Finally, thanks to the threshold model and the spatial model, it is found that the positive effect of the digital economy has the characteristics of nonlinear increment and spatial spillover of the “marginal effects.” The research of the paper stimulates the reasons for high-quality development and the understanding of the effects, mechanisms and regional differences of high-quality development empowered by the digital economy.     

中国民营经济的发展瓶颈及对策研究

经过三十多年的发展,民营经济已经占据中国国民经济的半壁江山。虽然中国民营经济总量较大,但个体规模大多较小,技术水平偏低,产品和服务创新能力较弱,其进一步发展面临诸多因素制约。各级政府要进一步转变经济管理职能,正确处理国有企业与民营企业的关系,优化民营企业的市场竞争环境,切实落实促进民营经济发展的方针政策。民营企业也要抓住有利时机,强化管理制度改革,重视科技和人才工作,走合作发展之路。     

循环经济与中介组织的发展

本文从自然系统和社会经济系统相互关系的视角重新审视循环经济发展战略,认识循环经济的范畴和层次,分析我国发展循环经济存在的若干障碍和误区,从发达国家发展循环经济的经验中认识到,大力发展资源和环境中介组织对循环经济的发展具有非常重要的意义。     

创业型经济是中国经济发展的新引擎——基于后危机时代的视角

具有创新性、可持续性、自主性和风险性等特点的创业型经济是当今各国普遍重视的一种新型经济,是发达国家普遍追求的经济形态,也是中国在后危机时代背景下保持经济持续发展的必然选择。创业型经济不仅可以转变经济发展方式,建立创新型国家;而且可以充分扩大社会就业,推动经济可持续发展。后危机时代,中国从加强创业培训、优化创业环境、完善创业体系、健全创业法律制度等方面探索发展创业型经济的对策,使之成为中国经济发展的新引擎。     

低碳经济与黑龙江省经济发展机遇

温室效应引起的气候变化正使人类遭受越来越严重的损失,这是人类有史以来共同面对的最严重的危机。低碳经济正逐渐成为世界引导型经济发展模式,其实质是高能源效率和清洁能源结构问题,核心是能源技术创新和制度创新。围绕低碳经济的能源和产业新技术开发应用,无疑为黑龙江省改变高消耗、高排放、低效益的社会经济发展模式提供了难得的机遇。     

论开放经济下的货币供给与国际收支

从开放经济下的宏观经济总量的关系入手，分析开放经济条件下的国际收支和货币供给关系，并在此基础上，对开放经济对我国转轨经济时期的货币政策框架影响进行分析探讨。