Information Spillovers and the Choice of Export Destination: A Multinomial Logit Analysis of Spanish Young SMEs

Does having more firms around exporting to a particular destination improve the chances of exporting to that destination (e.g. through information spillovers)? We answer this question implementing a multinomial logit model of whether a firm exports to a particular country. To identify the source of information spillovers, we construct indicators of geographical concentration of exporters selling to a specific destination: within industry, multinationals and across industries. In our application with data for Spanish new small sized firms, only within-industry agglomeration of exporting domestic firms significantly affects the probability of small sized firms exporting to the same destination. The significance of localisation economies is robust to a barrage of controls including destination specific characteristics, gravitational factors (distance and level of development), firm heterogeneity (size) and regional differences.     

出口食品生产企业信息化管理初探

我国出口食品生产企业的数据管理大多数都停留在纸质文档管理的阶段,而食品生产过程原辅料繁多、加工过程复杂,传统的数据管理方式既难以适应现代化的生产,也不利于食品的追溯追踪,影响食品安全。本文从出口食品生产企业信息化管理的角度出发,详细分析成都地区出口食品生产企业的生产经营特点以及在信息化管理方面存在的相关问题。根据相关的特点和问题,提出出口食品生产企业信息化管理的总体规划、建设目标以及相关细则。旨在通过建立信息化的数据管理手段,实现对食品生产企业的现代化管理,有效实现食品整个环节的追溯和追踪,保障食品安全。     

不完全信息条件下基于产品质量的出口政策选择

在产品质量信息不完全性普遍存在的情况下,企业产品质量选择与国家产品质量声誉相互影响。提高国家产品质量声誉可以提高企业期望收益和国家福利,但由于产品质量外部性的存在以及国家产品质量声誉的"公共产品"性质,企业的自主产品质量选择行为并不会必然导致较高的国家产品质量声誉,从而存在国家干预的必要性。在一般情况下,实施"税收—补贴"组合政策是较优的政策选择。     

Effect of Distance and Communication Climate on Export Performance: The Mediating Role of Relationship Quality

ABSTRACT

The authors explore how distance and the communication climate perceived by exporters influence export performance both directly and as mediated by relationship quality. The ready-made garments industry in Bangladesh yielded 185 responses. A mediation model was tested using structural equation modeling, applying partial least squares techniques. The results show that distance is negatively related to communication climate and relationship quality; relationship quality mediates the distance–export performance relationship, whereas communication climate is positively associated with relationship quality and export performance, and a full mediating role of relationship quality is found in the communication climate–export performance relationship. A strong positive relationship between relationship quality and export performance is also identified. The managerial implication of the study includes that with better relationship strength, it is possible to neutralize the negative impact of distance on export performance. The implications and limitations are also discussed.     

国外专利权保护与出口——基于中国电子信息业的实证研究

文章采用双边贸易引力模型,基于三个细分电子信息业的数据对国外专利权保护与中国出口之间的关系进行了实证研究。结果发现,总体上,国外专利权保护会通过市场扩张效应促进中国电子信息业出口,但这种积极的贸易效应主要存在于经济发达或模仿能力强的进口国,而在欠发达或模仿能力弱的进口国,专利权保护则通过市场势力效应对中国电子信息业出口产生消极影响。另外,国外专利权保护对中国电子信息业出口的贸易效应会随时间发展而趋于明显。     

策略性信息传递与技术贸易的无效率

技术进步是经济增长的引擎,然而,发展中国家未能有效地利用国际技术贸易从发达国家获得自己想要的技术。原因在于,在贸易谈判开始前的了解信息阶段,由于要素禀赋的不一致,发达国家企业具有策略性传递技术质量信息以获取卖者剩余的倾向。预期到这种倾向,发展中国家的企业对发达国家企业传递的信息持不信任态度。通过寻找更多的技术供给方、减少信息质量的可能状态和参照价格标尺,策略性信息传递引起的技术交易无效率可以得到改善。     

Determinants of Export Performance: An Institutional Approach

This study evaluates the impact of institutional factors and innovation on the export performance of firms, from the assumption that the basic institutional framework of a country affects the export performance of firms through three transmission mechanisms: innovation, modes of entry to foreign markets, and network. The study comprises a qualitative, multicase study of five firms in the metalworking industry in the state of Santa Catarina (southern Brazil). The results of the study show the limitations of the institutional framework of the country of origin, particularly in terms of stimulating innovation in firms. On the other hand, the study points to strong evidence of the role of networking as a critical factor in determining the performance of innovation activities and export performance. Specifically, the findings highlight foreign-established networks, especially in regard to customers to drive innovation, and distributors to expand participation in markets. Finally, in terms of the effect of the institutional framework on the selection of internationalization strategies, for the cases studied, the findings suggest that the institutional frameworks of destination countries seem to exert greater influence than do the institutions of the country of origin.     

Export Barriers and Competitiveness of Developing Economies: The Case of the Ethiopian Leather Footwear Industry

Export competitiveness is an important success factor for developing economies. However, several barriers can prevent firms from exporting. This study empirically investigates export barriers in the Ethiopian leather footwear industry. We identify 10 conceptually linked barriers that are prevalent in the industry. Whereas some of the export barriers are in line with previous research, we find several new barriers such as logistics and export marketing. On the firm level, we identify different clusters of firms that are facing specific sub-sets of barriers. Depending on cluster membership, management must focus on certain export barriers for increasing competitiveness.     

不完全信息、反倾销威胁下的最优出口贸易政策——以审计政策为信息甄别工具

文章通过引入信息审计机制,考察了当出口国面临外国反倾销威胁且本国出口企业成本信息不完全时的最优出口贸易政策设计问题。发现:(1)当存在信息审计政策时,出口国企业谎报成本信息的动机减弱,信息审计政策有信息甄别效应;(2)出口国应该根据进口国国内要求保护压力的大小不同制定相应的出口贸易政策。当进口国国内要求保护压力较小时,出口国政府应该给予本国出口企业出口补贴,并且对成本较高的企业给予较高的补贴;当进口国国内要求保护压力较大时,出口国政府应该对本国出口企业征收出口关税,并且对成本较高的企业征收较高的关税。     

对国有专业外贸公司发展对策的思考

我国加入WTO后,外贸经营权正逐步放开,国有外贸公司的生存和发展面临着前所未有的挑战。但并不是说国有外贸公司必须退出,国有外贸公司具备其他经营主体没有的潜在优势,只要尽快解决目前存在的问题,并根据国际市场的需要重新定位,寻找新的发展途径,在我国对外贸易中仍会占有一席之地。     

出口企业营销动态能力提升出口绩效的机理研究

本文在动态能力观与权变理论框架下,探讨出口企业营销动态能力提升出口绩效的作用机制,利用我国238家出口企业数据实证分析后发现营销动态能力显著提升出口绩效,关键权变因素影响营销动态能力与出口绩效的作用关系,文化智力和文化距离正向调节营销动态能力与出口绩效的关系,风险倾向和制度距离负向调节营销动态能力与出口绩效的关系。这一结论为出口企业培育营销动态能力,并在不同的内外部环境条件下运用营销动态能力提升出口绩效提供有益的管理启示。     

Solving Export Marketing Problems of Small and Medium-Sized Firms from Developing Countries

Abstract

This study shows how networks can be used to solve the export marketing problems manufacturing firms in developing countries are facing. Major export barriers perceived by manufacturing firms in Eritrea are identified and, subsequently, differences in perceptions between footwear and textile manufacturers, and small and medium sized firms are examined. The findings suggest that some problems can be solved through individual action by the firms (market or hierarchy). However, small and medium-sized firms on their own can't solve the most important problems, like the lack of market information, the preparation of proper designs and the fulfillment of minimum quantity requirements. The major conclusion is that export market entry by SMEs in developing countries will not be successful if no horizontal and vertical business networks are established.     

珠三角地区互联网发展水平对净出口额的影响研究

自2014年互联网战略实施以来,互联网已经逐渐成为影响国内国际贸易的关键因素。在我国"十四五"规划中,提升企业创新能力、完善科技创新体制成为国家的战略目标。基于以上背景,探究互联网、技术创新因素对出口的影响,对我国加快地区产业升级,寻找新的出口增长点有着重要意义。本文运用了计量模型,重点探讨了广州、深圳、珠海三市互联网水平、技术创新水平对净出口额的影响,以2000—2019年三市的相关数据为样本进行了实证分析,并对结果进行了计量检验,结果发现,技术创新水平对出口有着消极影响,互联网发展水平对出口有着积极影响,并基于该结果提出结论以及政策建议。     

出口退税政策对出口贸易的效应分析

本文通过实证分析认为,出口退税政策对出口规模和出口结构具有明显的影响效果,在短期内可将出口退税政策作为我国调节出口贸易的重要手段,但从长期看我国应通过转变出口增长方式和出口结构,以提高出口企业的核心竞争力,保持出口贸易稳定持续发展。     

技术创新、生产效率和出口多样化与中国制造业出口竞争力

本文将出口质量指数纳入制造业出口竞争力的评价指标体系,基于中国海关数据库,利用熵权法估算了中国制造业细分行业的出口竞争力,并利用中国2000~2013年制造业行业面板数据研究了技术创新对中国制造业出口竞争力的影响,着重分析了其影响渠道。研究发现,在控制内生性和其他因素的影响后,技术创新对中国制造业出口竞争力有显著正向影响,进一步研究发现,技术创新通过行业生产效率和出口多样化影响出口竞争力提升。区分技术创新投入和产出后发现,行业技术创新产出对出口竞争力的影响依然显著。另外,动态模型的估计是最有效率的。区分不同类型的行业后发现,重型制造业、同质性制造业以及中等技术类型行业的技术创新显著促进行业出口竞争力提升。     

The Changing Business Environment in Tunisia

ABSTRACT

The present article investigates the business environment of a single Arab country, Tunisia, which is one of the least explored markets in international business literature. The study revealed that the market is witnessing considerable change subsequent to the liberalization policy in general and the move towards the trade agreement with the European Union in particular. By doing so, the article attempts to contribute to the actualization of business studies treating national markets in the Arab region given that the bulk of research dealing with this area are concerned either with business in the pre-liberalization era or mass marketing in the oil-rich Arab economies.     

Real Exchange Rate Targeting,Macroeconomic Performance and Sectoral Income Distribution in Developing Countries

This paper uses a two-sector general equilibrium model to analyse both steady-state and stochastic dynamic effects of two real exchange rate targeting policies: a constant-target, and a band-target rule. In the model, targeting is implemented by imposing a stochastic fully-rebatable tax on the consumption of non-traded goods. The first result is that when comparing only steady states, a real exchange rate appreciation favours labour and capital in the non-traded sector, while factors in the traded sector are favoured by depreciations. A second result is that both rules reduce the volatility of investment and the trade balance. The third key result is that in the stochastic economy sectoral income distribution outcomes depend on the design of the constant and band-target rules. In particular, a variety of outcomes may be generated depending on the magnitude of the constant target, or the amplitude of the band, relative to the volatility of productivity shocks.     

基于创新绩效的杭州市出口优势产业转型升级研究

在对杭州市出口优势产业进行筛选及判定的基础上,采用经济学统计方法以及DEA-Tobit两阶段分析法对纺织服装业、装备制造业的创新投入和创新效率进行8个城市间的对比分析,发现杭州市纺织服装业无论是在创新投入还是在创新效率方面均存在相对不足,装备制造业的主要问题集中在创新投入相对不足上。针对杭州市出口优势产业存在的问题,分别从技术、营销和产业链整合等方面提出转型升级建议。