速览

<正>要闻《特色农产品区域布局规划》确定五大重点领域农业部近日发布《特色农产品区域布局规划(2013-2020年)》,从强化特色农产品发展的关键薄弱环节入手,确定五大重点领域。一是特色农产品品种选育。二是特色农产品生产。通过产业化带动和辐射作用,促进产品集聚,提高市场竞争力,形成区域特色名牌产品。三是特色农产品标准化。应加快制定和完善国家标准和行业标准,     

《规划》引领 特色更“特”——农业部有关负责人就发布新一轮《特色农产品区域布局规划》答记者问

<正>我国地大物博,特色农产品品类繁多。随着工业化、城镇化和农业现代化的快速推进,特色农产品新品种、新产品、新品牌大量涌现,生产的专业化、规模化、标准化、市场化水平越来越高,如何顺应特色农业发展新要求,让特色农产品品质更优、布局更佳、市场竞争力更强?农业部近日发布《特色农产品区域布局规划(2013-2020年)》(以下简称《规划》),提出将重点培育144种区域特色农产品。这是继《特     

《规划》引领特色更“特”——农业部有关负责人就发布新一轮《特色农产品区域布局规划》答记者问

<正>我国地大物博,特色农产品品类繁多。随着工业化、城镇化和农业现代化的快速推进,特色农产品新品种、新产品、新品牌大量涌现,生产的专业化、规模化、标准化、市场化水平越来越高,如何顺应特色农业发展新要求,让特色农产品品质更优、布局更佳、市场竞争力更强?农业部近日发布《特色农产品区域布局规划(2013-2020年)》(以下简称《规划》),提出将重点培育144种区域特色农产品。这是继     

要闻速览

高层信息●农业部发布特色农产品区域布局规划日前,农业部发布了《特色农产品区域布局规划(2006—2015)》。作为《优势农产品区域布局规划》的姊妹篇,该《规划》旨在引导特色农产品向最适宜区集中,促进农业区域专业分工,深化农业结     

2010年强农惠农政策纵览(中)

<正>15.支持优势农产品生产和特色农业发展加快推进优势农产品区域布局,大力发展特色农业,是发展现代农业的客观要求,是保障农产品有效     

搞好特色农产品区域布局 推进农业产业化进程

阐述了唐山市特色农产品生产及产业化经营现状,发展特色农产品优势和制约因素,提出了板栗、奶牛、瘦肉型猪、食用菌、海珍品等重点特色农产品发展布局及发展设想,最后提出主要措施.该文还认为,要搞好特色农产品区域布局,必须采取依托龙头带动,实施品牌战略等4项措施.     

让特色畜产品更红火

<正>特色农业,就是将区域内独特的名优产品,转化为特色商品的现代农业。对特色农业的研究兴起于20世纪50年代的发达国家,我国对此的探索与实践起步于20世纪80年代。2007年时,农业部发布了《特色农产品区域布局规划(2006-2015年)》。可以说,自《特色农产品区域布局规划(2006-2015年)》实施以来,     

黑龙江省优势农产品布局研究

对黑龙江省3类优势农产品的发展条件进行了分析;研究了农产品发展的问题;提出了优势农产品布局规划的指导思想与分区原则;规划了大豆、水稻、玉米、小麦、亚麻5种农产品布局方向和种植分布;提出实施规划的7条措施。     

农业特色园区——融合发展的新平台

<正>近年来,广陵区以特色农业园区为平台,加快设施农业、生态农业、休闲观光和农产品加工等项目的培育和集聚,不断提升产业融合发展水平。园区发展布局基本形成。广陵区农业园区建设融一二三产,集产供销为一体,是扬州市农产品生产、加工和流通的主阵地、主战场。在农产品生产领域,拥有省级广陵现代农业产业园、市级头桥现代农业园,其中广     

要闻

<正>我国2020年将初步建成全国农产品市场体系商务部等10部门近日联合发布《全国农产品市场体系发展规划》,提出到2020年,我国将初步建立形成全国网与区域网相结合、公益性和市场化相结合、实体网与虚拟网相结合、批发网络与零售网络相结合的中国特色全国农产品市场体系。规划根据我国各地经济社会、交通区位、人口分布、农产品流通基础等因素,在全国农产品生产、集散和消费集中区域布局100个左右全国骨干农产品批发市场和8个市场集群,依托市场集群形成"三     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

Does sustainable agricultural growth require a system of innovation? Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso

This paper tests the ‘systems of innovation’ hypothesis for a selection of crops in Ghana and Burkina Faso that have shown significant growth in production over an approximately 20-year period. The question is whether such growth can only occur if supported by a system of innovation. Using two indicators (a common understanding on objectives and priorities, and a high level of interactivity), we find little evidence for the existence of anything that might be considered a high functioning system of innovation.     

Local impacts of industrial tree plantations: An empirical analysis in Indonesia across plantation types

The values ascribed to industrial tree plantations are often controversial. Hence knowledge of their perceived impacts is important for improving their integration in rural landscapes. In 2016 we conducted household surveys with 606 respondents living in villages adjacent to acacia, teak and pine plantations across three islands in Indonesia (Java, Borneo, Sumatra). Results show that perceptions toward pine and teak plantations tend to differ from those toward acacia pulpwood plantations in several ways. Pine and teak plantations are perceived to have a higher number and variety of benefits and services, a higher number of positive impacts, a better environmental record, and to present more opportunities to local people for use of plantation land and products for improving rural livelihoods. In addition, we find that villagers around acacia pulpwood plantations tend to seek economic development and infrastructure to open up remote areas, yet their expectations were often only partially met. Recommendations from our analysis include: the role of the State in plantations must be clarified and potentially reinforced; the role of institutions as intermediaries is fundamental; and contributions by communities to design of management plans should be accommodated.     

土地学科的建设和发展——"土地学科发展规划研讨会"综述

中国土地科学学科发展已取得很大成就,表现为专业教育和人才培养成绩突出、初步形成学科体系、取得大批研究成果.而存在的问题主要是基础理论研究欠缺、独特的土地科学研究方法体系尚未形成、研究角度单一、学术交流质量不高和学科带头人的影响力不足.土地科学学科发展目前面临着巨大的机遇和挑战,应明确土地科学学科发展的基本思路、发展目标及2010-2020年的主要建设任务和保障措施.     

Upstream demand for water use by new tree plantations imposes externalities on downstream irrigated agriculture and wetlands*

Large‐scale tree plantations in high rainfall upstream areas can reduce fresh water inflows to river systems, thereby imposing external costs on downstream irrigation, stock and domestic water users and wetland interests. We take the novel approach of expressing all benefits and costs of establishing plantations in terms of $ per gigalitre (GL) of water removed annually from river flows, setting upstream demands on the same basis as downstream demands. For the Macquarie Valley, a New South Wales sub‐catchment of Australia’s Murray‐Darling Basin, we project changes in land and water use and changes in economic surpluses under two policy settings: without and with a policy requiring permanent water entitlements to be purchased from downstream parties, before plantation establishment. Without the policy, and given a high stumpage value for trees ($70/m³), upstream gains in economic surplus projected from expanding plantations are $639 million; balanced against $233 million in economic losses by downstream irrigators and stock and domestic water users for a net gain of $406 million, but 345 GL lower mean annual environmental flows. With the policy, smaller gains in upstream economic surplus from trees ($192 million), added to net downstream gains ($138 million) from sale of water, result in gains of $330 million with no reduction in environmental flows. Sustaining the 345 GL flow for a $76 million (406–330) reduction in gains to economic surplus may be seen to cost only $0.22 million/GL; but this is much lower than the market value of the first units of that water to agriculture and forestry.     

Malaria incidence and agricultural efficiency in Uganda

The cost of accessing healthcare can be a major determinant of disease prevalence, which in turn has short‐ and long‐term welfare implications on poor households. In response, governments in developing countries often resort to subsidizing the cost of drugs, which, while perhaps easier to administer, may not always be the most effective way of addressing healthcare cost. In this regard, we analyze the impact of different types of household level health expenses on disease incidence and agricultural production efficiency. We use data from the 2006 Uganda National Household Survey, which covered approximately 7,400 households. The results suggest that a 10% increase in consultation, medicine, and hospitalization expenses would reduce malaria incidence respectively by 35.6%, 20.5%, and 21.3 %, which translates into a 1.1%, 0.6%, and 0.6 % decrease in agricultural inefficiency, respectively. The results indicate that helping poor households meet expenses for consultation through subsidies or eliminating consultation fees has a larger impact on malaria incidence and agricultural productivity among poor rural households than subsidizing the cost of medical drugs, the most common avenue chosen by developing country governments in the fight against the disease.