小井眼侧钻安全提速研讨

小井眼侧钻大多都是Φ139.7mm或Φ177.8mm套管开窗侧钻。随着辽河油田油区的中后期开发,侧钻井尤其是小井眼侧钻,会有越来越多的业务量。老区块由于受注水、注汽的影响,地层存在局部憋压和高压区。例如在辽河油区曙3区,齐2区块等,钻遇高压层时的密度要提至1.80～1.90g/cm~3以上,才能平衡地层压力,防止井控险情发生。小井眼侧钻在钻进中发生复杂情况与事故的几率较高,极易发生井漏和各种卡钻事故。安全提速常常制约着生产,是需要解决的问题,也是关键的环节,通过钻头的合理选型,泥浆性能的监控,钻井水力参数的优化、井控风险的控制等,完善技术措施,做好事故的预防工作,只有这样才能实现安全提速。     

4"套管内打捞工艺技术

江汉油田最近几年来针对套损井大力开展51/2"套管内开窗侧钻和悬挂4"套管完井。为解决4"小井眼内打捞难题，研制了7套小井眼打捞工具，同时配套了相应一些工具，从而形成了4"小井眼打捞施工能力，并在严5-9CZ井成功完成一口小井眼井打捞施工。     

浅层开窗侧钻水平K2357C复合尾管固井技术

应用小井眼开窗侧钻技术是降低钻井综合成本、老井再度稳产增效的重要途径之一。本文针对哈国卡拉姆卡斯油田K2357C完井作业的主要难点,详细介绍了小井眼内开窗侧钻水平井实施复合尾管固井技术的研究与应用情况,包含浅井尾管下入技术、新型XG-F完井系统设计、小井眼窄间隙固井、水平井固井技术等。为今后同类型井,特别是浅层开窗侧钻水平井的固井施工提供参考。     

侧钻小井眼膨胀管钻完井技术研究

文章由膨胀管技术入手,以油田中某侧井施工为例,通过对其施工流程的介绍,详细阐述小井眼膨胀管钻完井技术的实际应用,同时说明能够对膨胀管施工效果产生影响的各类因素。旨在为相关工作的开展提供参考,从整体上提升小井眼膨胀管钻完井技术施工成功率。     

5″×7″膨胀式尾管挂在BZ25-1-A6/A10小井眼的应用

当前渤海小井眼钻井发展状况,深井比例增加,井深结构需要,小井眼是深井处理复杂的有效的后续手段,常规尾管悬挂器缺点多,外部结构复杂存在提前坐挂,脱手不易判断问题,BZ34-4P3S4井固井后发生了送入工具与尾管挂无法脱手问题,在试图将尾管串起出的过程中,尾管串及悬挂器与送入工具脱开,落入井内的事故。膨胀式尾管悬挂器在BZ25-1A6和A10井6"小井眼的试用。     

乌兹别克斯坦吉达-3井井下复杂处理及启示

吉达-3井是中油国际丝路公司在乌兹别克斯坦所钻的第一口深探井,设计井深5 900m。2008年10月16日用密度为1.68g/cm3的泥浆钻进至井深5 792m。地质循环发现气测异常,并有溢流。压井过程中,发生卡钻,大大增加了压井作业的难度。随后的压井及解卡过程中,由于钻头水眼被堵,被迫倒扣解卡。经过多方努力,于12月1日第二次打水泥塞获得成功。简要分析了吉达-3井在处理事故中的一些做法及从中获得的启示,对日后深井井下复杂处理会有所借鉴。     

塔河油田TH12518CH井小井眼侧钻工艺浅谈

侧钻水平井是老区挖潜、增储上产的有效手段之一,可以大幅度提高单井产量和采收率;盐下井小井眼侧钻水平井钻井技术是套管磨铣技术、小井眼侧钻水平井钻井技术的有机结合,施工难度大.文章以TH12518CH井侧钻为例,分析了该类型老井侧钻面临的难题,并提出了相应的解决措施.     

水平井高研磨性产层小井眼氮气钻井实践

在产层中进行小井眼氮气钻井将面临井控、钻头使用、轨迹监测等难题。此类地层上采用小井眼氮气钻井在工艺技术上是可行的,能大幅度提高钻井速度。在龙002-4-X2井钻进时提高钻速的同时还直观有效地发现了一个气层,并确定了珍珠冲段的含水层深度。     

防漏堵漏技术及循环堵漏短节在渤海潜山的应用

井漏是钻井作业中常见的复杂情况,处理不当会直接导致井塌、卡钻或者井喷事故。在渤海13区块探井和开发井作业中累计钻井9口,钻遇潜山地层均出现了或多或少的井漏问题。针对潜山地层物性特点,在井身结构设计方面,通过对地层三压力曲线分析,采用5级井身结构,实现东二段高压井段(孔隙压力系数1.35)与潜山低压段(孔隙压力系数1.10)分隔。在钻井液方面,在采用低密度的同时提高泥饼承压能力,并加入随钻封堵材料;在工具应用方面,采用Φ127.0mm循环堵漏短节配合螺杆马达钻具,成功实现了Φ152.4mm小井眼潜山地层高效钻进并形成了一套渤海潜山防漏、堵漏技术。     

渤中某深井套管阻卡原因及应对措施分析

随着钻完井技术的不断进步和油藏开发的需要,大斜度井、水平井及小井眼大曲率侧钻井等越来越多,在此种情况下,硬地层曲率井眼中下套管柱的遇阻卡现象随之增多。渤中某井定向井完钻井深达到4 716.0m,在Φ177.8mm套管在下入过程中阻卡,处理较为困难。从套管柱不同受力状态下的弯曲挠度变化和振动载荷等方面分析在硬地层曲率井眼中下套管柱出现遇阻时容易卡套管的原因,从而探索出处理套管下入时阻卡的处理操作细节,达到指导现场实际作业的目的。     

Algorithmic management in food-delivery platform economy in China

This article investigates the organisation of work under algorithmic control in the platform economy. Based on a 1-year ethnographic study conducted at top food-delivery platforms in China, this study finds two main mechanisms for organising labour under algorithmic management: the virtual organisation of labour and algorithm-driven labour process control. First, platform drivers are reorganised in an outsourced labour force, placed in application-based virtual-networked production under sophisticated technological infrastructure. Second, to habituate drivers to the virtual mode of production, food-delivery platforms utilise four algorithm-driven control techniques, which are identified as: smart machinery control, information monopoly, management by multi-stakeholders, and ‘carrots and sticks’. The findings highlight the process of algorithmic design in configuring a digital managerial ecosystem for platform governance and contribute to emerging debates on algorithmic management.     

Relating in business networks: Innovation in practice

Few studies have looked at the innovation process in the early stages of new business ventures in the context of business networks. Reporting on eight years of development of a new venture, we examine how the development of initial business relationships in an ever-changing business network affects technological innovation. We conclude that technological innovation is contingent on the development of business relationships that are a critical mechanism permitting a new venture not only to access but also to produce knowledge essential for innovating. For management this implies the need to strike a judicious balance between internal focus and closure to produce novel solutions and external focus and openness to experiment in business relationships.     

我国新型增塑剂亟待开发

10月25日，国家质检总局发出公告：今后将禁止含有DEHA等不符合强制性国家标准规定的物质或氯乙烯单体含量超标的食品保鲜膜进口、出口。这是继今年5月、8月欧盟称中国出口的塑料玩具、套装自行车修理工具、管装橡胶溶液分别含有领苯二甲酸盐酯、苯等增塑剂超标，并据此在欧盟范围内对这些产品发出消费警告后，我国在国内范围对增塑剂产品的一次清理整顿。     

Use of rules in decision-making in government outsourcing

The paper reports research on the nature of use of rules in decision making process by government entities in outsourcing commercial activities. The study used multiple data sources such as in-depth personal interviews of multiple categories of respondents, documentary evidence, and observation. The findings indicated that Government organizations use un-written ground rules as the main means of managing outsourcing processes.     

Conceptual problems in nutrition education in Western Nigeria

A pilot survey of the factors affecting infant feeding practices in rural Western Nigeria highlights intercultural perceptual problems. Results show widespread use of imported, high cost carbohydrate foods and great resistance to the early introduction of local health protective items. It is commonly thought that "too much food" is bad for a child. Staff responsible for health education are held in a degree of disrepute not conducive to the acceptance of their educational efforts in the community. Recommendations include control of advertising; reviewed staff orientation and training; and an intensive campaign to reestablish breast feeding as the cultural norm. No data is presented on feeding of fluids (breast milk, additional milk, boiled water and glucose in water) and nonfluids (imported carbohydrate, local carbohydrate, local protein and fruits and vegetables) based on the mother's estimate of the age of a baby shown in a photograph. Approximate market prices of imported commodities commonly used for infant feeding in the study area are also included.     

现场总线在实验室净化水系统中的应用

详述了基于PROFIBUS现场总线技术的可编程逻辑控制器PLC监控网络的实现,以及上位机使用WinCC组态软件实现对下位机的监测和控制,并完成了对现场数据的实时采集和处理的实现过程。     

Portfolio assessment in practice in engineering

Summary A portfolio assessment scheme, introduced for one course in 1990 in the School of Engineering, Sheffield Hallam University is proving to be both a stimulus and support for change. The scheme is described and its impact discussed in terms of staff development, the student experience and curriculum development.