共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Jeffrey M. Lacker John A. Weinberg 《The GENEVA Papers on Risk and Insurance - Theory》1999,24(1):5-17
We reexamine the canonical adverse selection insurance economy first studied by Rothschild and Stiglitz [1976]. We define blocking in a way that takes private information into account and define a coalition-proof correspondence as a mapping from coalitions to allocations with the property that allocations are in the correspondence, if and only if, they are not blocked by any other allocations in the correspondence for any subcoalition. We prove that the Miyazaki allocation—the Pareto-optimal allocation (possibly cross-subsidized) most preferred by low-risk agents—is coalition-proof. 相似文献
2.
随着社会经济的进步与发展,提供社会保险日益成为现代政府的重要任务,而信息不对称带来的逆向选择这一市场失灵问题是政府提供社会保险的主要经济依据之一。由此,近年来国际学术界涌现出一大批关于社会保险市场上逆向选择与公共政策干预问题的研究文献,在将理论与数据相结合以分析公共政策的福利影响方面出现了很多研究进展。本文就尝试对这一领域的研究进行总结与分析,为国内学术研究的开展与公共经济政策的设计提供有益借鉴。 相似文献
3.
论存款保险制度下的风险防范 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
存款保险制度是一种金融保障制度。建立存款保险制度有利于降低金融风险,防止挤兑发生及危机扩散。当个别银行出现流动性风险时,存款人因为有了相关的法律制度作保证,不再产生巨大的恐惧心理,能避免发生挤兑风潮。同时,建立存款保险制度有利于保护存款人的利益。在投保银行面临支付危机时提供救助,在投保银行破产倒闭时依法清偿存款人的存款,从而保护了存款人的利益。 相似文献
4.
On-demand insurance is an innovative business model from the InsurTech space, which provides coverage for episodic risks. It makes use of a simple fact in a practical way: People differ in their frequency of exposure as well as the probability of loss. The extra dimension of heterogeneity can be used to screen the insured and shifts the utility-possibility frontier outward. We provide a sufficient condition under which type-specific full insurance at the actuarially fair price is incentive compatible. We also show that our results hold for various real-world implementations of on-demand insurance. 相似文献
5.
Peter Paul Klein Richard van Kleef Josefa Henriquez Francesco Paolucci 《The Journal of risk and insurance》2023,90(1):59-91
Many regulated health insurance markets include risk adjustment (aka risk equalization) to mitigate selection incentives for insurers. Empirical studies on the design and evaluation of risk-adjustment algorithms typically focus on mandatory health insurance schemes. This paper considers risk adjustment in the context of voluntary health insurance, as found in Chile, Ireland, and Australia. In addition to the challenge of mitigating selection by insurers, regulators of these voluntary schemes have to deal with selection by consumers in and out of the market. A strategy for mitigating selection by consumers is to apply some form of risk rating. Our paper shows how risk adjustment and risk rating interact: (1) risk rating reduces the need for risk adjustment and (2) risk adjustment reduces premium variation across rating factors, thereby increasing incentives for consumers to select in and out of the market. 相似文献
6.
民以食为天:关于农业保险研究的一个文献综述 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文对有关农业保险的中外历史文献进行了全面回顾,并在此基础上评估和回答了可能会影响中国农业保险试验的若干问题:第一,为什么会有农业保险?第二,农业保险市场为什么会失灵?为什么各国政府都对农业保险大加补贴?而农民对待农业保险又会有怎样的反应?第三,既然农业保险产品设计的核心问题是费率厘定,那么有关此项的研究有哪些进展?第四,中国政府在发展农业保险的过程中,尤其需要注意哪些事项?本文的目的在于,提醒各级政府部门要积极参与农业保险试点,认真解决试点过程中发现的各种问题,立足长远,真正建立起农业保险这个褔惠三农的风险保障机制。 相似文献
7.
在保险市场中,投保人比保险人更了解自己的风险状况,保险双方之间的这种信息不对称难以避免地会产生逆向选择问题,于是在保险人混同定价的情形下,低风险投保人要承受过高的费率而受损,高风险投保人因保险成本过低而削弱控制风险的激励,导致整个市场资源配置低效甚至因逆向选择螺旋而崩溃。通过引入信号传递机制来实现保险市场的分离定价,从... 相似文献
8.
普惠型医疗保险发展:实践困境与优化方向 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
近年来,普惠型医疗保险成为多层次医疗保障体系发展的一大热点。文章首先介绍了中国普惠型医疗保险的发展现状及主要特点,其次通过对国内部分保险公司线上及线下调研,发现当前普惠型医疗保险发展面临配套法律法规有待健全、市场认可度普遍偏低、可持续经营能力不强、保险效果低水平重复、相关主体联动不足等困境。进一步分析美国、英国、德国、新加坡相关经验,提出具体的优化路径:以优化顶层设计为立足点,提高保险规制水平;以强化市场环境建设为切入点,提升市场认可度;以优化运行模式为突破点,激发保险生命力;以设计差异化产品为关键点,强化保险增补性;以建立联通机制为动力点,提高相关主体协同度。 相似文献
9.
Didier Richaudeau 《The GENEVA Papers on Risk and Insurance - Theory》1999,24(1):97-114
Insurance has for a long time been perceived as a way of transferring responsibility from insured agents to insurers and thus as potentially influencing insured agents' behavior. Two particular opportunistic behaviors have been analyzed. First, the theory of adverse selection predicts that high-risk agents are likely to demand more insurance than are low-risk agents. Second, the theory of moral hazard predicts that the wider the insurance coverage, the less agents will try to prevent accidents. Both theories thus conclude that agents who are totally insured should have a higher probability of accident than those with only partial insurance, ceteris paribus. Nevertheless, one of the aims of insurance rating systems is to control for these opportunistic behaviors. In this article, we use individual data to see if the French automobile insurance rating system has achieved this aim. We do this using a two-step maximum-likelihood method. First, we compute a probit model to estimate the probability of taking out comprehensive versus third-party insurance. We then calculate the generalized residual, which is included as an independent variable in a negative binomial model estimating the probability of having an accident. The coefficient of this variable is argued to represent adverse selection and ex-ante moral-hazard behavior. 相似文献
10.
我国商业医疗保险中的道德风险及对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
医疗行为的信息不对称以及疾病的客观性、严重性、复杂性、多样性等本质特征导致医疗保险成为道德风险发生频率最高、造成损失最大、又最难以有效规避风险的险种。道德风险是医疗保险市场失灵的重要表现。本文通过分析我国医疗保险市场逆选择和事后道德风险的不同形成原因,以期探讨有效的风险控制方法,从而降低商业医疗保险的经营风险,为促进其合理发展并最终满足居民更全面的健康需求提供帮助。 相似文献
11.
游春 《上海金融学院学报》2010,(6):49-53
2006年上海试点的“严重药品不良反应综合保险”初探市场,未能实现药企蜂拥而至的期望局面,而是十分落寂地收场。药品不良反应保险救济机制一直未能实现,已成为我国医药业一大难题。本文通过对药品不良反应定义的分析,探析了我国建立药品不良反应保险救济机制的可行性,再结合近期的“严重药品不良反应综合保险”的失败经验,提出了完善救济制度、累积相关数据、建立鉴定委员会、政府补贴并强制购买等相关的政策与建议。 相似文献
12.
13.
疫苗不良反应损害救济关系到国家免疫规划的成败和人民群众的切身利益。政府补偿、专门基金赔偿、相互保险公司及商业保险都可以成为疫苗不良反应的救济方式,但根据我国的实际情况,这些方式均存在一定的不足。结合机动车交通事故责任强制保险的经验,建立国家、疫苗生产经营企业、受种者个人共同分担,社会医疗保险、强制保险与商业保险相结合的疫苗不良反应损害救济机制是当然的路径选择。 相似文献
14.
Benjamin Handel Nianyi Hong Lynn M. Hua Yuki Ito 《The Journal of risk and insurance》2023,90(1):93-121
Risk-adjustment policies, which transfer money from insurers with healthy consumers to those with sick consumers, are an important tool to contend with adverse selection in health insurance markets. While the steady-state properties of risk-adjustment have been studied extensively, there is less evidence on the transition phase of policy implementation. We study the introduction and removal of risk-adjustment at California Public Employees' Retirement System and show that these changes meaningfully impact premiums via plan differences in enrollee health status. Despite these premium differences, there is limited consumer resorting due to consumer inertia, though new active enrollees respond more fluidly. We show that, with inertial consumers, risk-adjustment changes have substantial distributional consequences, leading to worse outcomes for sicker consumers when removed and vice-versa when implemented. We estimate a model of plan choice with premium sensitivity, brand preferences, and inertia and use these estimates to study the interaction between risk-adjustment policies and the strength of inertia. 相似文献
15.
Brickman David M. Hendershott Patric H. 《The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics》2000,21(2):153-174
When interest rates decline, borrowers whose houses have appreciated significantly refinance out of FHA, while those whose houses have not do not. We provide evidence of the negative impact of regular (nonstreamline) refinancing in the mid-1980s on the average quality of FHA's surviving business. We demonstrate this adverse selection both informally and econometrically. We also argue that the sharp reduction in the cost of streamline refinancing (limited documentation, no required appraisal, and so on) in FHA's streamline refinance program in 1992 likely reduced the level of adverse selection in the FHA portfolio during the 1993 to 1994 refinancing boom, and we provide quantitative estimates of the resultant reduction in claim rates. While this reduction in cost almost certainly increased the financial viability of FHA during the middle 1990s, it may not in the long run. 相似文献
16.
本文按照开放、共赢、与时俱进的思路,借鉴国际经验、结合中国国情,提出中国保险业在2012年~2020年进一步对外开放三个发展阶段中的六大战略:即股权结构战略、业务准入战略、外资保险区域平衡发展战略、外资保险供给结构平衡发展战略、\"走出去\"战略和金融业协同开放战略。保险业的对外开放是一个复杂而宏大的工程,它需要学界、业界和监管部门各方以谨慎的态度、科学的思维和探索的精神共同研究。本文提供一些可资参考的战略思路,为中国保险业适应国际环境和中国改革开放的大背景而实施的进一步开放提供决策依据。 相似文献
17.
本文以中国的健康险市场为例,考察不对称信息的影响。通过考察投保人投保金额以及附加险选择和索赔情况的相关关系,论文发现事后出现索赔的投保人,事前往往会选择购买附加险,但是投保金额却相对较低。结合理论模型分析,论文认为投保人在财富、风险偏好等方面的异质性以及信息不对称的存在是导致市场同时出现逆向选择和正向选择的主要原因。 相似文献
18.
The peer effect may amplify adverse selection in social networks, hampering the sustainable operation of microinsurance. This paper uses data from a micro health insurance program in Pakistan to test for the peer effect in renewal decisions and the role it plays in amplifying adverse selection within social networks. The paper finds evidence supporting that insurance renewal decisions are similar among peers in the same network, and the peer effect is stronger among households of the same risk type than households of different risk types, indicating that the heterogeneous peer effect acts as an amplifier for adverse selection. The paper provides policy implications for effective ways to mitigate the peer effect and adverse selection, based on the results of heterogeneity analyses. The policy recommendation is to enforce a minimum group enrollment rate requirement of at least 60% for large groups to mitigate the peer effect. 相似文献
19.
Ronald J. Balvers John Affleck-Graves Robert E. Miller Kevin Scanlon 《Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting》1993,3(2):221-239
In this paper we generalize Rock's theory regarding the underpricing of IPOs. In Rock's model, informed investors have a firm-specific
informational advantage pertaining to a firm's cash flow. We derive the new results that the level of beta and the size of
the market risk premium positively affect underpricing. These implications extend the adverse selection theory and further
distinguish this theory from the current state of signalling theories of underpricing. The results put the “hot and cold”
issue markets phenomenon in a theoretical context. Empirical results are consistent with the theoretical propositions and
provide support for Rock's theory of underpricing. 相似文献
20.
Yukihiro Nishimura 《International Tax and Public Finance》2009,16(2):176-197
This paper extends the analysis of optimal income taxation under uncertainty studied by Cremer and Pestieau (International Tax and Public Finance, 3, 281–295, 1996). We introduce asymmetric information in the insurance market whereby private insurance companies cannot identify the risk
probability of the agents, and we examine its effect on public policy. We consider the separating equilibrium of Rothschild
and Stiglitz (Quarterly Journal of Economics, 90, 629–649, 1976) and Riley (Econometrica, 47, 331–359, 1979) where the low risk agent is only partially insured. The presence of the distortion in the insurance market changes the affinity
of labor, and in some cases, we show that the scope of redistribution and the resulting social welfare are higher under asymmetric
information than under full information. We also show that the increase in social insurance affects the utility and labor
incentive of the low risk type by relaxing the self-selection constraint in the insurance market. The policy implications
of the redistributive taxation and social insurance are analytically and numerically examined.
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