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1.
This study applies a hidden Markov chain model in quality function deployment to analyze dynamic customer requirements from
probabilities viewpoints. In reality, the needed probabilities can be computed based upon the experts’ opinions for economic
conditions as well as the customers’ surveys by asking customers’ preferences under different economic conditions. Each customer
requirement can be analyzed as time goes by. In addition, the changes for each technical measure can be closely examined from
time to time. More importantly, when new customers’ surveys are conducted and available as well as the new economic conditions
analyzed by experts have been updated, both customer requirements and technical measures can be adjusted in a timely basis
to reflect and fulfill the dynamic customer requirements. As a result, this proposed approach provides a decision maker to
analyze and satisfy both past and present customer needs early on such that a better strategy can be made based upon the most
updated customers’ surveys and economic conditions. 相似文献
2.
In this paper a sufficient condition for the identifiability of finite mixtures is given. This condition is less restrictive than Teicher’s condition Teicher H, Ann Math Stat 34:1265–1269 (1963) and therefore it can be applied to a wider range of families of mixtures. In particular, it applies to the classes of all finite mixtures of Log-gamma and of reversed Log-gamma distributions. These families have been already studied by Henna J Jpn Stat Soc 24:193–200 (1994) using another condition, different from Teicher’s, but more difficult to check in many cases. Furthermore, the result given in this paper is very appropiated for the case of mixtures of the union of different distribution families. To illustrate this an application to the class of all finite mixtures generated by the union of Lognormal, Gamma and Weibull distributions is given, where Teicher’s and Henna’s conditions are not applicable 相似文献
3.
We propose a new family of copulas generalizing the Farlie–Gumbel–Morgenstern family and generated by two univariate functions.
The main feature of this family is to permit the modeling of high positive dependence. In particular, it is established that
the range of the Spearman’s Rho is [ − 3/4,1] and that the upper tail dependence coefficient can reach any value in [0,1].
Necessary and sufficient conditions are given on the generating functions in order to obtain various dependence properties.
Some examples of parametric subfamilies are provided. 相似文献
4.
We analyse questions of arbitrage in financial markets in which asset prices change in time as stationary stochastic processes.
The main focus of the paper is on a model where the price vectors are independent and identically distributed. In the framework
of this model, we find conditions that are necessary and sufficient for the absence of arbitrage opportunities. We discuss
the relations between the results obtained and the phenomenon of “volatility-induced growth” in stationary markets.
Financial support by the Swiss National Center of Competence in Research “Financial Valuation and Risk Management” (NCCR FINRISK)
is gratefully acknowledged. 相似文献
5.
A Bayesian-like estimator of the process capability index Cpmk 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Pearn et al. (1992) proposed the capability index Cpmk, and investigated the statistical properties of its natural estimator for stable normal processes with constant mean μ. Chen and Hsu (1995) showed that under general conditions the asymptotic
distribution of is normal if μ≠m, and is a linear combination of the normal and the folded-normal distributions if μ=m, where m is the mid-point
between the upper and the lower specification limits. In this paper, we consider a new estimator for stable processes under a different (more realistic) condition on process mean, namely, P (μ≥m)=p, 0≤p≤1. We obtain the
exact distribution, the expected value, and the variance of under normality assumption. We show that for P (μ≥m)=0, or 1, the new estimator is the MLE of Cpmk, which is asymptotically efficient. In addition, we show that under general conditions is consistent and is asymptotically unbiased. We also show that the asymptotic distribution of is a mixture of two normal distributions.
RID="*"
ID="*" The research was partially supported by National Science Council of the Republic of China (NSC-89-2213-E-346-003). 相似文献
6.
We study the local turnpike property for two classes of infinite-horizon discrete-time deterministic maximization problems
which have common applications, e.g., optimal growth theory. We follow a functional-analytic approach and rely on an implicit
function theorem for the space of the sequences which converge to zero. We shall assume the existence of an optimal path which
is not necessarily a steady-state. Relying on material developped in Blot and Crettez (Decis Econo Finance 27:1–34, 2004),
“On the smoothness of optimal paths” Decis Econ Finance, 21:1–34, 2004), we provide conditions under which a variation in
the initial conditions (i.e., capital stock and discount rate) yields an optimal solution which converges toward a reference
solution when time becomes infinite. We also provide new results on bounded solutions of difference equations.
We gratefully thank the editor, Silvano Holzer, and two anonymous referees for remarks and advices on a previous version of
this paper. 相似文献
7.
Summary The object of this paper is to show that — under certain regularity conditions — a dominated family of probability measures
with Euclidean parameter space behaves approximately like a family of normal distributions if each probability measure is
the independent product of a great number of identical components.
The paper was written while this author was employed by a grant of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. 相似文献
8.
In this paper, we apply empirical likelihood method to study the semi-parametric varying-coefficient partially linear errors-in-variables
models. Empirical log-likelihood ratio statistic for the unknown parameter β, which is of primary interest, is suggested. We show that the proposed statistic is asymptotically standard chi-square distribution
under some suitable conditions, and hence it can be used to construct the confidence region for the parameter β. Some simulations indicate that, in terms of coverage probabilities and average lengths of the confidence intervals, the
proposed method performs better than the least-squares method. We also give the maximum empirical likelihood estimator (MELE)
for the unknown parameter β, and prove the MELE is asymptotically normal under some suitable conditions. 相似文献
9.
In situations of imperfect testing and communication, as suggested by Sah and Stiglitz (AER, 1986), organizational forms
can be identified with different rules of aggregating evaluations of individual screening units. In this paper, we discuss
the relative merits of polyarchical organizations versus hierarchical organizations in evaluating cost-reducing R&D projects
when individual units' decision thresholds are fully endogenous. Contrary to the results of Sah and Stiglitz, we find that
the relative merit of an organizational form depends on the curvature of the screening functions of the individual evaluation
units. We find that for certain parameters organizations would want to implement asymmetric decision rules across screening
units. This allows us to derive sufficient conditions for a polyarchy to dominate a hierarchy. We also find conditions for
which the cost curves associated with the two organizational forms cross each other. In this case the optimal organizational
form will depend on product market conditions and on the “lumpiness” of cost-reducing R&D. 相似文献
10.
Sandrine Ollier 《Review of Economic Design》2007,11(1):1-11
Faynzilberg and Kumar (Rev Econ Design 5(1):23–58, 2000) show that the usual Mirrlees–Rogerson conditions to validate the
first-order approach in moral hazard agency models are no longer valid in the generalized agency case. They consider the risk-averse
agent case and identify one set of technological conditions, where the production technology satisfies the linear distribution
function condition in actions and types, that validates ex-ante the first-order approach. With the usefulness of their decomposition approach, we show that the first-order approach in the
generalized agency case can be checked ex-ante under the Mirrlees–Rogerson conditions when the agent is risk-neutral but there is a binding limited liability constraint on the agent’s wage.
相似文献
11.
油田开展的精细分层注水需要对注水井封隔器在井下各工况的位移进行磁定位测量。本文研究了磁定位测井原理,分析了磁定位校电缆、测井过程测量误差的影响因素,确定了系统性误差与随机性误差的组成。制定了封隔器在井下各工况相对于自由悬挂状态的位移的测试方案。该方案抵消了系统误差,将封隔器位移的误差范围控制在±0.15米以内。采用该方案测试了某井五个封隔器在不同工况下的位移。 相似文献
12.
J. K. Goyal 《Metrika》1967,11(1):157-167
Summary In this paper the time-dependent solution of a queueing system is discussed under the conditions (i) the units arrive according
to Hyper-Poisson distribution withl branches (ii) the queue-discipline is ‘first come first served’ (iii) the Service-time distribution is exponential with maximum
capacity ofM units being served at one instant. Some results have been obtained when the waiting space is finite; in particular the probability
for service to be idle has been obtained. Also for infinite queueing-space case, the expressions for the state probabilities
and the mean queuelength under steady state conditions have been found. 相似文献
13.
Summary For a linear modelY =ϑ + Z,ϑ ∈V,V ⊂ ℝ
n
a linear space, the following theorem is proved under simple conditions on the subspaceV: The projection onV (i.e. the least squares estimate forϑ) is a sufficient statistic iffZ is normally distributed. Further, this result is extended to the case of a multivariate linear model. 相似文献
14.
Dr. I. Klein 《Metrika》1987,34(1):167-175
Summary In this paper conditions will be derived under which two measurement scales are of the same type. To this end the concepts
of a regular measurement system, an irreducible relational system, and an exact definition of the type of a scale are introduced.
It will be proved that in the case of fundamental measurement regularity of a measurement system, irreducibility of the corresponding
relational system, and the restriction on isomorphic representations are closely related. Finally, some remarks about the
group-theoretic foundations of Narens “Theory of Possible Scale Types” will be made. 相似文献
15.
C. Jill Stowe 《Economics of Governance》2009,10(2):147-164
This paper incorporates morale into a standard principal-agent model. When morale is observable, the worker’s effort level,
the optimal piece rate, and the firm’s expected profits are all generally increasing in the worker’s level of morale. Furthermore,
under reasonable conditions, higher-morale individuals are more responsive to incentives. Finally, when considering morale
interdependence, conditions are derived which determine optimal organization strategies in terms of pooling or separating
workers, and corresponding staffing policies are discussed.
相似文献
16.
A method to obtain new copulas from a given one 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Patricia Mariela Morillas 《Metrika》2005,61(2):169-184
Given a strictly increasing continuous function φ from [0, 1] to [0, 1] and its pseudo-inverse φ[−1], conditions that φ must satisfy for Cφ(x1, . . . ,xn)=φ[−1](C(φ(x1), . . . ,φ(xn))) to be a copula for any copula C are studied. Some basic properties of the copulas obtained in this way are analyzed and
several examples of generator functions φ that can be used to construct copulas Cφ are presented. In this manner, a method to obtain from a given copula C a variety of new copulas is provided. This method
generalizes that used to construct Archimedean copulas in which the original copula C is the product copula, and it is related
with mixtures 相似文献
17.
Prof. Dr. J. Pfanzagl 《Metrika》1969,14(1):249-272
Summary The concept of minimum contrast (m.c.) estimates used in this paper covers maximum likelihood (m.l.) estimates as a special
case. Section 1 contains sufficient conditions for the existence of measurable m.c. estimates and for their consistency.
The application of these results to m.l. estimates (section 2) yields the existence of m.l. estimates for families ofp-measures (probability measures) which are compact metric or locally compact with countable base, admitting upper semicontinuous
densities, whereas the classical results refer to continuous densities. This generalization is insofar of interest as upper
semicontinuous versions of the densities exist whenever the densities areμ-upper semicontinuous (whereasμ-continuity does not, in general, entail the existence of continuous versions).
Under appropriate regularity conditions, consistency of asymptotic maximum likelihood estimates is proven for compact (and
also locally compact) separable metric families ofp-measures with upper semicontinuous densities and for arbitrary families having uniformly continuous densities with respect
to the uniformity of vague convergence. The conditions sufficient for consistency are shown “indispensable” by counterexamples.
Section 3 contains auxiliary results. Besides their relevance for sections 1 and 2, some of them may also be of interest in
themselves, e.g. Theorem (3.4) on the selection of semicontinuous functions from semicontinuous equivalence classes. 相似文献
18.
Much of the current empirical literature on academic spin-off formation focuses either on relevant framework conditions or
on the potential academic entrepreneurs’ opportunity-seeking process. The interdependency of these two important factors,
in contrast, remains understudied, even though it is theoretically well established in general entrepreneurship literature.
Against this background this article makes the case for an integrated consideration of motivation and framework conditions.
It demonstrates how this approach can convincingly explain changes in prevalent modes of spin-off creation in developing and
transforming economies. To do so, data from 68 academic spin-off enterprises from China are investigated. 相似文献
19.
Summary A general class of estimators for estimating the population mean of the character under study which make use of auxiliary
information is proposed. Under simple random sampling without replacement (SRSWOR), the expressions of Bias and Mean Square
Error (MSE), up to the first and the second degrees of approximation are derived. General conditions, up to the first order
approximation, are also obtained under which any member of this class performs more efficiently than the mean per unit estimator,
the ratio estimator and the product estimator. The class of estimators in its optimum case, under the first degree approximation,
is discussed. It is shown that it is not possible to obtain optimum values of parameters “a”, “b” and “p”, that are independent of each other. However, the optimum relation among them is given by (b−a)p=ρ C
y/C
x. Under this condition, the expression of MSE of the class is that of the linear regression estimator. 相似文献
20.
M-estimators and M-kernel estimators with a redescending ψ-function are not in general consistent. This is often handled by
means of coupling the estimator to a consistent one. Coupling the estimator to the (inconsistent) starting point improves
the jump preserving properties. However, the consistency depends heavily on the shape of the density of the residuals. This
paper shows inconsistency under convenient conditions as well as consistency – even at jump points – under somewhat stronger
conditions.
Research supported by the Friedrich Ebert Foundation and by grant Mu 1031/4-1/2 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft 相似文献