环境治理中地方政府与中央政府博弈行为研究

文章从环境治理中地方政府与中央政府的规制行为差异出发,指出了地方政府环境规制失灵的原因,运用简易模型,分析了地方政府与中央政府的博弈行为,然后提出了遏制地方政府环境政策执行当中出现不严格监管现象的政策建议。     

我国自然垄断行业的政府规制

以自然垄断与政府规制的相关性分析为基础,分析政府规制在自然垄断行业中失灵的表现及原因,并提出纠正政府规制失灵的政策建议。     

中国式财政分权、公众参与和环境规制——基于1997—2011年中国30个省份的实证研究

选取中国30个省份1997—2011年的相关数据,运用动态面板模型回归分析中国式财政分权和公众参与对环境规制水平的影响发现：目前,公众参与通过中国式财政分权间接影响着地方的环境规制水平,其直接影响并不显著;财政分权不利于地方环境规制水平的提高;分权程度的降低有利于公众参与作用的发挥。因此,中央政府在对地方进行分权时,应该适当参与地方环境的管理,在对地方官员进行提拔时,也要考虑公众对地方环境的诉求。另外,政府要增加公众直接参与环境管理的权利,充分发挥公众对地方环境政策的影响。     

论组合优化出让规制下的地价博弈均衡与对策

作为中国住宅商品重要投入要素的土地,其价格对房价的影响不可小觑,而转型期地方政府有形之手及土地自身固有特性导致的土地市场失灵和地价失效,必须通过政府之手实行价格经济规制再造,以达到市场的理性回归.本文从利益各方地价博弈视角切入,构建中央与地方、地方政府与开发企业间的地价博弈模型,由于利益各方博弈行动相互牵制,纳什均衡结果表明中央政府为了稳定房地产价格须采取组合优化供给地价规制,实现土地市场的平稳发展,而地方政府则退而求其次,采取组合优化出让土地,迎合中央地价规制政策,实现自身目标效用的次优化.在地方政府与企业的土地出让博弈中,唯有采用组合优化土地供给规制方式,加大土地招标出让方式的比重,才能达到规制地价的效果.     

房地产业政府规制失灵的原因及解决路径——以武汉地区房地产业为例

目前我国的房地产业进入了一个快速发展的时期,但其中也出现了许多亟待解决的问题。文章从分析政府对房地产业出台的相应政策入手,找出房地产业政府规制失灵的原因,并在此基础上提出了可行的政策改进建议。     

房地产业政府规制失灵的原因及解决路径——以武汉地区房地产业为例

目前我国的房地产业进入了一个快速发展的时期，但其中也出现了许多亟待解决的问题。文章从分析政府对房地产业出台的相应政策入手，找出房地产业政府规制失灵的原因，并在此基础上提出了可行的政策改进建议。     

关于我国职业安全政府规制失灵现象的思考

我国职业安全问题形势严峻,重大安全事故和职业病事件屡屡发生,造成了巨大的社会成本浪费,虽然我国政府规制体制早已建立但政府规制失灵的现象依然存在,和谐社会的建立需要职业安全问题的解决,本文对政府失灵进行了思考,并提出了对策建议。     

地方政府竞争、环境规制与我国污染排放北大核心

基于2000~2017年我国省际面板数据,采用系统GMM模型和面板门槛模型,研究地方政府竞争、环境规制对我国污染排放的影响。研究表明:地方政府为了追赶周边省份或者经济发展水平最高的省份,制定的地方政策促进了污染排放;环境规制依旧是减少污染排放的强有力手段;地方政府竞争与环境规制的交互项对污染排放具有促进作用。此外,外商直接投资的提高有效抑制了污染排放,进一步支持了"污染光环"假说;人口密集度和我国的工业化进程在一定程度上促进了污染排放,而技术创新可有效抑制污染排放。分区域检验表明,当将环境规制作为门槛变量时,不论东部地区还是中西部地区,地方政府竞争都显著促进了污染排放。     

土地利用规制强化与供给过剩并存的解析及修正

土地用途和供给数量规制是地方政府管理土地市场的主要政策工具。规制的强化意味着供给减少,从而影响房地产价格。然而,在中国一些大城市存在的现象是土地规制强化与供给过剩并存,在市场形成房价上涨预期、地方政府土地收益有所增加的同时孕育了潜在的市场风险。在信息不对称条件下,规制强化与过剩供给将同时产生作用,土地价格有可能偏离正常水平。我国土地利用规制调控应注重:(1)辨识中国土地利用规制失灵的原因;(2)强化需求端管理,注重需求引导和分层次需求管理;(3)适度加大规制刚性,注重需求与供给在中长期尺度上的均衡;(4)谨慎开发金融工具。     

自然垄断中政府微观规制的失灵与政策分析

随着技术进步,自然垄断的边界也在不断改变。市场需求的扩大,自然垄断激励规制和一些竞争新理论的提出都为自然垄断产业规制改革和引入竞争创造了条件,规制失灵是引发规制改革的最主要原因和最强劲动力。本文以电信产业为案例,根据中国的实际状况,结合对经济发达国家政府电信和电力产业规制政策与规制改革的理论分析,提出了自然垄断产业发展与规制改革的相关产业组织政策。     

会计准则国际化与发展中的企业债券市场

我国企业债券市场的发展进程相对缓慢,过多的政府管制常被认为是主要原因。然而,一味放松管制未必能取得理想中的结果,管制的根本原因在于信息流通与定价阻碍。文章认为,会计准则国际化的影响不仅仅体现在企业层面,准则中全面的信息披露制度以及广泛地采用公允价值等基本理念,对于突破债券市场发展的信息缺乏、定价阻碍和评级失效等制度瓶颈具有根本的作用,并将积极促进债券市场的繁荣与发展。     

建立城市环境卫生长效管理机制

当前各地在改善城市环境卫生中常常不能持久稳定。作者根据实践经验 ,提出建立城市环境卫生长效管理运行机制 :由行政推动转向依法管理 ;由多头管理转向专业管理 ;由政府统包向市场运作转变。     

Product waste in the automotive industry: Technology and environmental management

In this article the changes in technology and industry structure forced by waste management in the automotive industry are explored. The analysis is based on (1) a characterisation of corporate response to environmental issues, and (2) the management of technology applied to the car manufacturing industry. It is argued that a more elaborate view of company reactions to governmental regulation of environmental issues has developed in recent years. Companies respond with pro-active strategies. Because of this active attitude environmental concerns influence other aspects of company policy, such as the management of technology. New strategies emerge which are not only a response to environmental problems, but might also influence the industrial structure for the future. The analysis is not only relevant for the automotive industry, but for other manufacturing industries as well. Government action puts waste management issues on the agenda of an increasing number of manufacturing firms that have to develop solutions for these in close cooperation with their suppliers and customers.     

Can Banks Self‐Regulate? Voluntary Agreements,Intrinsic Motivation and Games

This article argues that lessons on how to achieve a sustainable financial system can be learnt from the work done on sustainable commons (on common‐pool resources – CPRs – where there is no ‘tragedy of the commons’). Existing approaches to financial regulation may not give proper attention to available solutions. The article proposes that innovative solutions could be tested using experimental methods commonly used in CPRs: repeat run, feedback driven games.     

论我国第三方物流市场政府规制的完善

分析了我国第三方物流市场政府规制存在的问题。指出,完善第三方物流市场中的政府规制,应当构建系统的物流法律规制体系,强化政府规制的法治性;组建统一的物流执法机构,强化政府规制的权威性;建立多元的规制手段体系,强化政府规制的实效性;对行业协会的建立和发展予以引导和规范,强化行业自律。     

Web content mining for comparing corporate and third‐party online reporting: a case study on solid waste management

This study investigates the coverage of solid waste management on 1142 websites maintained by companies, news media and non‐governmental organizations to validate an automated approach to content and language analysis. First, a frequency analysis of waste management terms sheds light on the breadth and depth of their environmental discourses, revealing that corporate and media attention to waste management is small compared with that of non‐governmental organizations. Second, an investigation of their attitudes toward waste management suggests that companies avoid negative information in environmental communication, unlike news media or non‐governmental organizations. Ultimately, an automated tool for ontology building is employed to gain insights into companies' shared understanding of waste management. The ontology obtained indicates that companies conceptualize waste management as a business process rather than framing it from an ecological perspective, which is in line with findings from previous research. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

Environmental Regulation and Enterprise Innovation: A Review

The impact of environmental regulation on enterprise innovation is closely related to the competitiveness of the enterprise and sustainable development of the regional economy, but existing research does not provide a consistent view. This paper summarizes the impacts of environmental regulation on enterprise innovation from the perspectives of technological innovation, product innovation, system innovation and ecological innovation. We find that the impacts of environmental regulation on enterprise innovation behaviour are complex, and that the impacts can be reflected together by the four aspects above and even by their interaction. Moreover, the impacts are not limited to the creation of new technologies, products, and systems but also include their adoption and application. In particular, whether the Porter hypothesis is true and which versions of the Porter hypothesis environmental regulation causes in enterprise innovation depend on enterprise characteristics, means of environmental regulation, and enterprises' strategic behaviours in an enterprise ecosystem. Finally, we propose five potential research directions: quantifying the degree of enterprise innovation caused by environmental regulation, the impacts of environmental regulation on sustainable economic development from an enterprise ecosystem perspective, the impacts of enterprise innovation on environmental regulation, the role of enterprise initiative in the relationship between environmental regulation and enterprise innovation, and social security issues and the integration of eliminated enterprises resulting from environmental regulation.     

政府投资工程项目全过程造价控制与管理

论述了全过程造价控制的基本概念,从投资决策、设计、发包、施工及竣工结算等阶段分别论述了对政府投资项目进行全过程造价控制的措施。     

Environmental policies and financial performance: stock market reaction to firms for their proactive environmental practices recognized by governmental programs

Firms implement proactive environmental practices (PEPs), and governments in developing countries such as China implement environmental policies such as pilot and demonstration programs to promote these PEPs. However, it remains unclear whether and when firms recognized by such governmental programs improve financial performance. Using a sample of 233 firms recognized by a national Chinese government environmental program, event study is employed to estimate stock market reaction of recognized firms. The Heckman two-stage procedure is followed to examine the moderating effects. We find that the average stock market reaction is not significant. Cross-sectional analyses indicate that firms with earlier recognitions, recognized for demonstration projects (compared with pilot ones), and operating in more-polluting industries have greater market reactions, while types of PEPs (internal versus external), export intensity and government ownership (state-owned or not) do not moderate the market reaction. This paper provides implications for firms about whether and when they should participate in a government environmental program.