核心自我评价与个体创新行为:集体主义导向的调节作用

在区分个体创造力和创新的基础上,文章考察了225名企业员工的核心自我评价、集体主义导向与上司评定的创新行为的关系.结果表明个体创新过程中的创意产生和创意实施行为正相关;核心自我评价与创意产生正相关,但与创意实施无显著相关关系;集体主义导向在核心自我评价与创意产生和实施行为关系中均起调节作用:对集体主义导向较强的员工来说,核心自我评价对创新行为的影响反而较弱,对低集体主义导向的员工来说,核心自我评价对创新行为的影响则相对较强.文章最后对研究结果进行了讨论,并指出了研究的贡献与不足.     

我国银行业改革中的商业银行效率演进:基于M指数法的实证分析

本文利用基于DEA的曼奎斯特生产率指数法测算了1993-2006年我国商业银行曼奎斯特生产率指数、技术效率指数和技术进步指数,并时市场竞争度、所有权结构、银行初始效率水平与生产率增长、技术效率提高和技术进步的关系进行了实证检验.结果表明,商业化改革对我国商业银行全要素生产率变化具有显著影响:我国商业银行的生产率是增长的,1999年以前生产率增长主要源于技术进步带来的"追赶效应",1999年以后则源于技术进步带来的"前沿面移动效应";我国商业银行的生产率增长和技术效率提高有趋同的趋势,初始效率低的国有银行生产率增长和效率提高的速度快于效率较高的股份制银行;最后,本文发现市场竞争和产权结构都对商业银行生产率增长、效率提高和技术进步具有重要的影响.     

Ups and Downs: Emotional Dynamics in Negotiations and Their Effects on (In)Equity

Organizational scholars now acknowledge the relevance of emotions in virtually every aspect of organizational life, including negotiations and conflict resolution. Integrating negotiation phase model theory with social functional models of emotion, we test hypotheses about the development of emotions in negotiations and their effects on the degree of economic (in)equity of the counterpart’s subsequent offer during the actual negotiation process. By comparing stalemate dyads with efficient settlement dyads, the study identifies emotional dynamics that characterize successful as opposed to unsuccessful negotiations. Results show that observed differences are primarily the result of impasse dyads spiraling into a negative emotional climate rather than efficient settlement dyads having overall higher levels of positive emotions or increasing them throughout the negotiation process. As predicted by social functional models, the study further confirms that emotions are not only a reaction to the economic (un)fairness of a proposed offer, but their display also influences the payoff (in)equity of the counterpart’s subsequent offer. Whether a specific emotional expression increases or decreases the economic fairness of the counterpart’s subsequent offer, however, differs across negotiation phases and between dyads that reached an agreement or not. Furthermore, the results show distinct differences between emotions that address individual goal realization in negotiations and emotions that focus on the relational, interpersonal aspect of negotiations, both with regard to their development as well as their function. Taken together, the results shed light on the mechanisms leading to the emergence of conflict spirals.     

Group Processes and Performance and Their Effects on Individuals' Ethical Frameworks

This paper explores the influence of group context on the ethical predispositions of group members. Results indicate that groups exert a powerful influence on individuals' ethical frameworks, and that the patterns of these influences differ depending on the type of ethical framework involved. Individuals' ethical utilitarianism was affected by both leadership style and group cohesiveness. Ethical formalism was most affected by the leadership style in the group.     

产业集群的规模与效率影响

本文使用我国第一次经济普查和1998-2012年全部国有及规模以上工业企业数据,从规模和效率两个角度评估了制造业产业集群对企业和产业表现的影响.工具变量的估计结果显示,城市产业集群发展尽管显著促进了制造业企业就业和产出规模的扩张,但是没有带来企业生产效率的普遍提升.不同规模企业受集群发展的影响程度存在差异.集群发展对企业表现的促进作用主要被行业中处于关键地位的大企业所获得,中小企业的表现并没有得到显著改善,但是集群发展并非完全无益于中小企业.有关产业集群效应的机制分析结果显示,集群发展可通过弱化企业融资约束降低企业的投资和生产门槛,更多中小企业得以进入生产,带来城市-产业规模的扩张.     

The Effects of Offshoring to China: Reallocation,Employment and Productivity in Taiwan

We examine the extent to which outward FDI from Taiwan to mainland China has contributed to the rising unemployment rate in Taiwan. Further, it examines whether outward FDI has contributed to productivity growth in Taiwan, and the importance of linkages between sectors in determining these effects. We provide strong evidence that Taiwanese firms have increased their investments in China, and that this has lead to a reduction in employment in such sectors at home. Further, we show that these effects are also translated up the supply chain, such that outward FDI also leads to a reduction in employment upstream in the supply chain.     

中国知识产权海关保护、企业生产率与出口动态研究

随着高新技术产品对外贸易的快速增长,企业积极申报知识产权海关保护已成为提高产品附加值、反击侵权行为的有利武器。本文研究了中国知识产权海关保护对本国企业出口状态、出口退出和出口强度的影响,并检验了出口"生产率悖论"问题。研究结论表明企业申请知识产权海关保护有效地维持了企业持续出口状态,降低了企业出口退出风险,提升了企业出口强度。然而,企业生产率的提高却降低了企业出口强度,出现了出口"生产率悖论"问题。对此,即使企业在提高生产率的同时申报知识产权保护也不能得以解决。这反映出申报知识产权海关保护的企业数量过少,企业对申请知识产权海关保护重要性的认识不足,知识产权海关保护在促进出口上的作用还没有充分发挥。对此应加大政策宣传力度,提高企业申请知识产权海关保护的意识和主动性。     

大股东合作与竞争关系的一个博弈分析

公司治理文献对所有者与经营者和大股东与中小股东之间的利益冲突进行了广泛分析 ,但缺乏对大股东之间合作与竞争关系的研究。利用博弈理论 ,本文对大股东合作与竞争的可能性进行了理论分析。分析表明 :对于最大化自己收益的大股东而言 ,对长期收益和控制权潜在收益考虑得越多 ,则他们之间进行合作的可能性也越大 ,而相互竞争或不合作的可能性越小。所以 ,对于上市公司和宏观管理机构而言 ,鼓励大股东进行真诚合作并防止他们通过合谋而损害中小股东利益是十分必要的。     

跨国公司内部竞合的决定因素剖析

随着子公司对资源以及知识共享程度、价值链合理化程度、共同功能整合程度等的提高,无论是以双边还是多边的方式,外国子公司之间的合作性越来越强,目的是为了追逐协同效应;与此同时,它们还为了争夺母公司的资源、公司支持、系统定位以及市场扩张而进行竞争.这种跨国公司内部的"竞合"现象的出现也进一步表明了国际市场竞争的加剧,而影响跨国公司内部竞合关系的因素很多.随着跨国公司的进一步发展,对跨国公司内部子公司间的竞合会表现出越来越复杂的形式.     

Two Lighthouses to Navigate: Effects of Ideal and Counter-Ideal Values on Follower Identification and Satisfaction with Their Leaders

Ideals (or ideal values) help people to navigate in social life. They indicate at a very fundamental level what people are concerned about, what they strive for, and what they want to be affiliated with. Transferring this to a leader–follower analysis, our first study (n = 306) confirms that followers’ identification and satisfaction with their leaders are stronger, the more leaders match followers’ ideal leader values. Study 2 (n = 244) extends the perspective by introducing the novel concept of counter-ideals (i.e., how an ideal leader should not be) as a second, non-redundant point of reference. Results confirm that a leader’s match on ideal and on counter-ideal values have independent effects in that both explain unique variance in followers’ identification and satisfaction with their leader. Study 3 (n = 136) replicates the previous results in an experimental scenario study and provides evidence for the proposed causal direction of the underlying process. We conclude that counter-ideal values might be an additional point of reference that people use to triangulate targets above and beyond ideal values and discuss the implications of our findings for value research and management.     

国际能源竞争与合作

能源短缺已成为制约中国经济持续发展的瓶颈,中国在国际能源竞争中处于弱势地位,更需要主动谋求国际能源合作,选择合适的能源战略.文章指出,中国应建立能源储备战略、能源开发战略及能源技术战略.     

Managing for customers and employees in Hong Kong: The quality and teamwork challenges

Service marketing, total quality management, and human resource management researchers have proposed that employee teamwork is a foundation for service quality. North American research suggests that developing cooperative relationships and constructive controversy among employees can empower employees to serve customers and to strengthen their work relationships and commitment to the organization. Chinese employees in an American-style restaurant in Hong Kong were interviewed on specific incidents that affected service quality. Correlational and structural equation results support the hypotheses that cooperative goals help employees discuss their diverse views open-mindedly and that this constructive controversy results in quality customer service. Competitive and independent goals were largely negatively correlated with dynamics and outcomes. Results were interpreted as suggesting that service teams should develop strong cooperative goals and the skills and procedures of constructive controversy. Deutsch's theory of cooperation and competition, although developed largely through North American research, seems useful for understanding and developing service quality teamwork in Asia.     

竞争性股权结构与公司绩效：基于中国上市公司的实证研究

基于股权竞争程度的差异,本文对股权结构进行了分类,发现竞争程度高的行业有更多的竞争性股权结构的公司。对我国185家竞争性股权结构公司的分析表明,前五大股东持股比例之间呈现出依次显著性的正相关关系,第一、第二和第五大股东持股比例与公司业绩显著正相关,但这类上市公司并没有比非竞争性股权结构公司具有更好的业绩。     

Productivity, indexation and macroeconomic outcomes: The implications of goods market competition and wage bargaining structure

One strand of the macroeconomics literature explores the extent to which the indexation of nominal wages to a variable in addition to the price level can improve macroeconomic performance. The present paper contributes to this literature by developing a model in which the nominal wage is indexed not only to the price level but also to productivity. Two key features of the framework are a monopolistically competitive goods market and a unionized labor market in which wages are determined by a finite number of unions. A significant finding is that the multiparameter indexation scheme generally outperforms full-information wage setting.     

外包与生产率和就业:基于中国的实证

文章使用1997、2002和2007年的42部门投入产出表数据,计算了我国22个工业行业的外包比率,并以面板数据模型检验了外包对工业行业劳动力就业及外包对工业行业产出的影响。检验结果表明,材料品外包、服务外包的发展均有效地提升了我国工业行业生产率水平,但服务外包对工业行业生产率的促进效应要远远大于材料品外包,而外包对工业行业就业影响的分析结果是,服务外包对工业行业就业的影响为正效应并且影响显著,材料品外包对于工业行业就业的效应则效果不明显。     

Enlarging the Pie vs. Increasing One's Slice: An Analysis of the Relationship Between Generic and Brand Advertising

Marketing Letters - Generic advertising promotes the general qualities of a product category and, therefore, benefits all firms—regardless of who has contributed to the campaign (e.g....     

进口中间品质量对企业生产率的影响——基于影响渠道的分析

通过使用2000~2013年中国工业企业数据库和海关数据库测算出企业进口产品的质量,分析进口产品质量对企业生产率的影响以及影响渠道,结果显示:企业进口高质量的资本品、中间品以及消费品能够提升企业生产率;企业进口高质量产品能够通过加剧行业竞争,促进企业提升生产率,提高竞争力;企业进口高质量产品的技术创新效应不同,资本品和消费品的技术创新效应为正,中间品为负;中间品技术创新效应为负的原因是加工贸易中的来料加工占据中国中间品进口的大部分且其技术创新效应为负。     

转移定价条件下各省区间税收合作的损益分析

由国内各省区间税收竞争导致的非合作均衡,会造成贸易和税收收入水平下降,引起双重征税或漏征税.而省区间税收合作则会增加区域税收总收入,减少双重征税或恶意避税,提高区域内贸易总量.同时,在实施"单边转移支付"的条件下,区域间税收合作也能够增加各自省份的税收总量.上述结论同样适应于国际税收合作的讨论和分析.     

人民币和日元:竞争还是合作——基于汇率波动视角的分析

文章以东亚十一个经济体为研究对象,以汇率波动为研究视角,在分析汇率波动与经济绩效相关关系的基础上,对人民币和日元与区域内其他经济体货币的汇率波动之间的比较静态相关性及二者的影响力进行分析。结论表明,尽管人民币在区域内的相对影响力在逐步提升,但当前人民币仍不具备成为主导区域货币合作的能力;而就中日产业结构差异和贸易互补性而言,深层合作是人民币与日元博弈的理想选择。     

The Contingency Effects of Supplier Influence Strategies and Their Implications for Retailer Cooperation

Abstract

The success of manufacturers' consumer marketing programs often hinges on whether they are implemented at the retail level. Manufacturers use various influence strategies to persuade retailers to adopt their marketing programs. We investigate how well those influence strategies shape the retailers' positive attitudes toward their suppliers' marketing programs. We find that the effectiveness of those influence strategies depends upon the extent of uncertainty in the retailers' market. We also find that the manufacturer's investment in specific assets to support its relationship with the retailer strongly affects the retailer's attitude toward the supplier's programs.