中国会计学会财务成本分会2004年年会暨第十七次理论研讨会综述

中国会计学会财务成本分会(原中国中青年财务成本研究会)于2004年8月在安徽省马鞍山市举办了以"公司治理与会计信息质量"为主题的2004年年会暨第十七次理论研讨会.财政部部长助理冯淑萍发来贺信,介绍了近期的会计准则制定工作以及中国会计准则所面临的国际协调环境,勉励中青年学者以务实的学风、扎实的研究态度和科学的研究方法,为我国会计准则建设做出贡献.财政部会计司司长刘玉廷就会计改革面临的形势和需要关注的问题做了大会报告.与会代表通过提交论文、参与评述、讨论与报告等多种形式,就公司治理、政府监管与会计信息质量等方面的问题进行了学术交流.本文以公司治理、政府监管与会计信息质量为主线,择要展示了所提交论文及研讨过程中的主要学术观点或实证研究的基本结论.     

两官员谈审计准则国际化

王军,今年11月11日刚刚被任命为财政部副部长。此前两年内,他出任财政部部长助理、党组成员,其中主要分管会计,被业界称为中国"会计总管"。 陈毓圭,中国注册会计师协会秘书长,研究员,兼任财政部财政科学研究所博士研究生导师,中国中青年财务成本研究会会长。王军:中国独立审计准则建设有后发优势问:您认为我国审计行业可能对国际审计准则发展有贡献的地方在哪里?王军:我觉得我们有后发优势。据我了解和判断,国际审计与鉴证准则委员会在制定审计准则的时候很大的一个特点是应对性的。一般是出现了什么问题,再针对这个问题制定一个准则。作…     

中国会计学会财务成本分会召开2004年年会暨第17次理论研讨会

8月2日,中国会计学会财务成本分会(原中国中青年财务成本研究会)在安徽省马鞍山市召开了2004年年会暨第17次理论研讨会。财政部部长助理冯淑萍专门向会议发来贺信,财务成本分会会长、中注协秘书长陈毓圭致开幕词并做年度工作报告,原研究会首任会长、财政部科研所研究员王世定以及其他有关方面的领导应邀出席会议并在开幕式上讲了话。财政部会计司司长刘玉廷在会上做了关于会计改革面临的形势及需要关注的问题的专题报告。来自全国各地高等院校、会计实务界的180多名专家学者出席了会议。此次会议是中国中青年财务成本研究会加入中国会计学会…     

中国会计改革与发展国际研讨会综述

中国会计改革与发展国际研讨会于2003年12月15—20日在云南大理举行。来自国际会计准则理事会以及美国、英国、俄罗斯、澳大利亚、日本、韩国和我国内地及香港地区的会计专家、会计管理部门的代表近200人参加了会议。财政部部长助理冯淑萍出席会议并讲话。冯助理指出,我国现已初步建立了以会计法为核心,以行政法规和部门规章为支持的会计法规体系,使会计工作步入法制化、规范化轨道。随着基本会计准则和16项具体会计准则的制定,以及企业会计制度、金融企业会计制度和小企业会计制度的逐步建立与完善,适应市场经济发展要求的企业会计核算标准…     

中国中青年财务成本研究会产生新一届理事会

8月16-18日,中国中青年财务成本研究会2002年年会暨第15届理论讨论会在昆明召开.会上选举产生了中国中青年财务成本研究会第五届理事会和常务理事会,陈毓圭同志再次当选研究会会长,王化成、王光远、刘明辉、孙铮、李玉环、陈建明等13人当选副会长,刘明辉兼任秘书长.     

资产负债观&收入费用观——以国际上对所得税的会计处理方法为例

安然等一系列美国会计丑闻之后,美国证券交易委员会(SEC)在其针对会计准则改革的报告中呼吁FASB在制定会计准则时,应以资产负债观全面取代收入费用观。它指出:“在准则制定尤其是目标导向的准则制定模式下,应用收入费用观是不恰当的,……在持续地向目标导向准则制定模式的转变过程中,FASB应当保持资产负债观”;在报告中,SEC认为:“资产负债观为经济实质提供了最有力的概念描述,从而成为准则制定过程中最合适的基础”。2004年7月,FASB在其答复SEC的报告中称:“FASB同意SEC报告中的观点—在给定的框架下分析资产和负债及其变化,对于制定财务报告准则是最合适的方法”,同时FASB还明确表示“打算在其准则制定项目上继续采用资产负债观”。     

中日韩三国会计准则制定机构会议综述

针对目前会计国际化的趋势及国际会计准则委员会改组后新的国际财务报告准则制定机制,为加强亚洲国家准则制定机构间的合作及发挥在国际会计准则理事会中的作用,中、日、韩三国会计准则制定机构于2002年2月8日在日本东京召开了三国会计准则制定机构会议,旨在协调三国之间对重大国际会计问题的看法并加强合作.以财政部部长助理、财政部会计准则委员会秘书长冯淑萍为团长的我国会计准则委员会代表团参加了这次会议,日本财务会计准则委员会主席、韩国财务会计准则委员会主席以及国际会计准则委员会理事山田辰己先生出席了会议.现将会议有关情况介绍如下.     

研究和制定资产评估报告准则若干问题的思考

一．资产评估报告准则的定位资产评估报告准则如何定位,可以借鉴会计准则制定中的经验。会计准则制定过程中,对于原则与规则的研究非常深入。迄今为止,世界上存在两种不同的会计准则制定模式：以原则为导向的准则制定模式和以规则为导向的准则制定模式。前者的主要代表是国际会计准则和英国财务报告准则后者的主要代表是美国财务会计准则。     

中国中青年财务成本研究会成立

中国中青年财务成本研究会最近成立。该会是由全国热心于财务、成本管理科学研究的中青年自愿结合而成的群众性学术团体,聘请许毅、杨纪琬、黄菊波、王振之、石成岳等专家、教授担任顾问。并申请作为中国会计学会、中国成本研究会的团体会员接受两会的指导。 与会代表推荐、选举了第一届理事会人     

会计目标：回顾与评述

关于会计目标问题的理论研究至少可以追溯到20世纪30年代，但是直到20世纪70年代，会计目标在会计准则体系中的重要作用才为会计准则制定机构所认同。1978年，美国财务会计准则委员会（Financial Accounting Standards Board，简称FASB）第一号概念公告（Statement of Financial Accounting Conceptual No．1）——《企业财务报告的目标》的发布，标志着美国关于会计目标的研究达到顶峰。FASB以目标为起点的会计准则制定模式，奠定了其高质量会计准则的基础，因此，该模式也广为其他国家或国际组织所借鉴。英国、加拿大、澳大利亚以及国际会计准则理事会（International Accounting Standards Board，简称IASB）纷纷展开会计目标的研究，以指导会计准则的制定。我国会计理论界和会计准则制定机构也加大了对会计目标的研究力度，并取得了一定的成就，较好地发挥了对会计准则制定的导向作用。     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

教育与资本怎样的前景怎样的现实

来自政府的声音: "动员各种社会资源,发展教育" 此次论坛上财政部长助理张少春的发言是最受关注的发言之一.他的演讲传达出的信息有这样几方面:第一,谈到现实,他认为全社会对教育的巨大需求与我国公共投入不足已成为我国教育事业发展的突出矛盾.近年来,以公共部门投入为主,多渠道筹措教育经费的教育投入机制成为解决这一问题的重要途径,也使得公共部门与私营部门在教育领域的合作日益密切.第二,谈到前景,他认为,1.中国经济持续、快速的增长对高技能人才产生巨大的需求,这为私营部门的参与提供了广阔空间.2.随着公共财政职能的不断完善,财政资金将在各项教育事业中重新进行分配,进一步优化财政支出结构,提高资金的使用效率.在"十一五"期间,我国将把公共支出的重点转移到农村.我们将逐步把全体农村适龄儿童的义务教育全部纳入公共财政体制.     

Director gender and mergers and acquisitions

Does director gender influence CEO empire building? Does it affect the bid premium paid for target firms? Less overconfident female directors less overestimate merger gains. As a result, firms with female directors are less likely to make acquisitions and if they do, pay lower bid premia. Using acquisition bids by S&P 1500 companies during 1997–2009 we find that each additional female director is associated with 7.6% fewer bids, and each additional female director on a bidder board reduces the bid premium paid by 15.4%. Our findings support the notion that female directors help create shareholder value through their influence on acquisition decisions. We also discuss other possible interpretations of our findings.     

Political corruption and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between political corruption and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that local corruption increases firm acquisitiveness but decreases firm targetiveness. The levels of corruption in acquirer areas relate positively to the bid premiums and negatively to the likelihood of deal completion. Corruption motivates acquiring firms to use excess cash for payment, which mitigates the negative effect of corruption on acquirer shareholder value. The evidence indicates that acquisitions help acquiring firms convert cash into hard-to-extract assets and relocate assets from the high to low corruption areas, thereby shielding their liquid assets from expropriation by local officials.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.     

Trust and cross-border mergers and acquisitions

A number of studies suggest that social trust matters for investment. Using different measures of trust from World Values Survey, we show that countries where people display higher levels of trust engage in more cross-border M&A activities. When they do, these acquirers pay lower premiums. To the extent that these acquirers also tend to engage in larger acquisitions as well, our findings suggest that a larger selection pool of potential targets and higher value targets enable these acquirers to negotiate for lower premiums. We do not find evidence of the significant effect for target country trust levels. Hence, trust may benefit those acquiring firms in cross-border transactions.     

Tournament-based incentives and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between tournament-based incentives, which are proxied by the difference between a firm's CEO pay and the median pay of the senior managers, and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that tournament-based incentives are positively related to firm acquisitiveness and acquiring firms' stock and operating performance. Further analysis indicates that positive acquisition performance increases the likelihood of the CEO being promoted from inside the acquiring firm. Our evidence is consistent with the view that tournament-based incentives motivate acquiring firms' managers to make greater efforts and take more risk that result in superior acquisition performance.     

Corporate Innovations and Mergers and Acquisitions

Using a large and unique patent‐merger data set over the period 1984 to 2006, we show that companies with large patent portfolios and low R&D expenses are acquirers, while companies with high R&D expenses and slow growth in patent output are targets. Further, technological overlap between firm pairs has a positive effect on transaction incidence, and this effect is reduced for firm pairs that overlap in product markets. We also show that acquirers with prior technological linkage to their target firms produce more patents afterwards. We conclude that synergies obtained from combining innovation capabilities are important drivers of acquisitions.