出口贸易、工业碳排放效率动态演进与空间溢出

以2003~2012年我国30个省级经济单元为研究对象,从技术进步视角出发,利用包含非期望产出的SBM模型测算各省份工业碳排放效率,运用非参数Kernel密度估计方法研究各省份出口贸易和工业碳排放效率的动态演进过程,构建空间杜宾模型进一步考察出口贸易对工业碳排放效率的影响。研究结果表明：我国东部地区的工业碳排放效率最高,依次为中部、西部地区和东北综合经济区;核密度曲线展现出口贸易整体处于上升态势,工业碳排放效率呈现双峰趋同;在考虑空间因素后,出口贸易对本地区的工业碳排放效率改善产生促进作用,但对其他地区的工业碳排放效率增长产生抑制作用,也有碍于所有地区碳排放效率的提升。     

基于绿色增长的我国各地区工业企业技术创新效率研究

本文基于绿色增长对技术创新的方向进行约束,将资源生产率和环境负荷视作产出,运用四阶段DEA模型对我国2009年各省份工业企业技术创新效率进行实证研究。结果表明:环境因素有利于各省份工业企业技术创新效率的提高;剔除环境因素影响后全国平均技术创新效率有所提高,纯技术创新效率上升,而规模效率下降;东部地区的平均纯技术创新效率最高,而中西部地区平均纯技术创新效率偏低,并且低于平均规模效率;经济越发达的省份越容易出现规模报酬递减现象,而经济欠发达的省份则呈现规模报酬递增现象。     

中国工业环境友好程度的实证研究

工业环境友好是建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会的重要内容.本文根据工业环境友好的内涵和中国实际,选取13个指标构成工业环境友好的评价指标体系,运用因子分析法,对2007年中国30个省、自治区、直辖市的环境友好程度进行综合评价和分析比较.结果表明,工业环境友好程度存在明显的地区差异,呈现出东部、中部、西部依次递减的趋势,与工业化进程有较强的相关性.工业环境问题产生的根源在于粗放型的工业增长方式,而非工业发展本身.     

基于DEA的中国旅游饭店业的效率分析

近些年,我国的旅游饭店业得到迅速成长。本文采用非参数DEA方法对中国旅游饭店业全要素生产率的增长状况进行分析,并分解为技术效率增长与技术进步增长,并进一步探讨了各地区饭店业全要素生产率的增长特征。结果显示:2004～2008年间,中国旅游饭店业TFP平均增长了6.3%。同时东中西部地区旅游饭店业全要素生产率增长存在显著差异,且影响全要素生产率增长的来源也不相同,中西部地区TFP增长快于东部地区,东部地区较多地依赖于技术进步的提高,而中西部则更多地依赖于技术效率尤其是规模效率的提高。     

近年来中国工业投资结构与效率变动趋势研究

2000年以来,中国工业投资结构和效率呈现以下变动趋势:中西部、非国有控股企业、重工业固定资产投资占工业总固定资产投资比例增长,工业固定资产投资效率整体下降,国有经济工业固定资产投资经济效率增长,非国有经济投资经济效率下降等。工业投资表现出粗放型特征明显、投资促进产业升级和结构调整的任务艰巨、国有经济的投资定位和目标有待调整、对传统资金渠道的过分依赖等诸多问题。以此为基础,提出提高工工业投资效率的对策、建议。     

基于DEA三阶段模型的中国高新技术产业效率研究

采用三阶段DEA模型分析法,研究2010年我国31个地区高新技术产业效率。研究结果显示:环境和随机干扰因素对我国高新技术产业效率影响显著,虚高了综合技术效率水平,且对中西部地区影响较大;规模效率不足是制约综合技术效率水平主因,但其提升空间相对较大,全国26个非综合技术有效地区规模效率递增率高达100%,因此,加大规模投入是综合技术效率水平提升的首选途径。区域差异明显主要反映在中西部与东部地区之间,全国高新技术产业综合技术效率水平总体呈东、中、西高低排列,其中,中西部地区规模效率的巨大鸿沟是其综合技术效率不足的根源。     

工业机器人与中国制造业地区发展差距:后发优势还是先发优势?

本文考察了"机器换人"背景下工业机器人对中国制造业地区发展差距的影响.研究结果表明:由于工业机器人与低技能劳动的替代关系,其应用对地区劳动力比较优势带来一定的冲击,促进了非技术密集制造业的分散化发展,因而对非技术密集行业存在后发优势;但由于工业机器人与高技能劳动的互补关系,其应用巩固了先发地区的技术、人才优势,促进了技术密集制造业的集聚发展,因而对技术密集行业存在先发优势.通过异质性检验发现:工业机器人对非技术密集制造业的分散作用更多存在于华东和西北地区,而对技术密集制造业的集聚作用更多集中在华北、中南和西北地区;在机器人的作用下,非技术密集制造业的分散趋势主要由其行业自东向中、西部转移所致,而技术密集制造业的集聚趋势主要与其行业重心向东部地区收缩有关.     

中国国有、私营和外资工业企业地区间效率差异研究

根据中国30个省份工业企业2001~2011年的面板数据,基于Fre-Primont TFP指数DEA方法,测算各省份国有、私营和外资企业的综合效率、TFP增长及其分解要素,对其发展模式进行类别划分。结果表明,外资和私营企业的综合效率均值始终高于国有企业;工业企业表现出不同的效率优势,私营企业的优势在于技术效率和规模效率,国有企业的优势在于技术效率水平低但增长趋势显著,外资企业的优势在于范围经济效率;在研究期内TFP增长均产生了大幅增长,主要原因在于整体技术进步水平的大幅提高。进入高效高速发展模式省份最多的是外资企业,其次依次是私营和国有企业,三类企业地区间两极分化趋势明显。     

金融发展对环境规制提升工业绿色全要素生产率的创新补偿效应

以金融发展为切入点,探讨环境规制对工业绿色全要素生产率的影响。研究结果显示,不同融资模式的金融发展对环境规制提升工业绿色全要素生产率均存在创新补偿效应,且股票市场的创新补偿效应最大,银行部门次之,民间金融最小。分区域的估计结果显示,东部地区银行部门不存在创新补偿效应,其余地区的估计结果与整体一致。进一步的门槛检验结果显示,银行部门和民间金融均存在单一门槛,且呈现正向边际效率递增的非线性规律。     

“三元”城镇化对服务业增长的影响

快速崛起的城镇化为服务业的发展提供了必要的基石。然而,对服务业增长产生深远影响的城镇化绝不仅仅局限于以城镇人口占比所表征的城镇化。本文提出“三元”城镇化概念,并把“三元”城镇化定义为“外延式”城镇化、“内涵式”城镇化以及“网络式”城镇化。本文从理论上考察了“三元”城镇化影响服务业增长的传导机制。本文随后基于中国1999~2013年27个省份的面板数据,运用增长模型、比重模型和效率模型系统检验了“三元”城镇化对服务业增长的影响,研究表明,“外延式”城镇化和“内涵式”城镇化均从服务业规模、产业比重和劳动生产率三个方面显著促进了服务业的增长,“网络式”城镇化仅仅促进了服务业规模的扩张。“内涵式”城镇化和“网络式”城镇化对知识密集型服务业增长的促进作用更大,“外延式”城镇化则对非知识密集型服务业增长的促进作用更大。“三元”城镇化均显著促进了东部地区知识密集型服务业的增长,同时拉大了中西部地区与东部地区知识密集型服务业增长的差距。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。     

浅谈大体积混凝土裂缝的控制

大体积混凝土的裂缝问题是实际工程中长期困扰工程技术人员的问题,其控制技术的研究是混凝土结构研究的热点问题,具有重大的学术价值和潜伏的工程背景。     

Supply Chain Strategies in the UK Fashion Industry—The Rhetoric of Partnership and Realities of Power

This paper focuses on the fashion industry, one characterised by issues such as dramatic shifts in the scale and power of major retail buyers in the market, the advent of retailer own brands, and the nature of sourcing and supply chain decisions, issues that are increasingly global in nature. The aim of this research is to explore the nature of relationships between UK high street multiple fashion retailers and their contracted suppliers, many of whom are entrepreneurial firms by most definitions of the term. Four core themes emerge from the literature and provide a framework for the research, namely, power, process, partnership, and people. The research approach was qualitative, and conducted over a period of twelve months. The paper ends with an agenda for future research.