进入成本对最优公开保留价影响的博弈分析

本文将拍卖中有关进入成本的研究内容进行扩展,将进入成本与最优公开保留价策略结合,对标准招标中存在同质和异质进入成本时的最优公开保留价定价问题进行了研究.经过研究,发现在公开保留价的情况下,不同进入成本对招标人的期望支出、投标人的期望效用以及社会净支出方面的影响是不同,从而招标的最优公开保留价定价策略也是不同的.当投标人之间存在同质进入成本时,招标公开保留价应与招标人的真实估价相同;当投标人之间存在异质进入成本时,招标最优公开保留价不应小于标准招标模型中的最优公开保留价.     

Anticipation,Tax Avoidance,and the Price Elasticity of Gasoline Demand

Least‐squares estimates of the response of gasoline consumption to a change in the gasoline price are biased toward zero, given the endogeneity of gasoline prices. A seemingly natural solution to this problem is to instrument for gasoline prices using gasoline taxes, but this approach tends to yield implausibly large price elasticities. We demonstrate that anticipatory behavior provides an important explanation for this result. Gasoline buyers increase purchases before tax increases and delay purchases before tax decreases, rendering the tax instrument endogenous. Including suitable leads and lags in the regression restores the validity of the IV estimator, resulting in much lower elasticity estimates. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

房地产泡沫的形成机理——基于行为经济学视角的分析

运用行为经济学相关理论,通过分析房地产市场微观主体从泡沫形成至泡沫破裂各阶段的心理和行为过程,探究了房地产泡沫形成的内在机理,并揭示了泡沫非理性的本质.最后针对房地产市场存在的非理性行为,提出应通过制度设计及借助税收杠杆等政策工具来规范房产交易、抑制过度投机,从而有效地防范和控制房价过度增长.     

Anticipation,learning and welfare: the case of distortionary taxation

We study the impact of anticipated fiscal policy changes in a Ramsey economy where agents form long-horizon expectations using adaptive learning. We extend the existing framework by introducing distortionary taxes as well as elastic labor supply, which makes agents’ decisions non-predetermined but more realistic. We detect that the dynamic responses to anticipated tax changes under learning have oscillatory behavior that can be interpreted as self-fulfilling waves of optimism and pessimism emerging from systematic forecast errors. Moreover, we demonstrate that these waves can have important implications for the welfare consequences of fiscal reforms.     

ESP教学——外贸英语教学现状及几点教学策略

随着经济全球化进程的加速,多元文化不断接触融合,各国之间的经贸活动越来越频繁。客观上看,融入世界经济的中国不再需求单一的外语人才,单纯的语言培训已经不能满足快速运行的经济对语言人才的需要。如何在外语教学过程中有计划、有目的、有系统和有效率地实施ESP(English for Specific Purposes)教学已成为外语教学共同关注的焦点。本文通过对外贸英语的现状及框架分析,从多个角度讨论了外贸专业英语的教学法并指出外贸专业英语教学是建立在基础英语和外贸专业知识教学这两块基石上的。     

鲜活农产品拍卖市场品类价格波动的相关性分析与检验

协整与Granger因果检验被广泛应用于宏观经济领域经济变量间的关系分析中,但是,将协整与Granger因果检验应用于企业微观市场结构经济变量之间的分析的文献还鲜见报道。论文选择昆明国际花卉拍卖市场2009年2月16日至2010年2月12日间玫瑰的交易数据,分析鲜活农产品拍卖市场品类价格波动的相关性及其影响。实证结果表明:价格与供货量存在长期的均衡关系,供货量是价格的内生变量;价格对滞后一期的供货量产生影响,供货量则影响滞后三期的价格;此外,价格对滞后三期的流拍率产生影响,但流拍率的变化不会对价格产生影响。     

投标人参考点效应与最优公开保留价博弈分析

本文从行为经济学出发,用博弈论的方法研究存在参考点效应时,投标人在第一价格和第二价格密封招标中的报价策略以及招标人的最优公开保留价定价策略,并对不同招标方式下投标人的期望收益进行比较。本文给出存在参考点效应时招标最优公开保留价的定价公式,分析了参考点效应和投标人数对最优公开保留价的影响。研究表明,在采用公开保留价的情况下,考虑投标人参考点效应对报价策略的影响时,不同招标方式给投标人带来的期望收益是相等的,即此时招标支付等价性命题仍然成立。此外,随着投标人参考点效应的增强和投标人数的增加,招标人的最优公开保留价下降。     

投标人平行串谋与最优公开保留价博弈分析

本文将投标人平行串谋问题与招标人公开保留价定价策略相结合,研究了第二价格密封招标方式下投标串谋联盟的串谋报价及利润分配机制,分析了串谋联盟的存在对非串谋联盟中成员的投标策略和期望利润的影响,揭示了串谋联盟成员人数与串谋联盟总收益之间的关系,探讨了招标人公开保留价定价策略、串谋联盟成员人数与招标公开保留价之间的关系,指出了招标人应通过降低公开保留价的方式来防止或减少投标人平行串谋行为的发生。     

基于博弈的逆向供应链定价及利益分配研究

应用博弈理论,研究基于单一制造商和两个零售商构成的逆向供应链系统,给出了该逆向供应链中成员企业合作与不合作时废旧产品回收的定价策略和相应整个供应链系统及各成员企业的收益情况,提出了Shapley值法来研究供应链合作时的利益分配问题。     

Onward the Spatial: an Essay on the Nature and Relevance of Regional Economics

Abstract

Regional economics appears to be losing its currency in academic discourse, with a clear preference over recent years for the term ‘spatial economics’. This essay examines the nature of the developments in order to explore their implications for regional economics, focusing on four key aspects: empirical methods and the ‘tools’ of regional economics; theory and the appropriate spatial scale; the ‘regional problem’; and regional policy. It finds reasons to suggest that the ‘region’ is of less importance, but argues that the use of the term ‘spatial’ does not reflect dissatisfaction with regional economics, but rather it signals the reinvigoration of the subject from its formal connection to mainstream economics. This is primarily in the form of the new economic geography model, although limitations with this have led to an unsatisfactory form of regional policy that is based on growth theory.

Avance de l’économie spatiale: une communication sur la nature et la pertinence de l’économie régionale

RÉSUMÉ L’économie régionale semble avoir perdu du terrain dans les discussions académiques, et on lui préfère clairement, depuis quelques années, l'expression ‘économie spatiale’. La présente communication se penche sur la nature des développements, afin d'explorer leurs implications pour l’économie régionale, en examinant les quatre aspects principaux suivants: les méthodes empiriques et les ‘outils’ de l’économie régionale; la théorie et l’échelle spatiale appropriée; le ‘problème régional’; et la politique régionale. Il détermine des raisons pour affirmer que la ‘région’ joue un rôle moins important, mais estime que l'usage du mot ‘spatial’ ne reflète pas le mécontentement avec l’économie régionale, mais indique un renouveau pour ce sujet après ses liens officiels avec l’économie générale. Ce renouveau se présente principalement sous forme du nouveau modèle de géographie économique, bien que certaines de ses limitations risquent de donner lieu à une forme peu satisfaisante de politique régionale, basée sur la théorie de la croissance.

Avance de lo espacial: un trabajo sobre la naturaleza y la importancia de la economía regional

RÉSUMÉN?La economía regional parece estar perdiendo su difusión dentro de la disertación académica, mientras que durante los últimos años se observa una preferencia clara por el término ‘economía espacial’. Este trabajo examina la naturaleza de los desarrollos con objeto de explorar sus implicaciones para la economía regional, centrándose en cuatro aspectos clave: métodos empíricos y las ‘herramientas’ de la economía regional; teoría y la escala espacial apropiada; el ‘problema regional’; y política regional. Encuentra razones que sugieren que la ‘región’ tiene menor importancia, aunque arguye que el uso del término ‘espacial’ no refleja insatisfacción con la economía regional, sino que indica la revitalización del tema con respecto a su conexión formal con la economía dominante. Esto se da principalmente en la forma del nuevo modelo de geografía económica, aunque sus limitaciones pueden resultar en una forma insatisfactoria de política regional basada en teoría de crecimiento.

     

金融发展、经济增长及政府职能——文献综述和基于中国经济的分析

简要回顾了改革开放以来中国金融发展历程;介绍了两种经济增长理论,即平衡增长理论和非均衡增长理论;阐述了金融发展与经济增长的关系;并对政府作用的三种理论:亲善市场理论、国家推动发展论,市场增进论进行了探讨与分析;最后提出了政策建议。通过对经济增长模式、金融发展的衡量指标,以及传统的政府职能理论方面的分析,为中国转型阶段的政府职能导向提出一些初步的见解。     

Wicksell on the Classical Theories of Money, Credit, Interest and the Price Level:

ABSTRACT Knut Wicksell occupies a significant place in the history of monetary economics as the developer of the cumulative process by which deviations between the market and natural rates of interest cause the price level to change persistently. A more accurate version of the same argument is a part of classical monetary analysis but there the process originates from a change in base money or central bank credit while Wicksell's version may be initiated by banks capriciously setting their lending rates. Wicksell's version arises from his difficulties in correctly interpreting the classical quantity theory of money and interest rate determination from Hume down to Marshall, but has not been so noted in the literature.     

论房价与地价的相互关系——基于北京、上海、武汉数据的实证研究

该文试图从房价与地价的关系分析入手,通过对北京、上海、武汉房价和地价数据进行计量检验,以期为深入研究土地供给政策对房地产市场调控的作用机制提供依据.通过对三城市时间序列数据进行Granger检验,结果显示各城市房价和地刎价存在互动关系,同时表现出一定的区域差异.因此制定土地供给政策应因地制宜.     

国际货币政策协调:理论研究、实践进展及中国的选择

开放经济下一国货币政策会产生溢出效应,因此各国需要通过货币政策的国际协调来增进共同福利;目前,国际货币政策协调的实践已形成了几种重要的区域协调模式,并在解决国际经济事务中发挥关键作用;对于我国而言,在新一轮汇率制度改革后,也更加需要通过货币政策的国际协调来解决与其他国家或经济区的政策冲突。     

Entry, reforms, complementarity and performance: A tale of two Indian manufacturing sectors

In this paper, we use plant-level data from two Indian industries, namely, electrical machinery and textiles, to examine the empirical relationship between structural reforms like abandonment of entry restrictions to the product market, competition and firm-level productivity and efficiency. These industries have faced different sets of policies since Independence but both were restricted in the adoption of technology and in the development of optimal scales of production. They also belonged to the first set of industries that benefited from the liberalization process started in the 1980s. Our results suggest that both the industries have improved their efficiency and scales of operation by the turn of the century. However, the process of adjustment seems to have been worked out more fully for electrical machinery. We also find evidence of spatial fragmentation of the market as late as 2000–2001. Gains in labour productivity were much more evident in states that either have a strong history of industrial activity or those that have experienced significant improvements in business environment since 1991.     

财经类院校电子商务本科专业课程体系的设计与实践

分析了国内外高校电子商务专业课程体系的现状及存在的问题,结合对社会人才需求及专业能力层次结构分析的基础上,依据电子商务专业学科特点及专业特色方向确定重点课程,并对专业课程体系进行整合,给出了上海金融学院电子商务本科专业课程体系建设的实践方案。     

Transition, the Evolution of Stock Market Efficiency and Entry into EU: The Case of Romania

In this paper we demonstrate that the measurement of stock market efficiency is an important activity in establishing whether eastern European countries satisfy the Copenhagen Criteria for EU membership. Specifically, we argue that developing an efficient stock market should be an important policy focus for countries with aspirations to join the EU as it helps to demonstrate the existence of a functioning market economy. We illustrate this issue by examining the evolution of stock market efficiency in the Bucharest Stock Exchange from mid-1997 to September 2002. We use a GARCH model on daily price data and model the disturbances using the Student-t distribution to allow for ‘fat-tails’. We find strong evidence of inefficiency in the Bucharest Stock Exchange in that the lagged stock price index is a significant predictor of the current price index. This result is robust to the inclusion of variables controlling for calendar effects of the sort that have been observed in more developed stock markets. The level of inefficiency appears to diminish over time and we find evidence consistent with stock market efficiency in Romania after January 2000.     

Export-led economic growth and the case of Brazil: An empirical research

The world has been globalized much more than ever before and this process integrates the economies of countries. Moreover, one means of integrating the economies of countries is trade. In this instance, the export-led economic growth emerges as a considerable determinant. Export-led economic growth is beneficial for the countries since it facilitates the inflow of foreign exchange, increases production, creates new employment opportunities and enhances the overall commercial volume. In this study, the correlation between export-led economic growth is explored for Brazil. Therefore, according to the findings of this paper as well as econometric and statistical applications, there is a bi-directional causality in Brazil since 1960s between economic development and exports in the long-run (this could also be termed as feedback); furthermore, in the short-run, there is export-led economic growth. The novelty of this paper is that, it is one of the latest studies investigating export-led economic growth for Brazil.     

存款准备金率、铸币税和通货膨胀福利成本

本文在一个简化的Eckstein and Leiderman（1992）模型中加入银行部门,讨论铸币税和通货膨胀福利成本的性质;并基于中国的数据,应用GMM计量方法估计模型参数,进而考察存款准备金率和货币供给这两种货币政策对铸币税和通货膨胀福利成本的影响。我们发现,政府要得到高的铸币税收入,单纯依靠发行货币制造通货膨胀是难以实现的,还需要存款准备金率这一货币政策的配合,并可以通过存款准备金率来对铸币税与通货膨胀福利成本进行权衡;我国处于铸币税与通货膨胀福利成本权衡曲线的平坦部分,所以通过提高存款准备金率而增加的铸币税收入会非常有限;在通货膨胀率比较低的国家,通过提高存款准备金率来抑制通货膨胀,对居民福利的增加要大于铸币税收益的损失。     

Entry threat,entry delay,and Internet speed: The timing of the U.S. broadband rollout

In a rapidly growing industry, potential entrants strategically choose which local markets to enter. Facing the threat of additional entrants, a potential entrant may lower its expectation of future profits and delay entry into a local market, or it may accelerate entry due to preemptive motives. Using the evolution of local market structures of broadband Internet service providers from 1999 to 2007, we find that the former effect dominates the latter after allowing for spatial correlation across markets and accounting for endogenous market structure. On average, it takes 2 years longer for threatened markets to receive their first broadband entrant. Moreover, this entry delay has long‐run negative implications for the divergence of the U.S. broadband infrastructure: 1 year of entry delay translates into an 11% decrease on average present‐day download speeds.