家庭冷暴力的成因及防治对策

随着社会的发展，家庭暴力逐渐呈现出新的特点和表现形式，从传统的肉体上的暴力演变为精神折磨的冷暴力，且冷暴力日益成为家庭暴力的主要形式，给家庭和社会带来极大的危害，成为不可忽略的社会问题。本文将对家庭冷暴力的特征、成因及危害，进行详细分析和论述，并从心理学、法律等多角度提出相应的防御对策，希望对家庭冷暴力的研究和防治起到一定的积极作用。     

反家庭暴力的法律思考

家庭是社会的细胞,家庭的和睦与否关系到社会的和谐与否,然而家庭暴力已经在世界范围内成为破坏和谐社会的不和谐音符。由家庭暴力导致的离婚案件及刑事案件的数量呈逐年上升趋势,但是我国现行的反家庭暴力方面的立法还存在不少问题,因此,有必要深入研究,加大预防和制止家庭暴力的力度。     

家庭暴力的现状与对策

所谓家庭暴九是指发生在家庭范围内的暴力行为。家庭暴力是古今中外家庭常见的一种带有普遍性的丑恶现象，是一个全球性的问题。家庭中的弱者如妇女、儿童、老人、残疾人都有可能成为家庭暴力的受害者，家庭暴力根源是男尊女卑、父权制的传统陋俗，它严重危害妇女身潍康侵犯妇女合法权益，破坏社会稳定和发展，已引起全社会的广泛关注。     

浅析农村家庭暴力犯罪

家庭暴力是伴随着封建社会发展至今的历史残余问题,作为一种掩饰在家庭生活中的暴力犯罪它严重影响了整个社会的和谐稳定,阻碍了社会的进步和文明.尤其是农村家庭暴力,对于农业大国的中国来说,农村家庭暴力已成为中国社会发展特别是社会主义新农村建设的绊脚石.因此在构建和谐社会的形势要求下,研究并解决农村家庭暴力犯罪问题意义重大.从农村家庭暴力成因、特征入手,分析中国农村家庭暴力的现状并做出相应调控机制构建,以期更好地维护家庭成员的合法权益,促进社会安定、和谐.     

女性"以暴制暴"犯罪的特点及对策——基于家庭暴力视野下的思考

家庭,是每个人生活的第一环境和终身环境,是社会的基本细胞,而家庭关系的和睦更是对社会发展具有重要意义.但在当前社会,许多家庭中的两性关系存在着或大或小的冲突,男性对女性的家庭暴力及其所引发的女性犯罪就是这种两性冲突的极端表现.家庭暴力对社会的不良影响日益突出,不但直接损害妇女的人身权利,导致家庭破碎,更为危险的是,女性从受害者到罪犯的转变,已成为重要的社会不稳定因素,亟需重视和解决.     

论我国警察家庭暴力成因解决对策

家庭暴力引起的后果是严重的、多方面的,若得不到及时有效的制止和处理,很容易导致婚姻的破裂和家庭的离散,导致对家庭暴力家庭中的孩子的潜移默化的影响,以至在他们成长后增加了使用暴力的可能性.在我国,警察家庭作为一种特殊的家庭存在,其发生家庭暴力的现象必须引起社会的高度关注.     

我国家庭暴力的现状与遏制对策

近年来，家庭暴力已成为全球性的问题。在我国，家庭暴力也已引起人们的广泛关注，如何遏制此一严重影响家庭安宁和社会安定的不良现象成为人们共同关心的话题。     

消除构建两性和谐社会的障碍——家庭暴力的危害及其防治对策

1995年在北京召开的第四次世界妇女大会通过的《行动纲领》将家庭暴力问题列为12个“重点关注问题，，之一。家庭暴力不但威胁着受害家庭成员特别是妇女的身心健康和生命安全，并对社会安定团结构成了严重的危害。防治并消除家庭暴力，是构建两性和谐社会的有力保证。     

论家庭暴力的规制

家庭暴力造成了许多严重的危害，不仅直接对家庭成员的身心健康构成严重伤害和威胁，而且还会破坏家庭的稳定和安宁。认真探析家庭暴力的法律特征及其成因，旨在有效遏制家庭暴力，让妇女、儿童、老人等远离家庭暴力。     

反对家庭暴力 促进社会和谐

家庭暴力问题日趋突出,已成为一个全球性问题,它造成了许多严重的危害后果,这关系到家庭幸福、社会稳定,其中最大的受害者是妇女。通过研究和分析给施暴者和受害者以教育和启示,让法律对这种行为加以规制,从而实现对家庭暴力的防治。     

On the behavioral impacts of violence: Evidence from incentivized games in Kenya

Political violence is a major impediment to economic development, damaging social, physical and human capital. By contrast, the manner in which violence influences prosocial behaviors is less clear cut, even though these behaviors likely contribute to post-conflict outcomes at individual and aggregate levels. We propose that the standard routes through which the experience of violence is thought to increase prosocial behaviors offer different theoretical explanations under heterogeneous conflict exposure histories and for different behavioral domains. We test these hypotheses using incentivized behavioral experiments, collected in the context of electoral violence in Kenya. While we provide some evidence that exposure to violence increases prosocial behaviors, results display significant heterogeneities relating both to the dimensions of behavior analyzed and whether or not individuals were personally injured.     

虚拟暴力：归罪抑或入罪——增设网络暴力罪的正当性考量

我国对网络暴力侵权行为有许多民事和行政上的救济手段，也有一些刑事归口定罪的惩罚措施，但刑法的规定是零散的和片面的，对一些具有社会危害性，不科以刑罚不足以遏制或惩罚的网络暴力行为束手无策。现代社会中存在的网络暴力事件，具有严重的社会危害性，应单独入罪，增设网络暴力罪。     

Does Women’s Labor Force Participation Reduce Domestic Violence? Evidence from Jordan

Enhancing women’s labor force participation is seen as a way to promote their empowerment and improve their well-being and that of their children. The empirical literature on the relationship between women’s employment status and domestic violence is less clear-cut. Using quantitative data from Jordan in 2007, this study explores the effect of women’s employment, as measured by their participation in paid work outside the home, on reported domestic violence, controlling for the potential endogeneity of women’s employment, which might bias the relationship between employment and domestic violence. Without taking endogeneity into account, the regression results suggest that a woman’s participation in paid work enhances violence by her husband. After controlling for endogeneity, these results turn out to be insignificant, which suggests that women’s work status has no causal influence on marital violence. Differentiating between various types of domestic violence provides weak evidence that women’s employment lowers sexual violence.     

Drought and social conflict in rural Zimbabwe: Does the burden fall on women and girls?

Climate change–induced extreme weather events such as drought have occurred with increasing frequency and intensity in Zimbabwe over the past 30 years bringing about pressure on communally owned water resources. Using the Zimbabwe Vulnerability Assessment Committee 2020 survey of rural households in Zimbabwe, this study assesses the impact of drought shock on the occurrence of water point violence. The impact of self-reported drought shock on the likelihood of occurrence of social conflict in the form of water point violence is subject to confounding due to selection bias. Using the doubly robust inverse probability weighted regression adjustment to account for confounding, we investigate gender dimensions of the impact of drought on inducing water point violence in rural Zimbabwe. The study offers three major findings. First, drought shock is associated with increased household propensity to experience water point violence. Second, the severity of the drought shock impact increases the probability of the household experiencing water point violence. Third, drought shock–induced water point violence is only statistically valid for households where the water-fetcher is a woman or girl. The results suggest that the impact of drought shocks on water point violence is gendered and disadvantages women and girls more than men and boys.     

Evidence from Mexico on social status and violence against women

This study investigates the impact of relative social status on violence against women in Mexico using state-level panel data. Relatively higher female social status, measured by educational, economic and political standings, is associated with lower homicide rates for women and lower intimate partner violence rates. More importantly, different status variables affect violence against women through different channels, depending on the victim–offender relationship. The results are robust to different specifications and different control variables. This study may provide helpful guidelines to policy-makers attempting to identify more effective means for deterring violence against women.     

Family violence and football: the effect of unexpected emotional cues on violent behavior

We study the link between family violence and the emotional cues associated with wins and losses by professional football teams. We hypothesize that the risk of violence is affected by the “gain-loss” utility of game outcomes around a rationally expected reference point. Our empirical analysis uses police reports of violent incidents on Sundays during the professional football season. Controlling for the pregame point spread and the size of the local viewing audience, we find that upset losses (defeats when the home team was predicted to win by four or more points) lead to a 10% increase in the rate of at-home violence by men against their wives and girlfriends. In contrast, losses when the game was expected to be close have small and insignificant effects. Upset wins (victories when the home team was predicted to lose) also have little impact on violence, consistent with asymmetry in the gain-loss utility function. The rise in violence after an upset loss is concentrated in a narrow time window near the end of the game and is larger for more important games. We find no evidence for reference point updating based on the halftime score.     

Understanding the Political Motivations That Shape Rwanda's Emergent Developmental State

Twenty years after its horrific genocide, Rwanda has become a model for economic development. At the same time, its government has been criticised for authoritarian tactics and the use of violence. Missing from the often polarised debate are the connections between these two perspectives. Synthesising existing literature on Rwanda in light of a combined year of fieldwork, we argue that the Government of Rwanda is using the developmental infrastructure to deepen state power and expand political control. We first identify the historical pressures that have motivated the ruling Rwanda Patriotic Front (RPF) to reimagine the political landscape. Sectarian unrest, political rivalry, wider regional insecurity and aid withdrawal have all pressured the RPF to identify growth as strategic. However, the political transformation extends beyond a prioritisation of growth and encompasses the articulation of ideologies and new mindsets, the provision of social services and infrastructure and the reordering of the social and physical layout of the territory. Growth and social control go hand in hand. As such, this paper's main contribution is to bring together the two sides of the Rwandan debate and place the country in a broader sociological literature about the parallel development of capitalist relations and transformations in state power.     

The Military Occupation of Burma

In this article we study diverse ways and means by which the military controls and oppresses the people, Burman and other ethnic groups, in the name of achieving the Tatmadaw’s (Burmese military’s) three main national causes, ‘non-disintegration of the union, non-disintegration of national solidarity, and perpetuation of national solidarity’. We explore the ways the State uses their power to dominate civilian life and forms of resistance to this. State power is not uniformly practiced but occurs at different spatial scales of body, family, home, and village. Understanding the instrumentality of the State acts of violence through study of interrogation of political prisoners, offers ways to recognize the broader aspects of State pressure in the form of destruction of homes, villages, and means of livelihood. The private space of the body, home and the public village meant to shelter it has become the focus of Burmese State attempts to control the population.     

Women's Paid Work and Intimate Partner Violence: Insights from Tanzania

Theoretical and empirical research provide conflicting views on whether women who do paid work are less at risk from violence by an intimate partner in low- and middle-income countries. Economic household-bargaining models propose increased access to monetary resources will enhance women's “agency” and hence their bargaining power within the household, which reduces their vulnerability to intimate-partner violence. Feminist theorists also argue, however, that culture, context, and social norms can impede women's ability to access and benefit from employment. This study uses semi-structured interviews conducted in 2009 to explore the implications of paid work among women market traders in Dar es Salaam and Mbeya, Tanzania. While in this sample, informal-sector work did not result in women being able to fully exercise agency, their access to money did have a positive effect on their lives and reduced one major source of conflict and trigger for violence: that of negotiating money from men.     

我国居家养老服务体系建设的难点及其突破

随着我国进入老龄化社会，养老问题成为一个必须面对的严峻课题，建设科学而完善的居家养老服务体系无疑是解决当下我国老龄化所带来的诸多问题的有效途径。目前我国居家养老服务体系建设的难点主要有法律法规不完善、社会支持系统不健全、资金提供不充裕、养老服务项目不齐全、服务人员专业素质不高等。要建构适合中国国情的居家养老服务体系，需要政府、社会、家庭等主体共同努力。