Evolution of International Statistical Standards via Life Cycle of Products and Services

This paper describes international statistical standards in the context of the product life cycle. To set the stage, the historical evolution of standardization is traced from the Xia Dynasty of China to the present. The transition from local standards geared for manufacturing to national and then international standards is highlighted with acceptance sampling standards. International statistical standards now cover a broad range of topics beyond acceptance sampling, so a scheme is needed to organize them into a coherent structure. The product Life cycle provides just such a framework. The product Life cycle (which is subsumed to include service, as well) is partitioned into four main megaphases, namely: conception, development, delivery and maturity and death. Each megaphase is linked to relevant statistical methods in general and statistical standards in particular. A gap analysis identifies potential future directions of statistical standards developments and the attendant role that statisticians can continue to play in this arena.     

Analysis of space–time variability in agriculture and the environment with geostatistics

This paper gives an overview of space–time variability in agriculture and the environment. Analysis is based upon geostatistics in the framework of linear regression theory. Common procedures for spatial data are extended towards the space–time domain. Several practical studies are presented. The first study describes the use of REML to estimate semi-variogram models within the presence of trends. The second study describes the use of probability maps in an environmental statistical study. The third study describes the use of geostatistics in modelling the development of a disease in cabbage. Studies are evaluated using quadratic scoring rules.     

科技统计工作存在的不足及对策建议

科技统计工作应不断适应时代的发展和科技工作的要求。文章分析了目前在科技统计工作中存在的不足,并提出了相应的对策和建议。     

区块链技术在科技统计中的应用

区块链技术的快速发展以及其技术自身的去中心化、高稳定性、高可信性等技术特征为科技统计带来了新的应用机遇。本文创造性的针对区块链技术在科技统计中的发展应用进行研究,分析了区块链技术在统计系统场景中实现数据安全、数据真实、数据可追溯有效契合的技术优势。应合理布局并支持区块链技术发展,制定完善区块链技术和应用相关政策,大力培养区块链技术应用人才,推进区块链技术与科技统计深度融合,提高科技统计工作效率。     

论统计数据联网直报的应用与发展

利用联网直报采集统计数据,以科学合理的指标体系为基本需求框架,建立统计部门数据共享,有计划地对全市政府统计部门、政府各职能部门以及国民经济行业主管部门需要搜集的社会经济数据资源进行持续地收集、整合、存储和管理。     

科技金融对区域绿色全要素生产率影响的实证研究--基于全局DEA数学统计方法

提升绿色全要素生产率是实现高质量发展目标的关键措施。论文利用全局DEA数学统计方法,重点实证分析了科技金融对区域绿色全要素生产率的影响。研究认为:科技金融对区域绿色全要素生产率的提升具有显著促进作用。东部地区科技金融对绿色全要素生产率的提升效应大于中部地区,且中部地区的科技金融对绿色全要素生产率的提升效应大于西部地区。     

International Statistics at the Millennium: Progressing or Regressing?*

To assess the current state of international statistics at the commencement of a new millennium, a small retrospective study is presented. Such a study is necessarily statistical, and its intrinsic biases are discussed. Based upon past data a specific prediction for the distant future is advanced.     

Qualitative methodology and its pitfalls in educational research

There is considerable controversy in educational research with respect to the use of qualitative and quantitative data and as to what constitutes scientific research. The objective of this study is to explore the degree to which in-service teachers understand the difference between qualitative/quantitative data and methods, validity/authenticity, generalization and how these can be used to solve problems faced by the teachers. The study is based on 84 participants who had registered for a 10-week course on Methodology of Investigation in Education, as part of their Master’s degree program. The course is based on 11 readings drawing on a history and philosophy of science perspective (positivism, constructivism, Popper, Kuhn, Lakatos). Course activities included written reports, class room discussions based on participants’ presentations, and written exams. Based on the results obtained it is concluded: (a) Most participants understood that the problem to be investigated precedes the method and determines the methodology to be used; (b) As all observations are theory-laden, it is preferable that interpretations based on both qualitative and quantitative data be allowed to compete in order to provide validity to our research findings; (c) The difference between validity and authenticity was controversial and most participants considered the need for interpreting data and hence favored authenticity; (d) Discussions led to the idea of ‘degrees of validity’ as both validity in the quantitative sense and authenticity in the qualitative sense, ultimately depend on critical appraisals of the community; (e) Generalizability of results obtained from qualitative studies was a controversial topic and most participants agreed that it is not desirable to generalize; (f) Discussions suggested an alternative: In both qualitative and quantitative research generalizability is possible, provided we are willing to grant that our conceptions/theories are not entirely grounded in empirical evidence but rather on the degree to which the community can uphold such a consensus; (g) Most teachers considered the use of participant observation in qualitative research as non-controversial. Class discussions led to the understanding that emphasizing observations may lead us to the Aristotelian ideal of empirical science; (h) Formulation of hypotheses, manipulation of variables, and the quest for causal variables was considered by many teachers to be equivalent to the scientific method. Discussions facilitated the understanding that this led to idealization and thus helped to reduce the complexity of a problem.     

对统计数据进行科学组织与管理的探讨

对统计数据进行科学组织与管理是统计系统的迫切需求,文章通过剖析统计数据的特点,指出了科学组织与管理统计数据必须解决的问题,并提出了一种统计数据库系统中统计数据的组织与管理方案。     

Cecrops,King of Athens: the First (?) Recorded Population Census in History

In 16th century B.C., Cecrops, the legendary first king of Athens, took a census of his subjects that had all the properties of a population census. Each person was commanded to cast a single stone and by counting the stones, it was found that they were twenty thousand inhabitants. With respect to the history of statistics, this Cecrops’ census appears to be (?) the earliest real recorded population census ever reported.     

档案利用数据统计与实际效益

当前在档案信息资源开发利用和信息反馈工作中存在的主要问题,严重影响了档案事业的健康发展。对此,文中指出了开发利用档案信息资源获得档案实际效益的基本做法,重点对档案利用数据统计与档案实际效益进行了探讨。     

文学与科学相结合:优化河北科普传媒的途径研究

在现代社会,知识比以往任何时候都更加重要,所以科普起着至关重要的作用。近年来河北科普事业取得了长足发展,也面临着明显问题和不足。科普向来是一种多层面的社会活动,但科普研究界很少聚焦于文学。科普的目的是缩短科学家和公众的距离。大众传媒是科普的主要途径。但在市场经济的激烈竞争中,由于科普内容缺少趣味性,大众传媒的科普功能正趋于减弱。而公众对科技的需求却在日益增强。因此,科普传媒需要吸纳新的元素以提升其科普功能。由于文学具有很强的趣味性,如果和各种媒体结合,尤其是网络媒体和印刷媒体,必然会提升传媒的科普效力。