A review of the IFRS adoption literature

This paper reviews the literature on the effects of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adoption. It aims to provide a cohesive picture of empirical archival literature on how IFRS adoption affects: financial reporting quality, capital markets, corporate decision making, stewardship and governance, debt contracting, and auditing. In addition, we also present discussion of studies that focus on specific attributes of IFRS, and also provide detailed discussion of research design choices and empirical issues researchers face when evaluating IFRS adoption effects. We broadly summarize the development of the IFRS literature as follows: The majority of early studies paint IFRS as bringing significant benefits to adopting firms and countries in terms of (i) improved transparency, (ii) lower costs of capital, (iii) improved cross-country investments, (iv) better comparability of financial reports, and (v) increased following by foreign analysts. However, these documented benefits tended to vary significantly across firms and countries. More recent studies now attribute at least some of the earlier documented benefits to factors other than adoption of new accounting standards per se, such as enforcement changes. Other recent studies examining the effects of IFRS on the inclusion of accounting numbers in formal contracts point out that IFRS has lowered the contractibility of accounting numbers. Finally, we observe substantial variation in empirical designs across papers which makes it difficult to reconcile differences in their conclusions.     

Rethinking models of technology adoption for Internet banking: The role of website features

Research on the adoption of information technology, drawing on models borrowed from social psychology, typically views adoption as a function of individual attitudes, the influence of others, perception of ability to perform a particular behaviour, and facilitating factors. A significant limitation of these models, in technology-adoption situations, is failure to consider the features of the technology itself. This essentially theoretical paper introduces the construct ‘website features’ as potentially influential in technology adoption, and specifically Internet banking. Research evidence on the salience of such features is reviewed, and it is argued that the effective features and their impacts differ along the stages of the customer purchase process. A theoretical framework is developed for evaluating website design in relation to these stages. Incorporating this construct into existing models, it is argued, will advance marketing theory in an online environment and assist website designers in enhancing website effectiveness to the benefit of the business–customer relationship.     

The effect of heterogeneous risk on the early adoption of Internet banking technologies

Financial service providers have increasingly offered customers new remote access to such services, with Internet banking being the latest example. While Internet banking has been available for years, the early adoption by customers of this technology was disappointing to most. This paper examines the demand for remote access to banking accounts by consumers and finds that when the technology is new, the traditional risk return models including variables allowing for heterogeneous risk add power in modeling the adoption decision. Perceived risks in Internet banking are seen to be responsible for some of the hesitation to adopt. Ironically, older consumers are found to be less likely to adopt Internet banking regardless of their risk tolerances. However, younger consumers are found to be early adopters only when they have relatively high levels of risk tolerance.     

Exploring the adoption of a service innovation: A study of Internet banking adopters and non-adopters

Internet banking (IB) is the latest and most innovative service offered by the banks in Turkey. However, recent indicators regarding IB use in Turkey show that the majority of the Internet users have not adopted the service. The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors affecting the process of IB adoption and to characterise different IB adopter and non-adopter segments in Turkey. The paper adopted a multi-method approach employing qualitative and quantitative types of research. The findings showed that IB adopters and non-adopters have different perceptual, experience related, socioeconomic and situational characteristics. It was further revealed that besides the perceptual factors related to IB use, perceptual factors in relation to the banks in Turkey were also influential in IB adoption process. The paper applied an extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) with Diffusion of Innovation Theory and Theory of Perceived Risk to characterise different IB adopter and non-adopter categories. The paper provided a methodological contribution to the adoption literature by applying the TAM to the context of the Turkish bank market and studying the issue in a multi-method research format.     

网上银行:一个战略制高点

最近,在美国《环球金融》杂志举办的2003年度“最佳网上银行”评选活动中,中国工商银行被评为“中国最佳个人网上银行”。这是工商银行今年继获得“中国最佳银行”之后从美国《环球金融》杂志捧回的第二个奖项。而国内最早推出网上银行并且业绩卓著的招商银行,此前也获得有国际     

Consumer adoption of Internet banking in Jordan: Examining the role of hedonic motivation,habit, self-efficacy and trust

Despite the rapid growth of Internet banking (IB), customers in developing countries still hesitate to adopt this technology and its use in the Middle East remains low. This study aims to identify and examine the factors that predict behavioural intention and adoption of IB in Jordan. Four factors – hedonic motivation, habit, self-efficacy and trust – are proposed in a conceptual model. Data was collected by means of a survey with bank customers in Jordan. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to analyse the data. The results strongly supported the conceptual model. Further, hedonic motivation, habit, self-efficacy and trust were all confirmed to have a significant influence on behavioural intention. Trust was found to be strongly predicted by both hedonic motivation and self-efficacy. This study provides both academics and practitioners with an insight into the factors that can be used to encourage customer adoption of IB specifically in a Middle East context.     

城区特征对商业银行住房抵押贷款决策的影响：国外研究综述与启示

城区特征通过多种途径影响商业银行的住房抵押贷款决策。商业银行可以根据城区特征判断一个城区的住房抵押贷款的违约风险,进而确定对该城区的最低首付款比例或拒贷率。本文通过分析国外城区特征对商业银行住房抵押贷款决策的影响机制,联系我国实际情况,指出我国商业银行根据城区特征进行住房抵押贷款决策具有合理性,建议商业银行密切关注城区住房价格波动率,并且政府应该限制中低收入城区商业银行的数量。     

The adoption of internet banking: An institutional theory perspective

Several models have been proposed in the literature to understand technology acceptance in which social environmental factors are not primarily addressed. Drawing upon the social contagion theory and institutional theory, this study proposes a model to examine three social environmental factors of normative, coercive and mimetic pressures within the internet banking (IB) context. The model is tested using survey data from 124 respondents. The results reveal that normative and coercive pressures significantly influence the attitude and intention of adopting IB, while mimetic pressures appear not to. Attitude plays a mediating role between institutional pressures and IB adoption. This study spearheads an institutional analysis at the individual level within the IB context. The findings also provide valuable insights for bank managers to manage the IB services.     

Mature Australian consumers' adoption and consumption of self-service banking technologies

The slow diffusion of self-service banking technologies (SSBTs) into the mature consumer market necessitates research to understand better this growing section of the population and the diversity that exists within this market. This research analyses the 50+ market through a segmentation approach based on the level of use of SSBTs. Three segments were identified: non-users, low users and medium-to-high users of SSBTs; these are profiled by frequency of use and demographic variables. The medium-to-high user segment embraces a range of SSBTs and uses credit cards to facilitate their financial activities. Non-users and some low users prefer the customary way of conducting transactions and enjoy the personal interaction with the bank employee. These two segments do, however, have a moderate level of credit card use. Finally, a small percentage of diffusion discontinuance was identified in this study of the mature consumer market.     

银行业基层信息科技安全问题不容忽视

随着信息技术的发展，几乎所有的银行业务都要通过计算机和网络技术收集、加工、处理。信息以一种资产的方式存在于银行业中，并早已成为银行业赖以生存、发展的基础，同时信息资产风险也是银行业资产风险的核心部位。信息资产风险会对银行产生全面、系统的影响，也会连带地产生声誉风险和法律风险。特别是近两年来银行业数据集中程度不断提高，信息科技风险已成为影响银行业金融机构稳健运行的重要因素。     

International diversification for the individual: A review

This paper reviews aspects of the literature on international investing that should be of interest to individual investors. Three modern issues are covered: (1) the benefits of international diversification as the global markets continue to integrate; (2) the problem of currency exposure; and (3) effective means of achieving international diversification. Strategies are discussed which enable the individual to apply suggestions from the research. By restricting the scope of the review to issues of most interest to the individual, we do not review research on international asset pricing theory and international market efficiency and “anomalies.”     

Electronic commerce and the marketing of Internet banking in the UK

Recent market research findings and financial services consultants' reports have signalled that electronic commerce will play an increasingly important role in consumers' future financial lives. This paper discusses such evidence and seeks to contextualise the debate on the future of banking through a discussion of consumers' financial behaviour, the UK Government's position and an analysis of UK financial providers' current marketing of Internet banking services to consumers.     

电子银行的本质与发展模式

近年来,国内商业银行致力于信息化建设,大力发展电子银行业务,以尽快缩短与国外先进银行的差距。电子银行逐渐成为银行业的一种新的商业模式,对传统银行的服务模式、营销模式和管理模式提出了挑战。在电子银行的发展过程中,各家商业银行对其本质、发展模式的认识和选择还存在一些分歧,本文试图在总结国内外理论和实践的基础上,对这些问题进行分析。文中提出了电子银行发展的四种理论模式(支持部门模式、事业部模式、公司化模式和战略伙伴模式),并对各种模式的优劣进行了对比分析,对电子银行的发展提供有益的借鉴。     

A review of the empirical disclosure literature: discussion

Healy and Palepu, J. Account. Econ. (2001), this issue, provide a broad review of the empirical disclosure literature. This discussion focuses on the empirical voluntary disclosure literature, and assumes firms’ disclosure policies are endogenously determined by the same forces that shape firms’ governance structures and management incentives. This provides not only a more focused view of the literature, but also alternative explanations for some of the results discussed in Review and specific suggestions for future research.     

Cooperative financial institutions: A review of the literature

Financial cooperatives play an important role in the financial systems of many countries. They act as a safe haven for deposits and are major sources of credit for households and small- and medium-sized firms. A not-for-profit orientation (in many cases) and a focus on maximising benefits to members have ensured the enduring popularity and sustainability of financial cooperatives. This is particularly evident since the global financial crisis when financial cooperatives continued to extend credit to members as many profit-orientated commercial banks restricted credit to households and firms. The overarching theme of the first part of this review is the structural and behavioural characteristics of financial cooperatives. In this part we consider, the origin and diffusion of financial cooperatives, network arrangements, the business model, relationship banking, balancing the interest of members, tax treatment and regulatory framework. The second part has performance and contribution to the real economy as the overarching theme. In this part we consider, efficiency and sustainability, mergers, acquisitions and failures, the benefits (and challenges) of FinTech and the contribution of financial cooperatives to the real economy including during times of crisis. The paper concludes with a summary of what we now know (and do not know) about financial cooperatives and provides suggestions as to where future research may usefully concentrate.     

Using the extended innovation attributes framework and consumer personal characteristics as predictors of internet banking adoption

The presumed dominant role of usability attributes (ie usefulness and ease of use) in predicting consumer adoption of a technologically based innovation (eg internet banking — IB) is reexamined, by using an extended framework, which, apart from usability, incorporates the social and psychological aspects of the adoption process. Furthermore, given that IB has been around for almost a decade, it is high time to update the profile of the potential adopters. Results, underscore the role of social factors as predictors of potential IB adopters, whereas the demographic profile of future IB adopters displays important differences compared to that of those already using IB. Possible explanations are discussed, along with implication for practitioners and suggestions for future research.     

A bibliometric review of dividend policy literature

This study systematically reviews the dividend policy literature, combining quantitative and qualitative techniques. We screened a sample of 270 articles retrieved from the Scopus database from 1981 to 2022. We contribute to the literature by identifying six research streams based on bibliometric co-citation analysis: (1) Dividend payment practices, (2) Price–dividend relationship, (3) Capital market valuation, and dividend policy, (4) Risk governance and dividend policy, (5) Taxes and dividend policy, and (6) The dividend disconnects and catering incentives. For each of these streams, the central research theme is outlined, allowing us to recommend potential directions for further investigation. We provide influential journals, authors, topics, articles, and institutions from our analyses. We also contribute 77 research questions that can be explored in future research to develop the field of dividend policy. Our findings should be of value to academics, financial executives, policymakers, investors, and other practitioners.     

新加坡金融管理局《网上银行技术风险管理指引》(三)

九、系统恢复及保持业务连续性任何电脑系统都不可能实现不可破坏,其安全性能不可能是无坚不摧的,因此应急准备和良好的恢复能力是十分关键的。系统恢复和业务持续的优先顺序必须明确,应急准备必须进行测试和演习,以便将由严重事故引起的业务和运行中断最小化。     

网银安全,以人为本——美国银行(亚洲)网上银行安全措施的启示

近年来，不断出现的网上银行安全事件引发了一连串关于“网上银行到底安全还是不安全”的争论和探讨。其结论大体是，银行认为网上银行从技术上讲是非常安全的，出现问题的原因主要是用户的安全意识淡薄和防范措施不够；而消费者则认为银行应该对安全事件负主要责任，网上银行应该既能防范黑客入侵又能防止账户被盗。其实，银行已经建立了比较完善的诸如数字证书等安全认证手段，用户只要严格按照相关规定进行操作，安全问题就基本可以避免。但如此简单的道理和方法，为何个人素质普遍较高的网上银行用户却不知道、不理解或不愿使用呢？尽管安全的网上银行需要银行和客户携手打造，但是银行作为网上银行的发起者和推动者，在保证网银安全方面无疑起着主导作用。对银行来说，网银安全决不仅仅是技术层面的问题。技术之外，银行还有很多功课要做。     

资产价格与货币政策：一个理论综述

该文对近几年国内外学术界对资产价格如何影响实体经济,货币政策是否应该考虑资产价格,如何将资产价格纳入到货币政策指标体系中等问题的研究进行了理论综述。文章认为,资产价格变动会通过财富效应,托宾Q值效应,金融加速器效应和预期效应等影响实体经济活动,但学者们对货币政策是否应该考虑资产价格以及如何将资产价格纳入到货币政策指标体系中始终存在不同看法。