浅析货物视同销售业务会计处理

货物视同销售业务的会计处理涉及到增值税、企业所得税及企业会计准则的相关规定,由于税法与会计准则对视同销售收入的认定不同,使得货物视同销售业务在会计处理上容易出现这样或那样的错误做法,令许多会计实务工作者和学习者对这类业务的会计处理感到非常困惑。因此,要正确进行货物视同销售业务的会计处理不仅需要理清会计准则与税法对视同销售认定存在的差异,还得理清增值税与企业所得税对视同销售认定存在的差异。     

略谈企业自产自用应税产品的会计处理

略谈企业自产自用应税产品的会计处理崔化宇新税制顺利实施的同时，有些问题也亟待解决，本文想就企业自产自用应税产品的会计处理谈些意见。根据《中华人民共和国增值税暂行条例实施细则》第四条规定，企业代销产品、自产自用等八种情况应“视同销售货物”。《中华人民共...     

视同销售业务在增值税和企业所得税中会计和税务处理差异浅析

随着市场经济的不断发展,企业规模不断扩大,企业发生的经济业务也变得日益复杂,视同销售行为在增值税和企业所得税中也极为常见,正确从会计和税务两个不同角度处理视同销售行为,成为会计等专业在校学生和正在从事会计、税务等工作人员十分棘手的问题,本文根据新《企业会计准则》和税法政策就视同销售行为在增值税和企业所得税中会计与税务处理差异进行分析。     

房地产企业开发产品视同销售的会计处理与纳税调整

近年来，有些房地产企业对于视同销售行为，由于没有进行正确的会计处理及纳税调整，造成企业会计信息披露不准确，年度企业所得税申报错误，甚至承担不必要的税负。因此，结合工作实践，对房地产企业视同销售行为会计处理与纳税调整的相关问题进行了整理。     

浅析视同销售会计准则与税法规定的异同

视同销售业务在会计处理上涉及到是否缴纳流转税和企业所得税的问题,其本身并不复杂,但由于在企业会计准则和相关税法规定中对视同销售含义并不是很明确,同时视同销售种类比较繁杂,又处于新企业所得税法规和新企业会计准则誉代原有的规定之时,在实务操作时难免有混淆之处.本文不与原规定进行比较分析,只在现行的会计准则和税法规定中对视同销售业务如何处理进行简要分析.     

几种视同销售会计与税务处理比较

对于视同销售业务,在会计、增值税、企业所得税的处理中存在许多差异,这些差异源于相关法规对视同销售的规定不完全一致,从而导致了纳税申报时需要进行纳税调整.在实务操作中,这些"繁杂"的差异很容易被忽视,因为类似业务都不产生"看得见、摸得着"的收入,这些错误的认识、错误的做法都将产生涉税风险.正确理解和运用会计和各税种对视同销售业务的概念、范围、处理方法显然非要必要.新企业所得税明确了"将资产移送他人"的几种视同销售情形的处理方法,本文将对这几种情形作个简要的比较分析.     

视同销售货物税法与会计准则处理的差异分析

随着社会经济的发展，税法与会计的差异越来越受到财务人员的关注，只有处理好两者之间的差异，才能在正确记录经济业务的同时准确确定纳税金额，进而计算出所需缴纳的税费，避免企业因错误处理而受到处罚的情况发生。本文首先阐述了会计和税法关于收入确认和视同销售的规定，然后针对消费税视同销售与增值税、企业所得税会计视间销售差异进行对比分析，最后探讨了企业视同销售行为的会计处理对财务报表的影响。     

关于企业以应税消费品换取股权投资的会计处理

按照1993年12月30日财政部发布的《企业执行新税收条例有关会计处理规定》及其有关补充规定:企业以放弃自产的应纳消费税的产品(以下简称应税消费品)换取股权投资,属于视同销售货物行为,应计算自产应税消费品的增值税和消费税,并计入长期投资账户。 按照2001年新修订的《企业会计准则-投资》和新制定的《企业会计制度》的规定:企业以放弃     

视同销售会计与税法处理的差异及协调

对于视同销售业务,会计和税法在处理上存在诸多差异,会计上是否确认销售收入是我们应关注的重点。另外,增值税和企业所得税对其也有不同的规定。这些差异,使得企业在实务操作中税务处理较为复杂,会计操作难度较大,因此许多企业在处理视同销售业务时经常出现混淆,导致多缴或少缴税款。所以,从现实情况来看,加强对视同销售会计和税法差异的...     

视同销售行为在煤炭企业的应用分析

企业所得税法和增值税法对视同销售货物行为的规定不同,在会计核算上的处理方法也不相同,给会计工作者也带来了困惑。本文根据企业会计准则及税法的相关规定,对视同销售货物行为进行本质上的区分,并且从煤炭企业的视同销售行为出发分析当前煤炭企业在会计核算应注意的事项。     

浅析新会计准则下的资产减值准备变革

1998年中国会计准则引入资产减值准备的规定,2000年,财政部颁布的《企业会计制度》和《企业会计准则》将原来的四项资产减值准备扩大成了八项资产减值准备。2006年2月,财政部正式颁布《企业会计准则第8号-资产减值》。资产减值准备的处理已经深入人心。只有完善信息价格市场和资产评估体系,企业各项资产的公允价值和市价才能得到公正合理的反映,让企业资产减值准备的计提有章可循,体现会计核算的公允性和客观性。     

Corporate tax policy and heterogeneous firm innovation: Evidence from a developing country

This paper adds to the literature by identifying the causality of corporate tax policy on firm innovation in a developing country. We exploit the China’s 2006 corporate income tax base reform to integrate the tax system between foreign-invested and state/collective-controlled firms as a natural experiment. The difference-in-differences strategy documents a positive effect of corporate tax deduction on firm patenting. The effect is particularly significant if a firm is of larger size or locates in eastern provinces. We also examine possible channels behind the findings, including changes in R&D and capital investment, intangible assets, financial constraints, and new product sales.     

关于增值税会计的几点思考

增值税是对商品生产和流通中各环节的增值额进行征税。按照增值税对购进固定资产所含进项税额扣除时间的不同,分为生产型、收入型和消费型。我国自1994年实施税制改革以来,有关增值税会计的问题一直是人们议论较多的话题,这除了因税收法规的不断变化而对会计产生的影响以外,主要原因还在于人们对增值税会计属性的认识以及在实际工作上所存在的财务会计与税务会计的矛盾所致。针对日常业务的几个比较难以理解的问题,提出自观点和看法。     

税收负担对企业固定资产投资的影响——基于税种差异视角的研究

本文以2003—2018年中国上市企业数据为样本,从税种差异视角分析了增值税有效税率与企业所得税有效税率变化对企业固定资产投资的影响。研究发现,增值税有效税率与企业固定资产投资的关系依赖于宏观经济环境和企业税负转嫁能力。具体而言,在经济上行期或税负转嫁能力较强的企业中,增值税有效税率降低促进了企业固定资产投资增加。所得税有效税率与企业固定资产投资之间始终为显著负相关关系。所得税有效税率的降低可以通过增强企业内外部融资能力来促进其固定资产投资增加,特别是当企业债务风险相对较低时,所得税有效税率下降对固定资产投资的正向影响效果会随企业融资约束程度的上升而增大。本文分析在一定程度上说明了不同税种的税负变化对企业投资产生差异化影响,进而为减税助力企业投资提供了新的微观经验证据。     

增值税转型对固定资产会计处理的变化及特例

增值税转型造成了固定资产核算过程中,因固定资产购置时间不同和原购置时增值税的处理不同,从而使固定资产新增时增值税进项税、视同销售时销项税的处理发生了改变。购进用于非应税项目等的固定资产不允许抵扣进项税额;纳税人销售自己使用过的固定资产要区分不同情形征收增值税;纳税人已抵扣进项税额的固定资产用于非增值税应税项目,以及自制或购进固定资产发生非正常损失要在当月按原适用税率计算并转出不得抵扣的进项税额。通过增值税转型后固定资产核算特例,详细分析了增值税转型前后的变化与纳税影响。     

Why the European Union Should Adopt Formula Apportionment with a Sales Factor*

Using a two‐country tax competition model with a multinational enterprise (MNE), this paper addresses the question of whether the European Union should replace separate accounting (SA) in corporate income taxation by formula apportionment (FA) and, if so, which apportionment factors should be used. Our main result is that FA with a sales factor may mitigate or even eliminate fiscal externalities caused by the countries' tax policy. Hence, our analysis provides a microfoundation for the sales apportionment factor. In an empirical calibration to the EU‐15 we show that the transition from SA to FA with a sales‐only formula raises average tax rates by 2% and average tax revenues by 1 billion euros or 0.1% of GDP. These effects result in an increase of welfare.     

我国流转税收入分配效应的实证分析

对2002-2009年我国增值税、消费税和营业税在不同收入户城镇居民间的分布及其对收入分配的影响进行综合分析,可得出三点基本判断:一是增值税表现出明显的累退性,且累退的症结在于适用低税率商品的消费需求缺乏收入弹性;二是不同消费品的调节效果相互抵消,消费税对收入分配的整体影响并不明显,但呈逐步向累进性发展的趋势;三是营业税表现出稳定的累进性。全部流转税呈现非常轻微的累退性,决定流转税收入调节效果的主导因素是消费品的需求收入弹性。通过恰当选择课税对象和实施差别税率,特定流转税完全有可能起到缩小收入分配差距的作用。     

The estate tax and the demise of the family business

This paper uses data from San Francisco probate records to estimate if, and to what extent, the estate tax forces the sale of family businesses and farms; this question cannot be addressed with estate tax return data. Farmers and small business owners frequently complain that the estate tax makes it difficult to pass their operations on to their heirs. If there are insufficient liquid assets in the entrepreneur's estate, the heirs may be forced to sell the enterprise in order to pay the estate tax. Using variation in tax liability from state and federal tax changes in 1982, I estimate the effect of the estate tax on business sales. Estimates from models using cross-year tax variation and a difference-in-difference strategy provide some evidence for a positive effect of the estate tax on sales, although it is difficult to link this to explicit measures of liquidity need.     

Taxation and household portfolio composition: US evidence from the 1980s and 1990s

This paper explores the relationship between household marginal income tax rates, the set of financial assets that households own, and the portfolio shares accounted for by each of these assets. It analyzes data from the 1983, 1989, 1992, 1995, and 1998 Surveys of Consumer Finances and develops a new algorithm for imputing federal marginal tax rates to households in these surveys. The empirical findings suggest that marginal tax rates have important effects on asset allocation decisions. The probability that a household owns tax-advantaged assets, such as tax-exempt bonds or assets held in tax-deferred accounts, is positively related to its tax rate on ordinary income. In addition, the portfolio share invested in corporate stock, which is taxed less heavily than interest bearing assets, is increasing in the household’s ordinary income tax rate. Holdings of heavily taxed assets, such as interest-bearing accounts, decline as a share of wealth as a household’s marginal tax rate increases.     

A tax discrepancy coefficient resulting from tax evasion or tax expenditures

Tax evasion and tax expenditures introduce discrepancies between taxpayers. In this paper, a tax discrepancy coefficient has been worked out in order to establish, given a constant tax yield, what bigger or smaller amounts taxpayers would have to pay if tax evasion or tax expenditures were completely eliminated. After the definition of the coefficients these are calculated for individual income tax returns in Belgium. Similar coefficients can be established for other types of taxation, such as inheritance tax, corporate income tax or even sales tax (e.g. V.A.T.).