农村私人借贷与农民收入增长研究——以20世纪50年代前期鄂、湘、赣、粤4省为中心北大核心CSSCISSCI

20世纪50年代前期,农村私人借贷活动的发生程度与当地经济的增长存在一定的正相关性,农村私人借贷较为活跃的地区,也是农村经济较为发达的地区。农户经济发展不只意味着经济收入水平的增长,同时还意味着私人借贷活动发生的面积扩大,农村私人借贷在促进农民收入增长中起到了一定程度的作用。     

G-20

一、什么是G-20 G-20是促进发达国家与新兴工业国家就保证世界经济稳定增长展开具有开放性、建设性对话的非正式论坛。G-20通过促进国际金融体系建设、增进各国政府间的对话与交流、增强国际合作、加强国际金融机构的协作，帮助世界实现可持续发展和经济全球化。     

浙江金华地区典当业成长与经济发展

在市场经济日益成熟，金融市场制度逐步规范发展，金融体制改革全面深化推进的大背景下，典当业，这一兼具工商业、准金融业性质的行业成长势头迅猛。据统计，2006年全国典当增长额达40％。浙江是民营经济大省，而金华历来是民间资本流动最活跃的地区，典当业发展更是如日中天，为金华乃至周边地区的社会经济发展带来了可观的正面效应。但是，民间借贷、社会融资等违法违规现象以及典当行业自身的问题，给典当业进一步发展带来瓶颈，出于这一考量，金华市典当监督部门组织力量进行了调研。     

典当行变身

作为一个特殊行业，典当业有着悠久的历史。20世纪80年代末，典当行业在我国开始复苏，随着政策的逐步放开和我国市场经济的稳步发展，我国的典当业经历了一个从无到有、从小到大、从乱到洽的发展过程，典当公司的数量逐步增加，整体实力不断增强，经营规模稳步扩大，同时规范化程度也有明显提高。传统上，典当一直作为救穷和维持生计的工具而存在，随着典当业的迅速发展，典当公司的功能定位、经营范围和服务对象也发生了颠覆性的变化。目前，尽管典当公司仍然经营着黄金、珠宝、手表等传统民品典当业务，但其业务重心由其传统的救穷和维持生计转变到救急和短期融资上来，     

扶植典当行业有助于缓解中小企业融资窘境

尽管中国的中小企业为中国经济增长做出了巨大贡献，然而，它们却很难从中国资本、货币市场和商业银行获得充分的信贷支持。资金不足和融资能力不强已经成为中小企业发展的主要障碍。在今年”两会”召开前夕，针对上述问题，专家呼吁扶植典当业来化解中小企业融资窘境。与其它金融工具相比，典当融资借贷灵活、手续简便、时效性强，风险度低，还能平抑市场利率。     

G20中的限薪角力

在金融危机一周年之际，期待中的G20金融峰会如期在美国匹兹堡召开，可见全球危机一揽子解决方案对各国政府机构的号召力。不过，各利益联盟毫不例外地暗自发力，各打各自的如意算盘：美国人希望讨论银行增加资本充足率，尽快恢复银行的借贷意欲，协助经济及早复苏；而欧盟则在G20召开的前一天在布鲁塞尔预会上达成统一口径，     

清代前期汉口金融业的发展北大核心CSSCISSCI

清代前期汉口是长江流域重要的流通枢纽城市,埠际贸易十分发达。因应于这一地位,汉口的典当、银钱、票号等传统金融业非常活跃,是我国传统经济条件下的金融中心之一。而且伴随商业繁荣发展,汉口的金融服务业务不断扩展,从典当业之动产抵押借贷,到钱庄、票号的信用借贷;从单纯的银钱兑换,到存放款、发行钱票、庄票;从本地汇划,到异地汇兑等等出现了一系列新变化,有助于开埠后中国金融业的混合制度变迁与现代化转型。     

典当行的博弈机理及创新空间

典当业是人类最古老的行业之一，堪称现代金融业的鼻祖，迄今已有1600多年的历史。在当代发达国家，典当业并没有因为现代银行业的快速发展而使其在经济中的地位和作用有所减弱，相反有加强的趋势。在美国，典当行十多年来增加了一倍多，现已发展到15000多家，贷款总额高达90亿美元。我国的典当业发端于南朝佛寺，入俗于大唐     

清代前期汉口金融业的发展

清代前期汉口是长江流域重要的流通枢纽城市,埠际贸易十分发达。因应于这一地位,汉口的典当、银钱、票号等传统金融业非常活跃,是我国传统经济条件下的金融中心之一。而且伴随商业繁荣发展,汉口的金融服务业务不断扩展,从典当业之动产抵押借贷,到钱庄、票号的信用借贷;从单纯的银钱兑换,到存放款、发行钱票、庄票;从本地汇划,到异地汇兑等等出现了一系列新变化,有助于开埠后中国金融业的混合制度变迁与现代化转型。     

典当业的立法思考

典当是我国一种传统的融资借贷方式,具有融通资金、便捷利民的社会功能,虽历经兴衰却沿用至今。20世纪80年代末,典当业在改革开放的大潮中重新复出,发展迅速。我国目前的典当业立法,存在着立法效力低下、规则冲突严重、立法定位不当等种种缺陷,已经严重制约了我国典当业的发展,笔者提出应当及早制定单行的《典当业商法》已适应快速发展的典当业实践,并提出若干建议完善现行立法,以求为典当业健康、有序的发展"保驾护航"。     

Identifying the poor in the 1870s and 1880s1

Poverty lines devised throughout England and Wales in the 1870s and 1880s defined ‘the poor’, a new class not recognized by the poor law. This article provides an account of the poverty lines adopted, mainly by school boards, in about 40 different places; the context in which they were developed; and what has been retrieved of the reasons determining the adoption of specific poverty lines. In particular, it examines the principal controversies surrounding them, and the challenge they posed to the poor law; and, incidentally, compares them to the poverty lines proposed, many years later, by Booth and Rowntree.     

“再工业化”对我国制造业的影响

“再工业化”的时代特征是以先进制造业为代表重构实体经济.金融危机过后,为振兴经济,美国开始重视国内产业尤其是先进制造业的发展,推进“再工业化”战略重塑竞争优势.目前我国制造业整体特征是大而不强,因此树立以“资本换技术”的理念,抓住“再工业化”契机,以制造业,尤其是装备制造业为龙头,大力扩展海外技术并购,应是我国由制造大国向强国转变的不二选择.     

Japan＇s Bubble,the USA＇s Bubble and China＇s Bubble

This paper compares the three recent episodes of boom and bust cycles in asset prices: Japan in the late 1980s to the 1990s; the USA since the mid‐1990s; and China during the past decade. Although we have not yet seen a collapse of Chinese property prices, their increases so far are comparable to those in the other two episodes and a careful comparative study is warranted. The present paper first examines the behavior of asset prices, of property prices in particular, in the three cases, and highlights some similarities. The paper emphasizes the role played by extremely easy monetary policy in generating bubble‐like asset price behavior in the three cases. The reason for easy monetary policies is investigated. In the US case, the monetary authority was concerned about the risk of deflation in the early to mid‐2000s. The experiences of Japan and China are quite similar in that the monetary authorities of both countries were seriously concerned about the possible deflationary effects of exchange rate appreciation on the economy. The implications of such a finding for the future of Chinese macroeconomic policy are discussed.     

Mexico's development strategy for the 1980s

In examining the problems and prospects of the Mexican economy in the 1980s. the main concern of this paper is whether Mexico will use its new found wealth to correct some of the major deficiences of past policies or whether the development of the energy sector will further increase the dualism between the modern and traditional sectors. This paper surveys the major problems now facing the economy (poverty and unemployment, declining agricultural production, a weak industrial base, inflation) and then discusses the framework in which Mexico proposes to deal with these problems, in particular the priority allocated to development of oil and gas. The policies are then compared briefly with the experience of Japan and Iran. The conclusion takes a critical view of current Mexican policies and suggests that a more equity-oriented and efficient growth strategy is required.     

The competitive position of the finnish sawmill industry in the 1920s and 1930s

Abstract

The days of glory of the Finnish sawn timber exporters lasted from the beginning of the twentieth century to the early 1930s. During this period the sawmill industry was unquestionable the major industrial sector in the country, measured by the gross value of its output. In foreign trade, sawn timber accounted for about 40% of Finland's total exports. In some years nearly half of the total export revenue was earned by this sector alone. At the end of the 1970s and the beginning of the 1980s, sawn timber accounted for only 7-8 % of exports and the sawmill industry had slipped far from the top, even measured by total output value.     

对20世纪60-80年代苏联开发西伯利亚的评价

20世纪60年代至80年代苏联加速开发西伯利亚取得的成就令人瞩目,使该地区经济获得很大发展,整体实力有所提高,其开发的经验及教训对我国西部开发有一定的借鉴作用。     

Railways and the Exploitation of Victoria's Forests, 1880s–1920s

Railways made a large contribution to the expansion of Victoria's economy, and in the process enabled and drove environmental change. This article focuses on one industry, forestry. It first examines railway demand for timber in construction and maintenance, particularly for sleepers. This demand caused tensions – a bitter dispute in the 1890s between the Railways Department and the Conservator of Forests, George Perrin, over timber cut on state land led to uneasy co-existence after the turn of the century. Railways not only required timber but also carried commercial quantities in bulk, providing forest industries with access to profitable markets – in particular firewood, the significance of which has been underappreciated previously. Forest products contributed substantially to railway revenue, representing a more stable source of income than other major categories of freight such as wheat, wool, and coal.     

Business responses to crisis in Indonesia: the 1930s and the 1990s

This article looks at the responses of foreign business firms to crisis in a comparative historical perspective. The focus is on Indonesia in the 1930s and the late 1990s. The main approach is one of case studies in order to gain an insight into strategies of adjustment to deteriorating business conditions. For the late 1990s, such information is supplemented by macroeconomic evidence covering a wider range of firms. The article reaffirms a basic resilience of foreign direct investment in times of economic crisis even when there is an overall economic decline, as in Indonesia in the 1990s. The capacity of foreign firms in Indonesia to adjust successfully was considerable both in the 1930s and the late 1990s. Yet, prospects for a swift recovery are far better in the latter case than in the former period, reflecting the different nature of the two crises.     

婚恋90

时间进入上世纪90年代初期,那个时候"三转一响”已经过时了,.三黄一窝鸡(机)"成为年轻人新的追求.三黄是指金项链、金耳环、金戒指,一窝鸡(机)就是彩电、冰箱、洗衣机.电视机替代广播成为百姓了解国内、国际大事小情的工具,电冰箱使人们可以一个星期只去一次菜市场,洗衣机彻底解放人们的双手,再也不用自己出力了.