Web服务创建新型处理模式

本首先对Web服务进行了概述，并在此基础上介绍了SOAP、XML、WSDL、UDDI的概念，分析了面向服务的分布或计算模式。最后提出了Web服务存在的问题，并对该技术的未来发展作出展望。     

XBRL技术基于SWOT矩阵分析法的应用研究

目前,XBRL作为一种新型的网络商务报告语言,它的及时性、高效性、可扩展性和信息共享性已对上市公司的财务报告产生了重大影响,它的应用极大地提高了财务报告的编制效率,提供了更为准确性的数据,且能实现不同数据间的无损转换,这样就满足了不同财务报告使用者的信息需求.因此,它将是未来企业的战略需求,只是它仍有部分的局限性,我们应通过加强XBRL知识的传播、构建安全的信息系统等措施为XBRL的应用创设良好的环境,保证XBRL技术在企业内部的良性、健康发展.     

XBRL环境下连续审计模式探析

随着互联网信息技术的发展,XBRL(Extensible Business Reporting Language,可扩展商业报告语言)环境下连续审计模式代表着我国审计模式发展的新方向。本文介绍了XBRL连续审计的概念框架,指出连续审计的技术要素,构建基于XBRL环境下连续审计模式,对连续审计在我国的应用推广提出建议,有效地推动审计模式的创新发展。     

基于云计算和XBRL的财务诊断模式探析

本文通过描述和分析传统财务诊断模式中存在的不足,提出在财务诊断中引入云计算和XBRL技术,构建基于两种技术相结合的财务诊断新模式,在保证财务数据安全性的条件下有效地提高财务诊断过程中的数据传输和数据计算效率,以增强财务诊断的效果、提高财务诊断的质量。     

基于XBRL的网络财务报告的应用

本文通过分析网络财务报告发展现状,认为XBRL是网络财务报告模式的最优工具,具体介绍基于XBRL的网络财务报告在我国的应用。     

基于XBRL的需求决定型会计报告模式研究

随着经济的发展和科学技术的进步,传统的供给导向型的会计报告模式已经不能满足信息使用者对信息快速传递、实时报告和按需报告的迫切需求,而XBRL技术为改进传统会计报告模式提供了条件。面对这种现状,在XBRL技术下建立一种以需求为导向、以用户为中心的会计报告模式就成为一种趋势。     

XBRL环境下财务报告鉴证框架的建构——基于XBRL财务报告元素的角度

基于XBRL财务报告元素的角度,构建了由总体鉴证目标(XBRL财务报告真实恰当地反映了企业的经济事实或者纸质报告)、具体鉴证目标(XBRL财务报告的合规性和可靠性)和管理层认定组成的XBRL环境下财务报告的鉴证框架,并对XBRL财务报告进行了鉴证,发现在XBRL财务呈报中出现了违反基本元素标记的完整性和元素数据的金额准确性等的错报。在XBRL财务报告的推进过程中需要贯彻实施通用分类标准,加快制定行业扩展分类标准,并加强对XBRL财务报告质量的人工校验以及完善编制流程的内部控制等。     

XBRL财务报告分类标准评价——基于财务报告分类与公司偏好的报告实务的匹配性研究

XBRL是网络财务报告向高级阶段发展的技术基础,可以改进信息的编报和使用。然而,XBRL财务报告生成和应用的一个关键问题是采用的财务报告分类与公司偏好的报告实务间能否很好的匹配,匹配性差将导致信息损失。本文仅针对财务报表附注项目,将12个行业117个上市公司2005年年报中披露的项目与上交所制定的《中国上市公司信息披露分类》标准中定义的相应标记匹配,发现二者间存在着较大的差异,并且行业间的差异不显著。我们认为XBRL网络财务报告目前还不适宜全面应用,当务之急是进一步修改完善分类标准。     

XBRL在我国推广应用的困境与出路探讨

互联网的运用使得全球经济瞬息万变,传统财务报告已经不能满足决策者们对财务和非财务信息的要求,大数据成为时下热门,但是对于如何获取经济数据以及如何把杂乱无章的数据进行分类标识以便于选取和快速应用依然是一大难题。XBRL作为依赖互联网技术成长的商业报告语言被寄予厚望。本文尝试分析世界各国已实施的XBRL项目成败,希望从中得出对我国XBRL推广发展的启示。     

上市银行XBRL财务报告现状及存在的问题

信息质量可靠是XBRL财务报告发展的根本动力。XBRL报告已在我国上市公司全面实施,因此需要对XBRL报告信息披露现状进行分析评价。本文通过对上海证券交易所上市银行XBRL报告与PDF报告的比较发现,XBRL报告存在报表项目漏报、报表项目错报、报表项目顺序排列错误、金额错报和漏报、金额符号错误、合计金额错误等六种问题。进而,就如何解决XBRL报告问题本文提出了一些建议,主要包括:改进XBRL报告报送系统、进一步推广应用XBRL分类标准、加强上市公司XBRL应用能力的培训、实现会计信息系统与XBRL的有效链接,同时还需要发展XBRL鉴证业务以进一步确保XBRL报告的可靠性。     

基于XBRL环境网络财务报告网页呈现质量实证研究

具有信息披露有效性和网站适航性的服务平台是高质量XBRL网络财务的基础。为分析XBRL网络财务报告示范服务平台的呈现效果,本文采用专家咨询法对服务平台的质量进行了评分,在此基础上对上海证券交易所、深圳证券交易所、台湾证券交易所、以色列证券交易所和美国证券交易委员会等所设置的XBRL示范服务平台从信息质量特征和网站适航性等方面进行比较与分析,提出了改进中国XBRL环境网络财务报告网页呈现质量的政策建议。     

网络财务报告：XBRL标准的理论基础研究

XBRL研发中由于没有一个现成的概念框架予以指导和规范,导致的问题是建立的信息标准缺乏必要的理论支持,XBRL报告的内部组织也缺乏必要的层次和结构,信息之间的关系得不到合理解释。目前无论是国际还是国内,从会计角度研究XBRL基本理论都处于起步和探索阶段,本文将会计理论、数据库理论相结合。尝试建立了以财务信息元素为结构的XBRL理论体系,并对该理论体系的逻辑关系和层次结构进行了论证。该理论无论在国际还是国内都是首次提出并加以论证的,我们认为它不仅仅可以作为财务报告系统信息标准开发的理论基础,也适用于作为簿记系统、交易和事项系统信息标准开发的理论基础。     

CAP Forum on E‐Business: Assurance Reporting for XML‐Based Information Services: XARL (Extensible Assurance Reporting Language)*

Extensible business reporting language (XBRL) is an XML‐based method for financial reporting. XBRL was developed to provide users with an efficient and effective means of preparing and exchanging financial information over the Internet. However, like other unprotected data coded in XML, XBRL (document) files (henceforth “documents") are vulnerable to threats against their integrity. Anyone can easily create and manipulate an XBRL document without authorization. In addition, business and financial information in XBRL can be misinterpreted, or used without the organization's consent or knowledge. Extensible assurance reporting language (XARL) was developed by Boritz and No (2003) to enable assurance providers to report on the integrity of XBRL documents distributed over the Internet. Providing assurance on XBRL documents using XARL could help users and companies reduce the uncertainty about the integrity of those documents and provide users with trustworthy information that they could place warranted reliance upon. A limitation of the initial conception of XARL was its tight linkage with the XBRL document and the comparatively primitive approach to codifying the XARL taxonomy. In this paper, we have reconceptualized the idea of XARL as a stand‐alone service for providing assurance on potentially any XML‐based information being shared over the Internet. While our illustrative application in this paper continues to be XBRL‐coded financial information, the code that underlies this version of XARL is a significant revision of our earlier implementation of XARL, is compatible with the latest version of XBRL, and moves XARL into the Web services arena.     

对当前一些有关XBRL流行观点的思考

XBRL的快速发展引发了中国会计信息化领域新一轮的研究热潮,但随之而来的、将其优势解释扩大化的趋势也在形成。如何客观地认识XBRL的优势和局限,不断地探索XBRL适用边界,深入了解XBRL技术走向,这些对XBRL能否在我国成功地推广和应用都至关重要。本文针对几个有关XBRL的流行观点,从标准、技术、管理、实施等多个角度进行剖析,通过质疑,得出一系列可供参考的结论,并希望借此引发深入的思考。     

高校基于XBRL技术会计信息化人才培养的必要性

由于XBRL技术的特性,自20世纪90年代以来,世界各国纷纷将XBRL技术应用到财务报告领域,实现了财务报告数据的标准化。2009年4月,我国财政部确立了以XBRL技术为先导的会计信息化目标,2010年10月,我国又发布了XBRL技术规范国家标准和基于会计准则的XBRL通用分类标准。但是在我国很少有高校将XBRL技术引入到会计信息化教学中,XBRL技术人才储备严重不足,这在一定程度上延滞了我国以XBRL技术为主导的会计信息化目标的实现。本文将对高校XBRL技术会计信息化人才培养必要性进行探讨。     

XBRL and Accruals: Empirical Evidence from China

We examine whether XBRL adoption by publicly traded firms on the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange is related to the level of total accruals that firms report in the pre‐XBRL versus post‐XBRL periods. Our results indicate that the level of total accruals in the post‐XBRL period is lower relative to the pre‐XBRL period. This finding is robust to several controls for macroeconomic conditions and firm fundamentals. Moreover, we find this main effect is most prominent for firms that are most likely to benefit from greater transparency: high‐growth firms, small firms, and firms in high‐technology industries. One interpretation of our results is that XBRL implementation decreases investor’s information acquisition costs and thereby improves their ability to detect earnings management; managers in turn reduce accruals.     

The impact of XBRL adoption on local bias: Evidence from mandated U.S. filers

This paper investigates how eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) adoption affects the information advantage of local investors relative to their non-local counterparts. By employing the recent staggered SEC mandates of XBRL as a natural shock, we show that institutional investors’ local bias decreases after firms adopt XBRL when preparing their financial statements. These results hold in a difference-in-difference research design with firm and year fixed effects or using matched nonadopting firms as controls, as well as a regression discontinuity design. The impact of XBRL adoption on reducing local bias can be explained by three economic channels: decreased information processing costs, increased corporate disclosures, and improved analyst coverage. We further find that institutions’ superior stock returns in geographic proximate equity investments significantly reduces after the XBRL mandate. The observed reduction in institutional investors’ local bias within U.S. companies following the XBRL mandate also applies to the international setting. Overall, our findings support regulators’ claim that XBRL adoption levels the playing field between local and non-local investors.     

Stakeholder engagement in internet financial reporting: The diffusion of XBRL in the UK

Internet financial reporting is now widespread with most medium and large companies in the developed world providing a wide variety of financial data online. However, much of this information mirrors the paper versions of financial reports, often with little attempt to enhance the decision usability of the data, providing a so called ‘first generation’ of online reporting (ICAEW, 2004). eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) has been designed to provide a ‘second generation’ of online reporting, specifically to enhance the usability of the data. Documents rendered in XBRL are digitally-enabled so that it is easier for stakeholders to extract information directly into spreadsheets, or any other XBRL-enabled analysis software, without the need to re-key data thus providing significant improvements in information flows and enhancing inter-company comparability.XBRL consortia have spent more than 15 years promulgating the use of this technology within the business and government communities. However, despite their efforts XBRL has not become widely diffused, there is little stakeholder engagement and very few organisations have voluntarily adopted XBRL in practice.The results of a questionnaire survey in the UK indicate that awareness of XBRL, and second generation reporting more generally, resides in key champions but there is little diffusion outside this narrow set of stakeholders. Regulatory engagement seems to be the only impetus for diffusion and better channels of communication within stakeholder networks, such as between regulators, preparers, users and the XBRL community are needed. This paper suggests that currently the supply-push for XBRL is failing to produce effective use of this technology in the UK. Greater regulatory commitment is now needed to create an impetus for XBRL such as creating tools and making publicly available, accessible, repositories of XBRL data. Unless this happens, diffusion will not occur, and the demand-pull which is now needed will vanish and XBRL will fade and die.