无创红外诊断:原始创新亟待扶持

当代红外光谱技术的发展已成为了对化合物进行定性分析、结构测定以及定量分析的有力手段，在与其他多种测试手段联合衍生出许多新的分子光谱领域。但在没有合适的文献资料可参考的情况下，把该技术应用于肿瘤及其他相关疾病诊断，是一件十分艰难而又系统的工作。北京大学化学院吴瑾光、徐怡庄课题组长期从事该领域研究，取得了一系列的原创性科研成果。     

固相萃取-气质联用法测定水中有机污染物

采用固相萃取预处理和气质联用对53种目标化合物进行了分析研究,通过谱库检索结合气相色谱保留指数的定性方法,分离并定性了53种目标化合物,并确定了53种目标化合物含量、加标回收率、检测限,测定结果满意。     

赣北早熟梨有效酸与近红外光谱的相关性研究

通过分析赣北早熟梨有效酸含量与近红外光谱的相关性,试图采用近红外光谱技术对赣北早熟梨有效酸进行无损检测,建立赣北早熟梨有效酸含量和光谱的数学模型。结果表明：利用近红外光谱分析预测赣北早熟梨有效酸含量的方法理想。     

硫醇甲基锡稳定剂实现一步合成

湖北犇星化工有限责任公司经过3a多的攻关,成功研制出BX-2S高效催化剂,开发了配位型硫醇甲基锡化合物一步法合成新工艺。配位型硫醇甲基锡化合物合成及应用项目刚刚通过了中国石化协会组织的科技成果鉴定。     

改进的基于CNN的高光谱遥感图像分类办法

由于高光谱遥感图像光谱维度大,标注样本相对较少,提出了一种结合主成分分析和改进的二维卷积神经网络的高光谱遥感图像的分类方法。首先,通过主成分分析,降低光谱维度,消除光谱亢余信息。然后,将数据进行分块处理,获得分块数据的样本标签,并将数据分为训练集和验证集,用训练集和验证集训练改进的针对高光谱遥感图像分类的卷积神经网络的参数。最后,将测试集投入训练好的2D-CNN上进行分类,得到分类结果。实验结果表明,提出的模型的分类精度明显提高,从而验证了该方法的有效性和实用性。     

近现代红外光谱技术的应用与发展

红外光谱技术是一种非常重要的分析技术,通过红外光谱技术,我们能够对有机物进行定性鉴定和结构分析。     

一种结合空谱聚类的高光谱图像快速压缩算法

对高光谱图像进行快速压缩已经成为了高光谱遥感领域的研究热点。针对现有的高光谱图像数据量大和压缩所需运算量大的问题，提出了一种基于频段聚类+主成分分析(PCA)与空间分类相结合的高光谱图像快速压缩算法。首先利用最大相关度频段聚类算法(MCBC)将频段聚类，接着将每一类频段用PCA压缩，然后将压缩后的图像利用聚类信号子空间投影(CSSP)算法进行图像分类，最后在每一类内利用LBG(Linde Buzo Gray)算法通过矢量量化快速完成高光谱图像的编码。在不同的压缩比下进行实验，结果表明提出的高光谱图像压缩算法能在保证良好的图像恢复质量的前提下，大幅度降低运算复杂度，实现高光谱图像的快速压缩。     

近红外光谱透射法测量废水化学需氧量（COD）的光程选择

近红外光谱透射法是水质检测中的一种有效的探测方法,通过近红外光谱可以更加精确的测出废水中的化学需要量（COD）.因此本文对近红外光谱射法测量废水中化学需要量（COD）的光程选择进行探析     

拉曼光谱测量生物组织的激发特性研究

为探讨生物组织拉曼光谱荧光信号背景与激发光波长的关系，用两种波长的激光作为激发光，对5个人活捡组织样品分别进行了测试，从实验角度进行了探讨，结果表明生物组织拄曼光谱的荧光背景能够通过增加波长来进行有效的削减，总而有利于获得质量较高的组织拉曼信号。     

基于空谱特性的高光谱图像压缩感知重构

针对现有的高光谱图像压缩感知重构算法对图像的空谱特性利用不够充分,导致重构图像质量不够高的问题,提出了一种高光谱图像变投影率分块压缩感知结合优化谱间预测重构方案。编码端以频段聚类方式将高光谱图像的所有频段分成参考频段和普通频段,对不同频段单独采用不同精度分块压缩感知以获取高光谱数据。在解码端,参考频段直接采用稀疏度自适应匹配追踪(SAMP)算法重构,对于普通频段,则设计了一种优化谱间预测结合SAMP算法的新模型进行重构：首先通过重构的参考频段双向预测普通频段,并对其进行压缩投影,然后计算预测前后普通频段投影值的残差,最后利用SAMP算法重构该残差,以此修正预测值。实验表明,相比同类算法,该算法充分考虑了高光谱图像的空谱特性,有效改善了重构图像质量,且编码复杂度低,易于硬件实现。     

毫米波系统级封装中的基板功能化实现

阐述了毫米波系统级封装（SOP）架构中基板功能化的概念、作用及实现方法。提出了利用低温共烧陶瓷（LTCC）技术,在SOP多层陶瓷基板中一体化集成多种无源电路单元,使封装基板在作为表面贴装有源芯片载体的同时,自身具备相应的无源射频功能。最终通过设计实例的仿真、加工及测试对比,验证了在SOP架构下实现封装基板功能化的可行性,及其所具有的良好的射频滤波、层间信号互联、射频接口过渡等电气性能。     

The establishment of injury surveillance in Thailand

The Provincial Injury Surveillance System was initiated in Thailand in 1993 to establish a database for assessment of the quality of acute care and referral services provided to the injured at the provincial level, and to facilitate injury prevention and control at both local and national levels. An injury surveillance system model that adopted a trauma registry as the record form, was established in five selected large hospitals, one from Bangkok and four from major regions of Thailand. Data analysis was undertaken and utilized at both local and national levels. The Epidemiology Division of the Ministry of Public Health supervised and assessed the data quality. Evaluators from the School of Public Health identified problems in operating the system at the provincial level and assessed the feasibility of expanding the project. The data of 66,895 injuries including 1,755 deaths reported in 1995; revealed fundamental problems in the emergency medical services. Causes of major injuries were identified and their epidemiology described. The coverage of reporting was over 90%. The completeness and reliability of recording ranged from 80.6–100%. This model of sentinel surveillance is appropriate for injury problems, which are of large magnitude and are at the early phase of problem solving. Development of the information systems administration and human resource in computer technology are necessary to cope with the problems of increased workload in data collecting and processing. This model of surveillance is feasible for expansion but its data system has to be appropriately integrated into the existing systems of the hospitals.     

Striking a Balance Between Rules and Principles-based Approaches for Effective Governance: A Risks-based Approach

Several recent studies and initiatives have emphasized the importance of a strong ethical organizational DNA (ODNA) to create and promote an effective corporate governance culture of trust, integrity and intellectual honesty. This paper highlights the drawbacks of an excessively heavy reliance on rules-based approaches that increase the cost of doing business, overshadow essential elements of good corporate governance, create a culture of dependency, and can result in legal absolutism. The paper makes the case that the way forward for effective corporate governance is to strike an optimal balance between rules-based and principles-based approaches. The recent corporate scandals have demonstrated that the ethical ODNA is critical to the driving force and basis of legal and regulatory requirements. Effective governance means adhering to ethical principles, not merely complying with rules, and is a crucial guardian of a firm’s reputation and integrity. It is through an effective corporate governance program (that is, one that optimally captures and integrates the appropriate aspects of rules-based and principles-based approaches, and identifies and assesses the related risks) that an organization can reconfigure its ODNA for improved performance. Focusing on the ethical ODNA as the basis of new governance measures provides an opportunity to develop a competitive advantage as it represents a potential source of differentiation, strengthens the relationship with all stakeholders of the organization by building a culture of trust and integrity, and re-instills investor confidence. This paper employs dialectical reasoning that links the ODNA through principles-driven rules in developing a risks-based approach. A comparison from a risk assessment perspective between rules-based and principles-based approaches is presented. Although there have been few applications employing dialectical reasoning in business research, this methodology can be extremely useful in isolating ethical issues and integrating them into the business process. The risks-based approach captures the benefits of both rules-based and principles-based approaches, and incorporates trust-based principles such␣as solidarity, subsidiarity and covenantal relationships.Sundera Arjoon is a Senior Lecturer in Ethics at the Department of Management Studies, The University of the West Indies, Trinidad, He has served as Head of Department (2002–2005) and as Deputy Dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences (1996–2002). His publications have appeared in the Journal of Business Ethics, Journal of Markets and Morality, Global Development Studies, Social and Economic Studies, Applied Financial Economics, and the Journal of Eastern Carribean Studies. His current teaching and research interests include ethical decision-making, corporate governance, virtue ethics and familial ethics.     

论物权法中"担保物权"与担保法的新旧增替

《中华人民共和国担保法》颁行以来的实践表明,现行的担保法存在着诸多缺陷。即将施行的《中华人民共和国物权法》在原有的担保法及其相关司法解释的基础上,根据实践中出现的新情况、新问题,对担保物权制度做了补充、修改和完善,其中增加了担保债权的实现情形、适用范围、第三人担保责任免除情形,增加了代为物的范围和提存代为物的规定,以及物保和人保的行使顺序;在抵押权方面扩大了抵押物的范围,新增"浮动抵押"的规定及不动产抵押权效力的规定。     

管理者过度自信研究最新进展

行为经济学家和心理学家将认知心理学的理论及研究范式引入到企业财务经济学研究领域,提出了管理者过度自信的命题,并围绕这一命题从理论与实证角度展开了大量富有成效的研究。本文从管理者过度自信的内涵、影响因素及其度量三个角度对国内外学者的相关成果进行了梳理①,在评析现有研究成果的基础上,对该领域未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

Leadership effectiveness and motivation in Africa and the African Diaspora (LEAD): An introduction

The LEAD research project was developed in order to broaden management research in areas such as Africa. This special issue brings together the early findings of the research team. The present article reviews the literature and discusses the importance of understanding organizational leadership and motivation in under researched areas of the world. We explain the use of both emic (Delphi Technique and focus groups) and etic (large scale survey) research and describe the LEAD project and methodology in detail. Here we advocate the use of emic and etic research, and also consider the practical realities of using such approaches. Copyright © 2014 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Does East Meet West in Business Ethics: An Introduction to the Special Issue

This article introduces and summarizes selected papers from the first World Business Ethics Forum held in Hong Kong and Macau in November 2006, co-hosted by the Hong Kong Baptist University and by the University of Macau. Business Ethics in the East remain distinct from those in the West, but the distinctions are becoming less pronounced and the ethical traffic flows both ways. Gabriel D, Donleavy is Professor and Dean of the Faculty of Business Administration at the University of Macau teaching Business Ethics, Business Negotiation and Advanced Management. His work has been published in Critical Perspectives in Accounting, Corporate Governance, the Journal of Business Ethics, Advances in Applied Business Strategy, the Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, Long Range Planning and the Asian Review of Accounting which he co-founded. Kit-Chun Joanna LAM is Professor in Department of Economics of the Hong Kong Baptist University. She is also Guest Professor in the Centre for Business Ethics of the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, China. She received her Ph.D. degree in economics from Harvard University. Her work has appeared in the Journal of Business Ethics, Journal of Labor Economics, Canadian Journal of Economics, Economica, Journal of Comparative Economics, and Labour Economics. Simon S.M. Ho is Dean and Professor at the School of Business and Director for Corporate Governance and Financial Policy, Hong Kong Baptist University. He founded the Asia-Pacific Corporate Governance Conference and the world’s first master programme in corporate governance & directorship in 2004. He published over 40 academic refereed articles in leading journals such as Journal of Accounting, Accounting & Finance, Journal of Accounting & Public Policy, and Journal of Corporate Finance.     

Marketplace metaphors: communicating authenticity through visual imagery

While the concept of authenticity is commonly linked to the market exchange process, it also assists in the pursuit of political, social and economic objectives. Authenticity provides a legitimating function that serves the needs of specific groups and individuals. Establishing authenticity remains culturally and contextually dependent and requires an understanding of prevailing power relationships and historical events. This is demonstrated by reference to a series of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century images of retailing and the marketplace. Using iconological interpretive techniques, the paper identifies how works of art served a propagandist role designed to influence and modify public opinion. Developments in both production and consumption led to a commodification of artistic works and afforded a means of communication that both challenged and empowered established institutions. The paper highlights the contemporary significance of these findings and suggests that modern marketing imagery may seek to authenticate sociopolitical as well as economic meaning.     

Customers’ judgments and misjudgments of corporate responsibility communication: A cross‐country investigation of the effects on confidence and trust within the banking sector

Customers’ judgment of corporate responsibility (CR) communication and the effect on confidence and trust as interlinked paradigms are intriguing areas of investigation from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. This research aims to clarify the nature of effective CR communication toward customers by identifying situations of over‐ and undercommunication of CR that might cause misjudgments and therefore lower the level of confidence among customers. The study also provides insights to better explain the link between confidence and trust related to customers’ perceptions of CR communication and compares different judgments and misjudgments regarding the banking industries in Italy and the United Kingdom. The study adopts real and fictitious bank case studies to conduct focus groups investigations of 160 millennial customers’ perceptions of CR communication and how it affects their level of confidence. The findings highlight the role of trust in making independent judgments on CR communications. Some similarities and slight differences in the impact of CR communication on confidence emerge between the countries and greatly depend on the customers’ level of trust in real banks and the influence of the industry effect characterizing the banking sector. This study provides fertile ground for future research into the implementation of a more effective and balanced CR communication strategy to increase customers’ confidence and into the understanding of which communication drivers, apparently independent of CR, affect trust in the long term.