Marketing and Territorial Factors： An Integrated Study of the Accommodation Choice in the Island of La Palma

The literature has highlighted the relevance of segmenting the tourism market as a start point for developing the right tourism policy recommendations. The present study examines the rural tourism market on the island of La Palma （Canary Islands） and its relationship with territorial factors. Specifically, it attempts to establish the role played in tourists＇ accommodation location choice by territorial and related factors （for instance, the area of the island, proximity to the beach, hours of sunshine, etc.） compared to other factors. A sample of 316 tourists who holidayed in rural tourism accommodation in La Palma during the period from July to September in 2007 was selected for this purpose. The methodology consisted of a preliminary analysis of the associations between the variables and their modalities, followed by a multiple correspondence analysis （MCA）. The results of the study allow to conclude that the weight of territorial variables in the choice of destination and accommodation location can vary substantially depending on the market segment considered.     

Labor Reform in Mexico,Analysis of Principal Changes and Method of Recruitment

Actually, the country＇s development aims to achieve higher levels of productivity, so it had to adapt to international standards. This has served to ease the hiring of both operational and managerial controls, giving emphasis on training and allowing the pairing boss-worker to take the productivity like benchmark. The labor reform allows companies to make changes with their workers; such changes must be reflected in lower costs for businesses, by labor input and increased competitiveness, however, two years ago this guideline was implanted and society asks if the results are congruent, because Mexican society is undergoing economics problems issue as well as a deficit in generating jobs. Therefore, analyzing whether modifications made to the federal labor law （FLL） are designed to optimize safety of workers and enterprises in which they work is the subject of this research. The corresponding analysis was performed using the deductive method.     

China＇s Labor Transition and the Future of China＇s Rural Wages and Employment

This paper contributes to the assessment of China＇s rural labor markets. According to our data, the increase in off-farm employment that China experienced during the 1980s and 1990s continued during the 2000s. Our analysis shows that migration has become the most prevalent off-farm activity, although the destination of migrants is shifting from outside of one＇s province to destinations closer to home. The present paperfinds that large shares of male and female individuals, especially those under 40 years, are working off the farm. These findings represent an important contribution to the labor economics field. First, the results of the present paper reveal that the labor transition from the agricultural sector to the non-agricultural sector for key segments of China＇s rural labor force is nearly complete. Second, although a large share of China ＂s rural labor force work in agriculture, most of these workers are older men and women （and likely would not be willing to take low-wage, labor-intensive jobs）. Third, the rising unskilled wage rate in China is partially a result of the tightening of the labor force in the young age cohorts. Finally, due to factors associated with the one child policy and other demographic transition forces, successive age cohorts will continue to fall in absolute number in the coming decade. Assuming China＇s growth continues, we expect to see further wage increases since it will take higher wages to coax more workers to work off the farm.     

Prediction of Non-stationary Time Series With Replacement Variables

The experimental comparison of methods of forecasting non-stationary time series by replacing the variables. One of these variables is the phase of the process. Currently, in the direction of the change of variables there were two main approaches to the isolation of stable characteristics of the process, and the band-pass filtering on the empirical mode decomposition--The band-pass filtering. Using a band-pass filter that transmits only the frequencies in a small neighborhood of a selected frequency will provide components with clearly highlighted the basic rhythm. One option for the analytical component of the original series is a discrete wavelet transform （DWT） with getting more approximate and detail the factors on levels of decomposition--0n empirical mode decomposition. Empirical method of decomposition （EMD） is based on the simple assumption that any data consist of a variety of simple domestic species fluctuations （MOD）. Each ＂fashion＂ must be a signal with zero mean, Maxima and minima of positive-negative, i.e., between each maximum and minimum signal x（t） necessarily have his schedule with the direct crossing x = 0. Continue to make the variable phase each fashion is Hilbert decomposition. In both cases, instead of the original series we receive several quasi-stationary series that are projected separately. Projection results are reverse-conversion with predictive component series, which gives the forecast. Difficulty at this stage is the selection of forecasting method for sampling small dimension, because according to our research, the length of the memory of the financial series is extremely small. For the same source data give calculations for both approaches using neural network forecasting and sliding fractal Caterpillar SSA. The results show satisfactory as a prediction.     

Climate Change and Green Growth： A Perspective of the Division of Labor

This paper presents a new research agenda on climate change and green growth from the perspective of the division of labor in classical economics. The paper covers three major dimensions of green growth （i.e. carbon emissions, environmental proteetion and material resources use） and some related important topics, as well as the fresh policy implications of the new research agenda, Typical marginal analysis in a given structure of the division of labor suggests that ＂green＂ action is a burden to economic development. Therefore, climate negotiation has become a burden-sharing game and has reached a stalemate. New thinking is badly needed to rescue these negotiations and to drive a shift to a new ＂green growth＂ paradigm. The proposed new research agenda represents an effort to create a new narrative on climate change and green growth. Because the new research agenda can theoretically predict the possibility that a more competitive structure of the division of labor could be triggered by ＂＇green ＂＇ policy, it has promising policy implications for various important challenges facing us in the 21st century.     

农民参加新农保的影响因素实证分析——基于重庆市25个区县的调查数据(英文)

Based on survey data from 334 farmers in 25 counties of Chongqing,this thesis analyzes empirically the influencing factors of farmers’participation in New Farmers’Insurance.The result of Probit regression demonstrates that(1)the degree of farmers’understanding of the New Farmers’Insurance is the most significant factor of their participation;(2)area of family plowland and distance to the city exert significant impact:the participation rate is higher when the area of plowland is larger;it is also higher when the village is farther from the city;(3)neighbors’insurance behaviors have important effects on farmers’decisions;(4)whether or not the farmer has joined other insurances has significant effects on his/her participation in New Farmers’Insurance.     

创业文化氛围对农村劳动力创业选择的影响机制——基于福建沙县的实证

以福建沙县农村劳动力创业选择为例,采用Logit模型分析了创业文化氛围对农村劳动力创业选择的影响机制。结果表明,创业文化氛围对农村劳动力创业选择有影响,其中创业自我效能在"创业文化氛围———农村劳动力创业选择"关系中起部分中介作用。最后,提出培育创业文化氛围的政策建议。     

服务员工与顾客情绪互动对员工服务决策影响的多案例研究

在现代服务业中,服务员工与顾客之间的情绪互动是影响顾客感知服务质量的核心因素。研究基于六家服务企业的人力资源管理实践,对服务员工与顾客的情绪互动对员工服务决策选择的影响进行了探索性的案例研究。研究发现服务员工存在四种服务决策:竭诚服务、关照服务、假面服务和冷面服务服务员工与顾客的情绪互动对员工上述四种服务决策选择会产生影响。并且,研究进一步提炼出影响员工服务决策的人力资源管理实践因素,并深入解析了人力资源管理机制导向对员工服务决策的影响作用,为如何从人力资源管理的角度提高员工的服务质量提供了建议。     

Possibility of the Implementation of the Principle of Sustainable Development in the Sphere of Coal Processing

High-sulphur coals processing generates a great number of pollutant substances in atmosphere. This study was undertaken to obtain more definite information about the composition of sulphur coal extracts, i.e., on the quality and quantity of dormant Volatile Organic Emissions （VOCs）. Analysis of the liquid products was carried out by different protocols of extraction, adsorption chromatography, and GC/MS identification. It should be pointed out that the basic components of coal extracts are polyaromatic hydrocarbons, sulfur-containing compounds and phenols act as a basic factor of environment pollution with carcinogenic products. The complex treatment of these components will permit not only to obtain some valuable chemical products, but also to improve the ecology in the industrial regions.     

Economic Causes and Cures of Social Instability in China

China＇s leaders have often expressed concerns about social instability, viewed as a threat both to the political order and to continued rapid growth. Slower growth might, in turn, further undermine social stability. Using survey data, the present paper examines the economic determinants of social instability. Four main determinants are identified.＇past and expected growth of income, income inequality, economic insecurity and misgovernance. The paper then considers possible policies to reduce social instability, examining each of the determinants in turn.     

The Attitude of Developed and Developing Countries Towards the Kyoto Protocol and the Case of Turkey

The problem of global climate change is one of the biggest present-day global problems. This problem, which has become a current issue because of the energy crisis that happened in 1970s, as well as growing awareness of environment, have not only changed the notion of development but also led to a transformation of non-renewable energy resources. Due to rapid population growth, the depletion of the non-renewable energy resources and the raising consciousness about global climate change our comprehension of traditional development has yielded to sustainable development, while energy structure and preferences have also changed from non-renewable energy resources to renewable energy resources. As this changed pattern and problem are global, they have removed the borders among governments, required international cooperation and thus, new international actors have stepped in. In this study, the countries are divided into two parts as developed countries and developing countries. As developed countries; USA and EU countries are selected while China and India are selected as developing countries. Also as a developing country, Turkey＇s energy and climate policies, attitude towards the Kyoto Protocol signed within the scope of United Nations and the positive and the negative effects of the Protocol on the country are investigated. In this sense, it has been observed that the question of whether or not the Protocol contributes to the economy of developing countries correlates with whether or not these countries are on the side of the Protocol and it has also been observed that being on the side of the Protocol is not a threat to Turkey＇s development. If applied correctly, the policies that Turkey will pursue within the scope of the Protocol will help the country to reduce foreign energy dependency and cooperate with other countries. A comparative method is used in this paper.     

Developmental Constraints Adversely Affecting New Entrants Into the Construction Industry of the Limpopo Province of South Africa

Although political transformation has occurred in South Africa in April 1994, the pace at which economic transformation has occurred has been slow. A review of the literature has shown that economic transformation has been slowed by an acute shortage of technical skills among Black South Africans working in business, government, and industry. A case in point is the construction industry of Limpopo Province of South Africa in which emerging contractors have failed to compete adequately with well-established contractors in the construction industry due to shortage of technical skills, capital, and lack of access to markets. The study is based on a random sample of 104 emerging contractors operating in the Province of Limpopo. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection and analyses was used in the study in order to identify and quantify key obstacles to growth and development in emerging contractors. Eigen values estimated from factor analysis showed that the viability of emerging contractors in the construction industry of Limpopo Province was significantly influenced by three factors （lack of entrepreneurial skills, lack of capital, and lack of transparency in the award of construction tenders）. Based on results obtained from multilevel analysis, differences among the five districts of Limpopo Province accounted for 13.18% of the total variation in viability. Differences in entrepreneurial skills between viable and non-viable businesses accounted for 33.49% of total variation. Findings of the study show that entrepreneurial skills are no less important than financial capital for ensuring viability in emerging contractors currently operating in Limpopo Province. The study has also found that the fundamental principles of good governance such as transparency and accountability are not adhered to in the administration and award of government tenders, and that this predicament was working to the detriment of emerging contractors in the province.     

The Relevance of Place-Brand Management in Place-Marketing Strategy

Observers perceive each place through a particular image, not necessarily positive, definable in a distinctive positioning through place-marketing strategies; the relations between the actors of the territory system play an important role, and the place-brand becomes ＂the connector＂ of the relational network in place-marketing management. The aims of this article are to analyze the relations between place identity, place-brand, and place-marketing strategy; to look at case studies of bottom-up strategy as a medium for the long-term empowerment of the place-brand strategy; and to examine the relevance of place-brand positioning and interaction between governance and stakeholders in place-marketing strategy development.     

The Significance of Costs Calculation in Evaluation of the Value Added

In the article, a problem of importance of proper costs calculation caused by risk factors which emerge in logistic processes is presented. On the basis of literature analysis, there was shown the costs structure of the value chain. The concept of customer value and the concept of enterprise value were extracted. It presents also dependence between actions in internal value chain and generated cash flows. It signalizes also the meaning of risk management influence on the problem of achieving established value added, understood as net income from operational activity by the main enterprises processes. Basis of theoretical modeling using the Gorbatov＇s principle of characterization was discussed. The research material relates to food businesses. The study was conducted on the basis of questionnaires, surveys, and direct conversations with employees. To build the model, the theory of characterization was used. Its essence is in the mutual interpretability model of the test object to the model structure. Mutual interpretability of models is achieved by selection of the proper functioning of the universal laws （expressed in the functional model） and the structural interpretation of the functional model, the one of representative character is Hasse diagrams. The functioning of the model is illustrated experiment research of the study. The results show the great importance of the correct calculation of the cost of risk factors in logistics processes. Not taking into account the actual cost of risk factors may have a significant influence on errors in decision-making, giving an incorrect picture of the financial situation. A false idea of the creation of value-added may consequently result in the deterioration of the conditions of the enterprise market functioning.     

Global Cities in Process of World Economy Net-Working and Transnationalization

Cities play a key role in the modem global economy. They became full-fledged （together with states, multinational corporations, and international economic organizations） subjects of international economy relationships; concentrated financial and commodity markets, enormous productive and innovative potential of humanity. The main reasons of transformation of economic importance of cities are their advantages in comparison with State economic systems. Labor and capital in urban economy systems are more mobile and productive; cities are more predisposed to create and commercialize innovations. Moreover, cities are easier to connect with international markets and world trade, which are able to reduce transport costs, to increase own investment attractiveness, and to rapidly form new types of business activities and forms of manufacturing organization. This study analyzes a current system of global cities, an intensity of inter-cities relationships, a potential of global urban system transformations in a future.     

信息技术服务离岸外包区位选择研究——基于41个东道国的实证研究

本文选取全球41个承接信息技术离岸外包东道国的相关数据,对影响信息技术服务离岸外包区位选择的因素进行实证研究。实证结果显示劳动力成本、劳动力素质、IT基础设施状况以及东道国的经济发展水平对服务离岸外包区位决策具有显著影响,文化差异程度对服务离岸外包国别区位选择无显著影响。在实证结果的基础上,从承接方的角度提出发展IT离岸服务外包的着力点,并提出建议。最后指出了本研究的局限性和进一步研究的方向。     

Economic Cooperation Organization Member Countries＇ Economic Development： The Importance of Assessing Technoparks

Advanced technologies in the world, especially in the last quarter century of rapid change, radical innovation were required to compete in important decisions, triggered by the national network of cooperation structures which is a very significant changes in participates in the regional country or new technology generation and transfer systems to be released; starting from the most basic research on the effect of knowledge production, commercialization, distribution of the total well-being of society is an important dating ＂shining knowledge value chain＂. This important change has become the main formative element of the economies. Recent advances in the knowledge economy and the resulting new strategic theories, knowledge, technology transfer, and increased mobility at the long distances, the concept of regional development is a brand new technological cooperation aims and information focusing on the transformation processes of growth of the economies of developed nations, which is the most important technological innovation in the vision of the economic development advanced plays an important role, evolving processes trigger in all aspects of the right to read most threats and opportunities that might be the best analysis, by passing the appropriate policies for countries in their visions, and entrusted a vital importance. In this context, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Yajikistan, Yurkmenistan, and Uzbekistan in addition to research, technology development and production partner countries＇ and these countries sharing innovation structures with R＆D Center in technoparks and to serve together in the development of the total synergies ＂of the economic cooperation organization＂.     

Competitive Neutrality of the OECD Consensus Myth or Reality

This research paper gives into context ongoing changes in the balance of forces in the international markets caused not only by the crisis and the need to restore market-neutral internationally agreed system for state participation in the support for exports based on real economic criteria. The aim of this research is to demonstrate the changes of the balance of forces in the international markets. This paper presented the statistical data relating to development of GDP, indebtedness or value of exports or imports that the present changes in international markets and open discussion about the topic problem. This article recalled the basic principles of insurance and export financing with state support and also are presented current problems of implementation rules of the CONSENSUS. Due to the fact that state support for exports is an important internationally respected system it is necessary to overcome some doubts and bring to the system real market neutrality. Therefore, we ask whether are respected in practice the agreed principles of international state aid exports and what problems currently international markets and fundamentally different countries are struggling. It can be said that the rules CONSENSUS OECD has contributed to the creation of fair market conditions in international markets, but it can be also monitored over time to some extent being away from the demands of market neutrality. In view of these facts it can be considered as the basis of the current situation primarily to ensure a truly market and competitive neutrality of state support for exports.     

Recognition of the Economic Security in the Form of Assurance Fund as a Protection to Landowners and the Economic

The increase of land fraud statistics in Malaysia＇s administration system shows that the legal security, at present, is not able to guarantee landowners in the long run. Furthermore, there are registered landowners who are not able to recover their losses due to the stripping of title done erroneously by the government. This occurs due to the Malaysia＇s administration system only practices two principles out of the three principles in the Torrens systems, which are the mirror principle and the curtain principle. The retention of these two principles for the last 40 years since the National Land Code came into effect on the 1st January, 1966, and this has revealed the failure of the government in guaranteeing the landowners in the form of the economic security. This can indirectly impact the real estate investment in Malaysia due to the complaints pertaining to the loss of trust in the Malaysia administration system. Based on the studies conducted, we can see that the recognition towards economic security in the form of assurance fund can impact the increase of real estate investment in Malaysia. This can bring benefits not only to land owners as a protection but also towards the increased securities legislation in the form of the Malaysia land administration system, which could attract in an increase in the interest of investors to invest in Malaysia. So, the interviews with the directors of the land office in Peninsular Malaysia, legal practitioners, and insurance companies have been conducted to support this study. The results of this study hopefully will assist our land administration system in creating a form of economic security in order to make our system more guarantees, efficient, and good governance in resolving matters related to land, especially to address the issue of fraud and forgery. Furthermore, it is expected to help the landowners and innocent buyer in seeking protection of economic loss is not due to their own mistakes and to increase the investment in Malaysia.