MPLS L3 VPN在城域网中的实现

BGP／MPLS VPN是第三层MPLSVPN技术。本文在对首先介绍了MPLSL3VPN在城域网中实现能带来的优点，其次，对CE，PE，P，VRF、RD、RT几个重要概念进行了详细的解释，最后，对星形组网跨域和非跨域案例的BGP／MPLSVPN的数据转发过程和路由信息分发过程进行了阐述。     

我对计算机网络数据交换技术的几点认识

本文从分析数据交换技术的变化历史着手,针对其发展阶段的技术特点进行分析。对当前网络所采取的分组交换技术提出自己的几点粗浅看法,以求抛砖引玉。     

一种新的多层交换技术——标签交换

本文介绍了多层交换技术的主要代表－－标签交换技术，阐述了其基本概念、体系结构和网络构成，并概括了标签交换技术的优良特性，对将来的发展作出了分析与展望。     

MPLS交换路由器的设计与实现

MPLS是目前Internet核心网上最看好的技术，基于Crossbar的高速交换技术的发展也很快，但是如何实现2种技术的有机结合以到达最优的性能却有一系列问题需要考虑。本文结合某MPLS路由器的设计项目，综合考虑了当前MPLS的标准以及有关交换结构的最新技术，对实现MPLS交换路由器进行了深入研究，并详细探讨了高速接口、排除和调度以及Crossbar等关键模块的设计和实现方案。     

基于RSVP-TE的组播信令协议的实现机制及性能研究

对自动交换光网络（AsON）中基于RSVP—TE的组播扩展进行了研究。提出了在现有信令架构上实现组播功能的几个关键问题，并就基本技术进行了讨论。在此基础上，介绍了4个RSVP—TE协议扩展模型，并通过仿真详细比较了它们的开销和性能。文中的理论分析和仿真结果对光网络中组播协议的设计和选择提供了重要的参考依据。     

非货币性交换确认计量之浅见

修改后的《企业会计准则——非货币性资产交换准则》嵌入了商业实质的概念，为公允价值的应用提供了判断依据，也为会计实务操作提供了指南，便于统一会计信息，但由于对准则的理解不同．在各种教材实务举例中，发现了确认计量上的不同。文章针对非货币性资产交换中的几个问题，从理论到实务进行剖析，以期规范其确认与计量．     

新企业会计准则运用实务案例分析（十三）

六、《企业会计准则第7号——非货币性资产交换》 （一）新旧会计准则主要差异 修订后的非货币性资产交换会计准则与旧的非货币性交易会计准则相比，在对换入资产入账价值计价基础和对非货币性资产交换损益的确认方式方面的区别．主要表现在以下几个方面：     

碳酸钾生产中新技术的应用

介绍了交换塔设计经验，蒸发节能技术及自愿驼料蒸汽燃烧技术应用于Ｋ２ＣＯ３生产中，节能降耗效果显著，可以推广应用。     

关于非货币性资产交换准则几个问题的探讨

本文阐述了非货币性资产交换准则中的两个重要概念:商业实质和公允价值以及非货币性资产交换换入资产按公允价值计量、确认交换损益的两个必要条件,通过案例计算分析对换入资产成本、交换损益金额确认以及交换中涉及的相关税费几个问题进行了探讨,并对准则提出了补充修改建议。     

交换式虚拟局域网(VLAN)技术在校园网中的应用

本文阐述了局域网技术的发展和虚拟局域网（VLAN）技术的特点，着重介绍了虚拟局域网技术在校园网中的应用及配置方案，最后介绍了一运用VLAN技术的校园网实例。     

顾客转换障碍的内涵及其在营销中的应用

随着竞争的日趋激烈,吸引新顾客的成本越来越高,企业为了保留顾客不仅要管理好顾客满意度,同时也要重视转换障碍。转换障碍是指顾客在转换产品或服务提供者时所遭遇到的这种困难和成本的支出,转换障碍可以分为正面转换障碍和负面转换障碍,正面转换障碍反映的是顾客主动保留在主顾关系中,而负面转换障碍反映的是顾客被动保留在主顾关系中。转换障碍在保留顾客计划中具有非常重要的意义。     

Online loyalty and its interaction with switching barriers

The results of empirical research on online retail switching tendencies is quite mixed and only a few have specifically examined the presence, frequency or impact of switching barriers and switching inducements in the context of online services. Empirical evidence shows that there is “stickiness to certain sites” experienced by online customers and that they do less comparative shopping than might be expected. This paper conceptualises online switching behaviour as the interaction of barriers and inducements (both real and perceived) using Oliver׳s four-stage loyalty model. It also highlights the need to re-examine the concept of online loyalty and its interaction with switching barriers and inducements in the online context.     

Consumers' switching inertia in a fictitious electricity market

Consumers in the deregulated Swedish electricity market do not switch from their incumbent supplier to the extent that would be economically beneficial. To examine potential causes for this switching inertia, a mail survey was administered to 540 Swedish electricity consumers who were randomly assigned to four experimental conditions and a control condition. Survey participants in the experimental conditions first made a choice of a supplier; then, they made choices between this alternative (their ‘incumbent supplier’) and other alternatives that differed from the incumbent supplier on price, quality of information, market share and availability of ‘green’ electricity. The results showed that lower price, higher quality of information, medium–large market share, and availability of green electricity increased switching to the alternatives to the incumbent supplier. A remaining general preference for choosing the incumbent supplier was reduced by instructions that removed feelings of loyalty and informed about the economic benefits of switching for all consumers.     

Analyzing Customers' Switching Intentions in the Telecom Sector

ABSTRACT

Mobile Number Portability (MNP) has not only affected customers' behavioral patterns, but also increased competition among telecom operators. Against this backdrop, the study examines the relationship between customers' switching intentions and attitude towards MNP, customer loyalty, and switching barriers. It also investigates the impact of these intentions on actual switching or staying behavior of customers. Data were collected from a sample of 260 telecom customers comprising university students. Findings reveal that customers' switching intentions would largely depend upon switching barriers perceived by them. Switching intentions predict both actual staying and switching behavior. Our understanding of switching barriers is limited to those involved in switching from a current service provider to a new service provider. Future research can examine the barriers associated with returning to the original provider and the effect on the decision to leave in the first place, especially in the case of contractual agreements such as BSNL. The present study will help practitioners and telecom service providers in understanding the factors affecting customers' switching intentions to prevent switching.     

An integrative framework for customer switching behavior

Due to increased intensity of competition, retention of customers has become a major concern in many service industries. Although researchers have investigated customer switching intention and its influential factors, the complex structural mechanisms that reduce the likelihood of switching intention in the field of financial services, especially in the banking context, have remained understudied. This paper addresses the role of customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, customer trust, and customer perceived value within a new conceptual model for customer switching intention in the banking services. In particular, the paper contributes to examine the potential moderating effect of switching barriers on the relationship between customer loyalty and switching intention as well as the relationship between satisfaction and switching intention of customers in the banking services. Data are collected through a questionnaire survey, and partial least squares-structural equation modeling is used for data analysis. Empirical results confirm the proposed model and hypotheses and show that switching barriers strengthen the impact of both customer loyalty and satisfaction on switching intention. The findings of this research offer a unified view of the structural relationships that contribute to reduced switching intention and provide more in-depth insights into the role of switching barriers in the banking context.     

Does switching from NASDAQ to the NYSE affect investment–cash flow sensitivity?

We examine whether a firm's sensitivity of investments to cash flow changes when it switches from the NASDAQ to the NYSE over the period 1992–2002. Contrary views exist on the effect of listing switches on investment sensitivity to cash flow. Investment–cash flow sensitivity is a proxy for the degree of uncertainty of using internal funds to finance a firm's investments. We use a least square dummy variable model to analyze panel data before and after switching to determine the impact of switching. Based on pooled data, our evidence is consistent with the view that NASDAQ-to-NYSE switchers have significantly lower investment–cash flow sensitivity, which means that firms rely less heavily on internal financing after switching and find accessing external financing easier. Thus, firms may benefit from switching in terms of a lower cost of external capital due to such factors as increasing visibility, liquidity, and reputation.     

光IP路由器原理及关键技术

本文提出了光IP路由器的概念，详细阐述了光IP路由器的工作原理及其关键技术，对其在当前光互联网中的应用进行了深入探讨。     

Estimating Switching Costs in Mobile Telephony in the UK

This paper uses multinominal and mixed logit on British consumer panel data from 1999–2001 to estimate switching costs in mobile telephony. The results of the estimation show that consumers of mobile services in the UK face significant switching costs which vary according to network operators. Network operator choice is also explained by observed and unobserved heterogeneity in consumer tastes. Furthermore, the probability of switching depends on consumer characteristics such as age and the ways they spend their free time.      

浅谈生活中的路径依赖

路径依赖是经济学中有关生产技术、制度设计的一个名词,通过分析职业选择、消费、投资、企业经营模式中的＂路径依赖＂现象,指出路径依赖的根源是脱离成本高、历史事件锁定和人的惯性思维造成的,提出要突破路径依赖应采取慎重选择,解放思想,大胆创新等手段。     

The structure and sustainability of current account deficit: Turkish evidence from regime switching

This study focuses on the current account deficit dynamics and sustainability, using data of the period between 1990:Q1 and 2014:Q2 in the context of Turkish economy. The main findings of the study can be put into two categories. The first category covers energy consumption, openness rate, gross domestic product, exchange rate and investments, which are the most important determinants of the current deficit. The second one asserts that sustainability is weak for Turkish economy; however, it is even weaker during the economic contraction. There is extensive literature about structure and sustainability of the current account deficit. However, many of the studies have analysed the sustainability of the current account deficits without considering the economic conjuncture. For this purpose, the study employs the Markov-switching method which is a non-linear time series model.