面向科技智库的科技创新政策监测体系构建研究

科技创新政策研究是科技智库的核心职责之一，科技创新政策监测是开展科技创新政策研究的基本工具和手段，但目前针对科技创新政策监测体系的系统研究却不多。针对科技创新政策研究需求，创新性地以科技创新政策监测体系为研究对象，系统分析科技创新政策监测对象的范畴、科技创新政策监测的主要方法、科技创新政策智能监测的系统功能、科技创新政策监测的产品设计，可为相关科技智库机构开展科技创新政策研究提供一套具备操作性的研究模式，为后续科技创新政策监测研究提供有益借鉴。     

面向科技智库的科技创新政策监测体系构建研究

科技创新政策研究是科技智库的核心职责之一，科技创新政策监测是开展科技创新政策研究的基本工具和手段，但目前针对科技创新政策监测体系的系统研究却不多。针对科技创新政策研究需求，创新性地以科技创新政策监测体系为研究对象，系统分析科技创新政策监测对象的范畴、科技创新政策监测的主要方法、科技创新政策智能监测的系统功能、科技创新政策监测的产品设计，可为相关科技智库机构开展科技创新政策研究提供一套具备操作性的研究模式，为后续科技创新政策监测研究提供有益借鉴。     

科技计划与科技标准协同创新模式研究

科技计划和科技标准协同创新是科技创新的关键。对科技计划和科技标准协同创新进行基础性研究：阐述科技计划和科技标准协同创新内涵、关键要素以及特征等基础理论，研究科技计划和科技标准协同创新模式，并结合我国科技计划、科技经费与财务标准协同情况进行分析，提出我国科技计划和科技标准协同创新建议。     

国家科技创新能力时空差异性评价

科技创新规模扩张和科技创新效率提升是增强国家科技创新能力的两条关键途径。基于现有研究鲜有结合科技创新规模和科技创新效率开展国家科技创新能力评价的现状，采用因子分析法，系统筛选国家科技创新规模影响因素，并结合科技创新效率影响因素，完善国家科技创新能力评价指标体系，通过构建DEA Malmquist指数模型，评价不同时期国家科技创新效率变化指数，以及中国与全球10个国家科技创新能力的时空差异性。研究表明，R&D投入强度、R&D研究人员、专利申请量、科技期刊文章数、高科技产品出口额占制成品出口总额的百分比、科技创新效率是影响国家科技创新能力的关键指标；1991-2014年中国科技创新能力水平呈指数增长态势，有力提升了国家科技实力；全球10个国家科技创新能力水平除日本出现一定波动外，其余九国整体呈小幅递增态势。     

澳大利亚科技计划对外开放情况

澳大利亚的科技决策和管理体制是一个联邦政府起主导作用的多层次的体制。联邦政府制定国家科技政策和重大科技发展计划，资助政府科研机构、大学、合作研究中心和国家重大科技计划。各州和地区政府管理和资助本地的农业、卫生、环境和能源领域的科技工作。联邦教育、科学和培训部是澳大利亚政府主管科技工作的主要部门，负责制定国家研究和创新政策；管理国家研究机构；实施国家科技计划；制定基础研究政策，制定与大学基础研究有关的科技计划；负责国际科技合作工作。科技计划目前，澳教育、科学和培训部管理的国家科技计划包括：创新参与…     

中国的科技和创新能力现状

法国科技观察研究所，简称OST，是1990年由法国政府部门、公共科研机构和协会共同成立的一家公共研究机构，旨在设计和构建科学技术和创新活动的相关科技指标体系，以便清楚地把握法国的科技和创新能力，并通过对其它国家科技和创新能力的研究对比，认识法国在欧洲及全球科技发展进程中的地位。     

浅析我国科技国际化的现状与问题

在全球化日益深入的今天，科技国际化水平已经成为衡量一个国家科技创新绩效的一个重要方面。通过研究科技国际化的特征和测度指标，从人才、企业、产出三个方面分析了我国科技国际化的现状和问题。结果显示：我国出国留学和归国人员不断增加，我国学者发表的SCI论文和国际合著论文快速增长，跨国公司加强在华研发和企业并购；但我国人才流失高于人才引进，研究机构中外籍人员所占比例较低等。可以说，我国科技国际化整体水平仍然较低，突出问题是我国在科技国际化进程中主导性不够，我国必须从战略层面加强对科技国际化问题的研究，技持中国企业加大海外研发，鼓励外资研发机构更多地实现技术溢出，从而更好地提升我国的科技创新能力和国际影响力。     

构建泰安市多元化科技投融资体系探讨

当今年代是科技创新的时代，科技发展已成为经济进步的源泉，科技投融资是通过各种筹资渠道和方式利用各种资金，以科学技术的研究和开发为平台，促进科技成果的商业化，以获取更大的经济效益。在山东泰安市科教兴市发展战略的促进下，科技投融资出现了一些积极的变化，但全社会多元化的科技投融资体系尚未有效建立，还难以有效吸引和引导社会资金投入科技创新。建立全社会、多元化、多渠道、多层次的科技投入格局，是我市科技投融资体系的建设目标。     

论有中国特色的“科技活动”定域

经济建设的客观需要，使科技的地位和作用日益鲜明，那么究竟什么是“科技活动”，到目前为止，国内还未形成一致的看法，笔者研究了世界各国关于科技活动的定义。并结合我国的具体情况，认为科技活动应包括以下范围和内容：一、研究与试验发展（R＆D）研究与试验发展是科技活动的核心，也是我国科技工作发展总体布局的重要组成部分，其投入量，投入规模以及投入结构，不仅是唯一具有国际可比的数据，也是我国社会各界十分关注的问题．因此今后对这部分活动的统计分析，完全应当以国际标准和规范为依据．以获得具有国际可比的全社会范围对…     

科技三产与城市中央商务区的互动关系研究

科技三产和城市中央商务区是近年来的研究热点，但针对二者之间内在联系的研究较少。通过对科技三产和城市中央商务区各自发展现状的比较，剖析了二者发展的内在联系，指出二者的互动发展，有利于形成科技三产和城市中央商务区相互促进、共同发展的局面。     

The missing link: an evaluation of the utilization of the monitor studies in the Netherlands

This article presents the results of an investigation that has been conducted at the Eindhoven Univenig of technology. Investigated is whether Monitor studies (second framework programme of the European Commission) are utilized in the Netherlands. For this purpose, potential users have been interviewed and Monitor studies have been analyzed. The results of this investigation point out that Monitor studies are poorly used in the Netherlands. The reasons for this relate to the tuning (both content and form) of the Monitor studies with respect to the needs of the potential users and the dissemination of the research results. To improve the utilization of European policy research, more attention should be paid to the needs of potential users and to the dissemination and exploitation of the research results in the Netherlands.     

对荷兰大型研究设施路线图的解读

大型研究设施是探索科学前沿不可或缺的工具,是国内与国际合作创新的重要基地。目前,既有传统的单点大型自然科学研究设施,也有以信息通信技术为支撑的多点、虚拟、新兴的大型人文科学研究设施。目前,荷兰有66个大型研究设施,其中,单点设施占49%,多点设施和虚拟设施各占20%多。荷兰大型研究设施路线图对入选的设施有诸多要求,其中包括:因获得投资而取得科学突破;研究领域要反映荷兰和欧洲热点问题;设施建成后将产生知识聚集效应,吸引和留住顶级人才。研究荷兰大型研究设施路线图的形式、内涵和编制方法,期望有助于我国大科学设施建设,有利于中荷大科学合作。     

Characterizing stochastically monotone functions by multiattribute utility theory

The research of Peter Wakker has been made possible by a fellowship of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.     

Benefits and unemployment in an open economy: an equilibrium analysis

This paper examines the relation between uemployment compensation and unemployment in The Netherlands. This relation is studied by menas of a small macroeconomic model for an open economy that assumes equilibrium in the labour market and on the current account. The model yields an elasticity of unemployment to benefits of 1.0, which is high compared to microeconomic research and the outcomes of disequilibrium models for The Netherlands. According to the model, a rise in the ‘wedge’ (i.e. the difference betweenn real labour cost and real net wages) leads to an increase in unemployment, whilst shifting this wedge from the employers to the employees induces a fall in unemployment.     

The Dark Matter of Innovation: Design and Innovative Performance in Dutch Manufacturing

This paper focuses on the impact of expenditures on design on the innovative performance of Dutch manufacturing firms. The competitive advantage of a firm often depends on its ability to innovate. Past research has shown that investments in research and development (R&D) can play a key role in stimulating innovation, yet relatively few studies have examined the impact of expenditures on design on innovative performance. Using a database containing 2010 firms from the Netherlands, this paper explores the association between expenditures on design and product innovation, highlighting the importance of the new range of 'downstream' innovation activities for understanding innovation performance.     

The Dark Matter of Innovation: Design and Innovative Performance in Dutch Manufacturing1

This paper focuses on the impact of expenditures on design on the innovative performance of Dutch manufacturing firms. The competitive advantage of a firm often depends on its ability to innovate. Past research has shown that investments in research and development (R&D) can play a key role in stimulating innovation, yet relatively few studies have examined the impact of expenditures on design on innovative performance. Using a database containing 2010 firms from the Netherlands, this paper explores the association between expenditures on design and product innovation, highlighting the importance of the new range of ‘downstream’ innovation activities for understanding innovation performance.     

Direct measurement of hidden labour

The hidden economy suddenly appeared in economic research in 1977, and has since attracted much attention from economists. The central problems are how to assess the scale and causes of this illicit phenomenon. Many different methods of measurement have been applied to different Western countries. Unfortunately these methods yield extremely different size estimates. They also appear to measure different things. This paper reviews the methods used and makes a strong case for direct methods. An example of a direct method used in the Netherlands is presented. The results are used to analyse the relation between hidden and regular activities.     

Clarence Ayres’s Critique of Orthodox Economic Theory

Mainstream economists and liberal politicians are criticizing the Third Way as it is being applied in the Netherlands. They argue that mutual consultation precludes an efficient adaptation to disturbances. The present study analyzes changes in wage and income policy in the Netherlands until 2005. It finds that wage and income policy has proven to be flexible enough to address “new” challenges in the Netherlands. The flexibility is rooted in a culture of tolerance that allows for some breaking of working rules. The latter arises from bounded socialization, that is, the imperfect transmission of information with respect to social working rules that result in similar but not identical copies of institutions.     

Does a clustered location matter for high-technology companies' performance? The case of biotechnology in the Netherlands

Young entrepreneurial companies in biotechnology tend to cluster in space, nearby research universities and research centers. This pattern is often ascribed to the availability of external economies, mainly local knowledge spillovers that help to reduce the uncertainty from a disruptive technology faced by these companies. Given a shortage of empirical research on cluster advantages and performance of clustered companies, we present results of a comparative analysis of clustered and non-clustered companies in biotechnology and Bionanotechnology in the Netherlands. It appears that, among other influences, a clustered location has no significant influence on innovation and speed of growth. However, a location in the largest cluster (Leiden) does contribute to a better performance in terms of innovativeness compared with all other locations. The kind of external economies involved seems to vary according to the stage in the knowledge value chain and the segment in biotechnology industry. Knowledge spillovers tend to be local for companies involved in new drugs and diagnostics research only in the first stage of the knowledge chain and for service companies regardless of the stage in the knowledge chain.     

Profit-shifting from Czech multinational companies to European tax havens

Although tax havens have been affecting other countries for decades, only in recent years have the associated challenges been subject to intensive scrutiny in both research and policy areas. We contribute to the growing evidence of corporate tax base erosion and profit-shifting by testing multinational companies’ ownership links to individual tax havens rather than to groups of them, as is the case with most previous research. Our company-level analysis suggests that profit shifts through debt financing from the Czech Republic to Luxembourg, Switzerland and, to a lesser extent, the Netherlands. We have ascertained that tax havens are not limited to tiny islands and may actually be found among European countries. We also provide rough estimates of the impact of this profit-shifting on tax revenues as well as a policy recommendation.