Black and white female body mass index values in the developing late 19th and early 20th century United States

When traditional measures for economic welfare are scarce or unreliable, stature and the body mass index (BMI) are now widely-used measures that reflect economic conditions. However, little work exists for late 19th and early 20th century women’s BMIs in the US and how they varied over time. Women’s BMIs stagnated throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries. After controlling for characteristics, African-American women had higher BMIs than lighter complexioned mixed-race and white women. Women from the Southwest were taller and had lower BMIs than women born elsewhere within the US. Alternatively, women’s BMIs did not vary by socioeconomic status.     

Intergenerational Wealth Mobility in France, 19th and 20th Century

This paper examines intergenerational wealth mobility between fathers and children in France between 1848 and 1960. Considering wealth mobility in the long run requires taking into account not only positional mobility (that is, how families move within a given distribution of wealth), but also structural mobility induced by changes in the distribution of wealth. Such changes are related to two structural phenomena: in the nineteenth century, the rising number of individuals leaving no estate at death and, after World War I, the decline in the number of the very rich who could live off their wealth. The paper studies the movements between these groups and estimates the intergenerational elasticity of wealth, taking into account the persistence at the bottom and at the top.     

Telecommunications, an instrument of radical change for both the 20th and 21st centuries

This paper compares and contrasts how entrepreneurial disruptions, firm innovations, foreign market expansion and government restraint interact during three distinct periods to create and dramatically expand one service—telecommunications. Because this service has the ability to help business overcome the frictions of time, it has become both an enabling and lead technology in the dramatic economic growth. Telecommunications was instrumental in ushering in the formation of the third Kondratieff long Wave upswing at the beginning of the 20th century and appears to be important in jumpstarting the emerging information economy in the fifth Kondratieff Wave at the end of the 20th century.     

Money without a State: Currencies of the Orthodox Christians in the Balkan Provinces of the Ottoman Empire (17th –19th centuries)

The paper presents a historical and theoretical analysis of the issue of local currency (coins and paper money), undertaken in various forms by the Orthodox Christians in the Balkan provinces of the Ottoman Empire (XVII –XIX centuries). The paper has two main goals. The first is to enrich the discussion on the diversity and complexity of monetary practices in historical perspective by including experience of the Ottoman Empire. The second is to contribute to a better understanding and rethinking of the economic and social processes in the Ottoman Empire which helped its centuries-long resilience and vitality. In fact, the monetary architecture of the Ottoman Empire was relatively complex. Despite the tension between its different monetary areas and layers, on the whole it managed to ensure flexibility, sustainability, and efficiency in the long-run.     

社会保障的新理念与中国农民扶持性社会保障体制

中国的市场化改革使广大的中国农民直接暴露在现代市场经济风险下,而家庭联产承包制的实施又使改革开放前与计划经济体制相适应的保障体制无法运转,这样,中国广大农民成为了现代市场经济中最没有保障的弱势群体。因此,建立农民社会保障体系的意义重大。中国农民社会保障体制迟迟没有建立的原因有二:其一,传统社会保障理念仅考虑到其工具价值,忽视了其目的价值;其二,农民的组织化程度低,导致他们在社会利益分割过程中没有谈判地位。从建立农民社会保障体制的双重价值出发,建立保障农民生存权和基本发展权的农民扶持性社会保障体制具有重要意义。     

Tariffs and Growth in the Late 19th Century

The paper estimates the correlation between tariffs and economic growth in the late 19th century, in the context of three types of growth equation: unconditional convergence equations; conditional convergence equations; and factor accumulation models. It does so for a panel of ten countries between 1875 and 1914. Tariffs were positively correlated with growth in these countries during this period.     

Great Depressions of the 20th Century

The papers in this issue study nine depressions—both from the interwar period in Europe and North America and from more recent times in Japan and Latin America—using a common framework. All of the papers rely on growth accounting to decompose changes in output into the portions due to changes in factor inputs and the portion due to the changes in efficiency with which these factors are used. All of the papers employ simple applied dynamic general equilibrium models. Collectively, these papers indicate that government policies that affect productivity and hours per working-age person are the crucial determinants of the great depressions of the 20th century. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: E32, N10, O40.     

Free trade and European economic development in the 19th century

This article is an attempt to analyse empirically the effects of the free trade period which began around 1860 on three then “less developed” countries: France, Germany and Italy, and on the “developed” country: Great Britain.     

Territorial state capacity and elite violence from the 6th to the 19th century

We present new evidence for elite violence using regicide, the killing of kings, and investigate the role of the state in European violence between the 6th and 19th centuries. First, regicide is critically assessed as a proxy for interpersonal elite violence. Second, we propose ‘territorial state capacity’ as a measure of states being able to keep or even expand their territories. We find a negative correlation between the changes in territorial state capacity and the changes in elite violence. This could be interpreted in two ways, either that growing territorial state capacity enabled human society to reduce violence, or that a higher regicide rate resulted in lower territorial state capacity. Another possibility would be a bidirectional mechanism that resulted in a co-evolution of the two variables.     

Efficient government size: France in the 20th century

The benefits and costs of government suggest an efficient government size. We investigate efficient government size by analyzing the relation between public spending and real GDP for France in the period 1896–2008. The results show a co-integration nonlinear relationship. Our time-series data on France represents one of the longest periods studied in literature. Our empirical findings suggest that efficient government size measured by public spending was reached when public spending was around 30% of GDP. Conclusions point to particularities of countries that suggest efficient government size is specific to different countries.     

19世纪以来的管理会计理论

管理会计的本质是会计和管理的有机结合,它在企业管理中起着十分重要的作用.管理会计的形成和发展受社会实践及经济理论的双重影响,本文纵观 19 世纪以来管理理论的发展过程,从而探讨不同阶段管理会计的内容及管理会计未来的发展方向.     

20世纪的货币政策与股票市场兴衰

本文检验了美、英、德三国在20世纪实行的货币政策与其股票市场兴衰之间的关联性。结果发现：当产出快速增长且通货膨胀率维持低位时,股票市场多为繁荣;当通货膨胀持续上升且货币政策日趋紧缩时,股票市场也日渐萧条。借助对于上述几国战后数据的隐性变量VAR分析,本文证实了通货膨胀因素对于股票市场存在着明显影响。因此,中央银行可以通过降低价格指数的非预期性波动来维持金融市场的稳定。     

专家对19世纪上半期德国交通政策的影响分析

19世纪上半期,德国的一批专家对政府的交通政策产生了较大的影响。他们给当时奋发向上的市民提供了社会舆论支持,同时他们自己又在更高的舞台上表演。他们在“是否采纳铁路作为交通工具”、“大技术体系”等方面进行了充分的讨论,给政府提供了富有建设性的意见,并由此创造了学者政治的模式。专家们并不谋求直接在政治上发展,而是把自己看成超党派的公众的良心;而政府听取他们的意见,则体现了政府尊重科学的明智之举。     

二十世纪中国思想学术的主体是什么？

我们可以看到,二十世纪中国学术的主体是历史学中的实证主义,显然这同旧有的国家文化传统是一脉相承的,只是在现代更渗入了科学主义的思想影响与共鸣而已;然而就总体上言,仍然是落进了朴学的框架之中,至少造成的事实效果趋近于此。     

新时代中国特色社会主义经济建设:问题与探索——第十九届中国青年经济学者论坛综述

<正>2019年9月20日至22日第十九届中国青年经济学者论坛在武汉大学成功举办。本届论坛由中国社会科学院经济研究所《经济研究》编辑部、北京大学光华管理学院、武汉大学经济与管理学院/高级研究中心主办,武汉大学经济与管理学院承办。论坛共计收到国内外中国青年经济学者论文751篇,经过两轮评审流程,185篇高质量论文脱颖而出,入选本届论坛。来自全国数十所高校、科研机构以及境外高校的近两百名学者齐聚一堂,就新时代中国特色社会主义经济建设中亟待解决的重