绿色贸易壁垒下云南省农产品出口的现状与对策

近年来,云南省对外贸易频频遭受绿色贸易壁垒的困扰,严重影响了云南省对外贸易活动,绿色贸易壁垒日益成为制约云南省农产品出口的主要障碍。本文从绿色贸易壁垒的概念入手,分析云南省农产品遭受绿色壁垒的现状,从企业、政府、行业等方面提出使云南省农产品贸易成功跨越绿色壁垒,拓展海外市场,从而提高云南省的绿色竞争力,使云南省绿色生态农业得到进一步的完善和发展。     

我国农产品出口遭遇"绿色壁垒"问题研究

近几年,我国农产品出口屡屡受挫于发达国家一个接一个的"绿色壁垒"限制。通过对我国农产品出口遭遇"绿色壁垒"的现状及产生原因的分析,结合我国实际,提出突破"绿色壁垒"的相应对策,以促进我国农产品出口的持续增长。     

中国产品顺利出口的战略选择——突破绿色壁垒,实施绿色营销

中国加入WTO ,以绿色壁垒为代表的技术壁垒已悄然取代日益削弱的关税壁垒 ,成为限制中国产品顺利出口的巨大障碍。本文分析了绿色壁垒对我国主要出口产品的影响 ,并提出了实施绿色营销战略以突破绿色壁垒的对策建议。     

Comparing sustainable consumption patterns across product sectors

In this paper, we present findings from two qualitative studies where we explored sustainable consumption practices through examining consumers' information search and decision-making processes for recent purchases of five categories of goods/services: fast moving consumer goods (such as foodstuffs and household products), white goods (such as fridges and washing machines), small electrical products (such as TVs and computers), green energy tariffs (such as electricity from renewable sources) and tourism (such as flights). This research has provided us with a set of rich data which explores the nature and extent of sustainable consumption practices across different product sectors. A comparative analysis has allowed us to draw out patterns of consumer behaviour for different product and service types. Our findings suggest that even the same green consumer will not use the same information sources or decision-making criteria, consider the same options or focus on the same industry actors, for products in different sectors. However, we have identified some degree of consistency in purchases within sectors. We present these sector-specific patterns of consumer behaviour and highlight differences in the criteria utilized and the research norms in each sector.     

Young consumers’ green purchase behaviour in an emerging market

Young consumers represent a powerful engine in the development of environmentally conscious population as well as a promising market for green products. Marketers and organizations are therefore increasingly developing strategic marketing campaigns and environmental education programmes that target the young consumer segment. This study aims to examine a number of rational, moral, emotional and self-identity factors that may facilitate or impede green purchase behaviour among young consumers in an emerging market, Vietnam. A paper-based survey was employed to collect data from university students, which yielded an effective sample of 289 respondents. Multivariate statistics revealed that most factors (i.e. knowledge, attitudes, personal norms, self-identity and perceived barriers) significantly affected consumer purchase of energy efficient appliances, except for subjective social norms and warm glow. From these findings, implications for marketers, policy-makers and other stakeholders engaged in promoting green products are discussed.     

Green Marketing and the Concern over the Environment: Measuring Environmental Consciousness of Jordanian Consumers

SUMMARY

The purpose of this article is to explore the attitudes of Jordanian consumers regarding both their current environmental consciousness and their willingness to adopt environmentally friendly consumption behavior. The article is based on an empirical investigation of consumer attitudes for a sample of 303 university students drawn from Jordanian universities, using a drop-off method. The article concludes that Jordanian consumers were, generally, concerned about the environment, as they demonstrated reasonably high levels of environmental consciousness relating to various environmental issues. However, this pro-environmental attitude was not sufficient to turn good intentions into actual buying actions, possibly due to several factors, such as loyalty to traditional products and weak credibility of “green” claims. The article stresses the need to link consumers' good intentions to actual buying behavior through a green marketing strategy, which focuses on the unique characteristics of green products and how they impact the environment, within the cultural context of the Jordanian consumer. Over time, we hope that these efforts can lead to a culture of green consumerism within a framework of environmental responsibility.     

我国应对出口包装绿色壁垒的策略

由于国际社会对保护生态环境和人身安全等问题的关注与日俱增，加上贸易保护主义的抬头，一种新的贸易壁垒——绿色壁垒已成为国际贸易中的新问题。一些国家针对各种产品甚至产品包装设置了绿色壁垒，对我国包装行业造成极大冲击。如何顺应国际潮流、突破国际市场的绿色壁垒已成为我国厂家以及包装业面临的严峻问题。本文试从政府、法律、企业等方面提出应对针对包装的绿色壁垒的建议。     

绿色属性中心性对消费者购买意愿的影响机制研究：产品类型的调节作用与收益感知的中介效应

以往关于产品绿色属性对消费者购买意愿影响的研究尚未达成一致结论。文章通过两个情境实验系统性地探讨了不同产品类型情境下产品绿色属性对消费者购买意愿的影响机制。结果表明，对于享乐型产品，高绿色属性中心性相较于低绿色属性中心性会激发消费者更强烈的购买意愿。对于实用型产品，低绿色属性中心性相较于高绿色属性中心性会激发消费者更强烈的购买意愿。此外，在享乐品情境下，自我表达收益在高绿色属性中心性提升消费者购买意愿的过程中起中介作用；在实用品情境下，环境功利收益在低绿色属性中心性提升消费者购买意愿的过程中起中介作用。     

Young millennials,environmental orientation,food company sustainability,and green word-of-mouth recommendations

Threats loom for the global food supply. Food companies are taking action, yet consumer awareness lags. A sustainability materiality (SM) index was created that asked young millennials if issues related to a food company’s environmental footprint, ethical governance, community engagement, and nutrition-related actions influenced their product purchasing decisions. In comparison to their peers, those who held new ecological paradigm-related values were more likely to report that the SM index issues influenced their purchasing decisions. They offered more green word-of-mouth (WOM) recommendations to their friends. Regardless of their environmental orientation, those who purchase products consistent with the SM index are more likely to provide green WOM recommendations. Purchasing products consistent with SM index issues mediated the relationship between proenvironmental orientation and green WOM recommendations. Perceived personal ability was unrelated to green WOM recommendations. Educating and enlisting young consumers to offer green WOM recommendations will increasingly become a strategic business concern.     

Consumers’ evaluations of the efficiency of actions to improve environmental quality: A comparative study between Brazil and China

There is a gap in our knowledge about environmentally conscious consumers in industrialized economies and the desire to achieve sustainable economies. Given that most aspects of consumer behaviour are culture bound, this paper contributes by comparing consumers’ evaluations of the efficiency of actions to improve environmental quality in two of the most promising industrializing consumer societies: Brazil and China. The proposed conceptual framework includes environmental concerns, perceived consumer effectiveness, green attitudes, green behaviours and external motivators as constructs to explain the perception of efficient environmental support. Field research was conducted in Brazil with 1,149 respondents, and in China with 632 respondents to test the model. The results suggested that the belief that environmental quality can be improved is directly associated with consumers’ internal and external motivators. However, cultural traits drove important differences in the evaluation of the efficiency of such improvements. Specifically, Chinese people tended to rely on collective leadership to create the conditions necessary for improving environmental quality, while they remained concerned with the current status. In contrast, Brazilians accepted more personal responsibility for the results, although they face important constraints, such as the availability of products.     

创新型社会下的特色农产品营销研究——以苏州为例

随着消费者绿色意识的增强,绿色农产品的需求量大大的增加。开发地方特色农产品,开发绿色农产品,实现农产品绿色营销已经成为农业经济发展的趋势。苏州特色农产品存在本地绿色农产品组合分布不均衡,初级产品居多,深加工产品少,品牌知名度不高,价格较高,鲜活绿色农产品损失率高,产品促销缺乏整合性及长远规划等问题。应树立绿色营销观念,创新营销组合,规范质量标准,开拓营销渠道,做好科技防伪工作,开展网络营销。     

Ethical consumption behaviours in supermarket shoppers: determinants and marketing implications

Understanding how consumers make ethical purchases has numerous benefits for firms and other stakeholders. Although several ethical decision-making frameworks seek to explain such purchasing behaviour, they typically focus on the content of such decisions, rather than considering how such decisions unfold in a given context. Yet, the complexities of consumer choice suggest that greater insight into how consumers make ethical purchases in store can enhance understanding. We report our findings from a survey of a geographically disperse sample of 688 UK shoppers and argue that a naturalistic theory of decision making, image theory, enhances our ability to explain consumer behaviour in this setting. As well as contributing to theoretical understanding of consumer choice, this has implications for the merchandising of ethical products, such as Fair Trade and ‘green’ goods.     

绿色农产品消费意愿的经济学分析

本文通过对绿色农产品消费者群体的划分,采用指数效用和需求价格弹性等综合性指标来全面深入反映绿色农产品消费意愿。实证结果表明以中青年、文化程度较高和白领职员为主的人群是绿色农产品的主要消费群体。绿色农产品的需求价格弹性较高,消费者对价格比较敏感,绿色农产品对普通农产品的消费替代还不高。在各类农产品中,消费者对绿色蔬菜的需求程度最高。     

Implementing Green Practices as Sustainable Innovation Among Herbal-Based SME Entrepreneurs

The need for policies to foster green practices, sustainable environmental management and conservation of biodiversity has been given priority by world leaders. Various factors causing environmental degradation such as global warming, pollution, climate change, deforestation and increasingly threatened biodiversity have triggered awareness among the upstream and downstream players in the manufacturing industry, providing impetus for industries to practice sustainable manufacturing and environmentally friendly management. As a result, consumers are now increasing their demand for products that are made from natural or traditional rather resources, such as herbal based pharmaceutical products, rather than chemical-based products. The sustainability issue not only places pressure on entrepreneurs to move towards green practices, but also to meet the increasing demand for herbal-based products that are produced in a sustainable environment. This article aims to assess herbal based SME entrepreneurs’ intention to adopt green practices in their business activities. Two hundred fifty six (256) herbal based entrepreneurs were interviewed via a structural questionnaire to gather information regarding their perception of green practices and their intention to adopt them. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) was used as the theoretical framework to determine the relationships between TPB constructs. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the information. The results indicate that positive attitudes towards sustainability are being embraced by those who are concerned about the environment and the intention to adopt innovative green practices is realized by their possession of the caring attribute.     

绿色壁垒对我国出口贸易的影响及对策

本文认为,绿色壁垒给中国出口贸易造成严重影响,农副产品出口严重受阻,工业产品出口命运多舛,中药等传统药物及技术遭受文化、观念冲突;要成功突破这一“绿色瓶颈”的制约,达到贸易与环保的双赢,一要提高认识,转变观念,积极应对;二要实施环保战略,建立和完善我国的环境经济核算体系和政策体系,实现经济发展、出口贸易与环境保护的共赢;三要主动适应,树立清洁生产观念,积极推行绿色管理,实施绿色营销策略;四要积极进行国际检测认定,全面推行ISO14000环境管理新体系;五要加强国内环保标准和认证机构的建设,提高认证工作的权威性;六要大力推进技术创新,积极发展“环境友善产品”,提高我国产品在国际市场上的吸引力和竞争力。     

绿色认证对品牌信任和购买意愿的影响研究

绿色认证是政府或民间机构向企业证明其产品符合相关环境保护要求的手段.通过绿色认证的企业通常会把绿色证书或标志放在公司网站和产品包装的显著位置,目的是提高消费者对企业生产的产品和品牌的信任感,提高消费者的购买意愿.文章通过问卷调查,检验绿色标志对消费者品牌信任度和购买意愿的影响,分析了消费者价值观对这种影响的作用,提出结论和未来研究方向.     

消费者绿色偏好视角下乳制品定价模型研究

在乳制品行业安全质量问题频发的背景下,消费者对于乳制品的绿色偏好程度越来越高,这种偏好会直接影响市场需求和企业生产决策。从消费者绿色偏好出发,将消费者按照绿色等级进行划分,运用均衡价格理论和消费者剩余理论构建了乳制品定价模型。经过数值仿真分析,结果发现,随着区间内消费者比例和消费水平的提高,区间内的需求量也会随之提高;且区间内消费者绿色偏好程度与企业利润呈正相关。     

纺织服装业绿色供应链分析与整体绩效评价研究

纺织服装企业正面临着消费需求偏好的改变和绿色贸易壁垒等来自环境方面的挑战,依托服装核心企业构建绿色供应链管理系统,建立科学、合理的绩效评价体系,时时监控供应链中各节点企业的运行情况,是有效提升我国纺织服装业国际竞争力和可持续发展能力的战略选择。     

When consumers penalize not so green products

To cash in on consumers’ willingness to pay higher prices for green products, several companies are promoting conventional products as green by highlighting a few green attributes. Through a theoretical lens, the authors investigate how consumers perceive such attempts. This research illustrates that not so green products make consumers sensitive to the monetary sacrifice associated with the purchase of such products. The current research shows that consumers have a negative attitude toward such products and they become concerned about the ethicality of the company when they encounter such products. Both implicit and explicit measures suggest that consumers notice the company's motive behind such practices which, in turn, impacts their price perceptions.     

WTO绿色壁垒的法律思考

文章通过对WT0绿色壁垒的分析，揭示WT0绿色壁垒的本质和特征，使人们能正确地理解WTO绿色壁垒，摆正国际贸易、经济可持续发展与环境保护的关系，并从法律上提出一些应对WT0绿色壁垒的措施。