我国特色果蔬国际贸易中存在的技术壁垒问题探析

我国是农业大国,农产品的国际贸易对我国经济发展具有较大的影响。随着我国农产品贸易出口量的增加,国外许多国家,尤其是发达国家开始制定许多措施来限制我国农产品的出口,其中技术壁垒对我国农产品出口产生很大的阻碍。为了更好地促进农产品贸易发展,我国逐渐将特色果蔬作为农产品贸易的主要竞争力,特色果蔬不仅具有较高的经济效益,其区域特色、品质特色及丰富的营养结构等优势更是顺应了消费者对农产品质量要求越来越高的新变化。文章通过阐述特色农产品与技术壁垒等的相关概念,进而分析我国特色果蔬国际贸易发展存在的相关问题,从不利与有利因素来研究技术壁垒对我国特色果蔬国际贸易带来的影响,以此为我国特色果蔬贸易的发展提出以下几点政策建议:(1)提高特色果蔬产品质量安全水平;(2)完善特色果蔬质量标准体系建设;(3)实现特色果蔬集约化生产与运输。     

中国主要非木质林化产品贸易分析

首先分析中国主要林化产品1992~2006年进出口贸易情况及特征,然后在整体和分类2个层面上利用产业内贸易指数对中国主要林化产品产业内贸易水平进行测量和分析。结果表明:中国是世界主要林化产品出口国,在国际市场上占有垄断地位。尽管中国林化产品贸易中存在产业内贸易和产业间贸易2种方式,但无论是从总量的角度来说,还是从增量角度来说,林化产品贸易均以产业间贸易为主。在此基础上,提出今后中国林化产品贸易的发展方向。     

水果和蔬菜中农药残留检测技术研究进展

随着生活质量的不断提高,人们对食品安全的关注度也越来越高,要使果蔬等农副产品的安全性得到保证,需要对其农药残留状况进行全面监管。本文从农药残留检测发展现状入手,对涉及的检测技术及果蔬安全管控相关建议进行全面研究,明确果蔬农药残留检测技术的重要性,进而为打造绿色无公害农副产品提供助力。     

Fat taxes and thin subsidies: Prices, diet, and health outcomes

“Fat taxes” have been proposed as a way of addressing food-related health concerns. In this paper, we investigate the possible effects of “thin subsidies”, consumption subsidies for healthier foods. Empirical simulations, based on data from the Continuing Study of Food Intake by Individuals, are used to calculate the potential health benefits of subsidies on certain classes of fruits and vegetables in the United States. Estimates of the cost per statistical life saved through such subsidies compare favorably with existing U.S. government programs.     

鲜切果蔬保鲜技术研究进展

鲜切果蔬因其丰富的营养,新鲜、方便的特性广受消费者欢迎,然而鲜切果蔬在加工、贮藏、销售等过程中,由于机械损伤、自身生理作用、微生物的侵染等因素易导致其变质衰老的进程加快,影响产品的货架期。本文从物理、化学、生物及果蔬贮藏新技术等方面论述了鲜切果蔬的保鲜技术,以期为今后鲜切果蔬的加工与生产提供理论依据与参考。     

非法进口俄罗斯木材比重测算及影响因素分析

从中国木材贸易面临的形势和中俄木材贸易现状入手,对非法进口俄罗斯木材比重进行测算并分析其影响因素。指出中国非法进口俄罗斯木材比重较低,非法进口的产生一方面由于俄罗斯经济政策多变、木材出口关税不稳定,另一方面受欧美等发达国家大量消费木制品的推动,同时也有中国木材需求量大,中俄木材交易市场不规范的原因。提出了相应对策建议。     

中国与挪威水产品贸易研究综述

水产品对外贸易发达与否是衡量一个国家或地区渔业经济发展水平的重要标志之一.近年来,我国水产品出口贸易得到长足发展,中国是世界头号渔业大国,2004年,出口量和出口额分别达到242.1万t,69.7亿美元,占世界水产品出口份额的7%,位居第一.中国是世界第一大海产品生产国,渔业产量占世界的1/3,挪威是世界第一大海产品出口国.本文主要就我国水产品进出口贸易的特点,面临的问题,及我国与挪威水产品贸易概况等方面的研究作一个综述.     

基于QuEChERS方法检测蔬菜和水果中农药残留的质量控制分析

本文阐述了质量控制在蔬菜和水果的农药残留检测中的重要性,并基于QuEChERS方法从样品采集、样品制备、样品运输、提取净化和仪器测定等关键步骤提出了质量控制措施,为果蔬农药残留检测的完善和发展提供参考.     

电生功能水对果蔬的保鲜作用分析

电解水作为一种无残留的物理灭菌和保存方法,能够抑制褐变、延缓衰老、保持果实品质,近年来被广泛应用于果蔬采后消毒和保存.本文综述了近年来电生功能水的概况、保鲜的原理以及在果实采后贮藏中的应用,对延缓果蔬衰老、提高果实品质提供参考.     

Consumers’ Perceptions and Behaviors Regarding Organic Fruits and Vegetables: Marketing Trends for Organic Food in the Twenty-First Century

ABSTRACT

Organic food market is very challenging in Europe and developing rapidly with different rates between the western and eastern parts. The objective of this report is to gain knowledge about attitudes toward organic fruits and vegetables among Slovenian consumers. Results indicated that organic buyers tend to be younger and higher educated than those who do not buy them. In addition, consumers’ trust in the authenticity of the goods and price are also issues. However, the main barrier to increase the market share of organic products is consumer information. According to the research results an important task for the producers will be to increase consumers’ knowledge of what an organic product is and how to differentiate it in the marketplace. Along with knowledgeable and educated consumers, consumption could be raised on another level. The results of the research could be used for planning further marketing activities.     

农产品商品化设备使用率调查研究

目的 商品化是提高农产品附加值的主要途径,其效率高低与设备使用率紧密相关,究竟我国农产品商品化设备使用率如何,下一步应如何调整和应对,这是降低农产品流通成本、优化农产品供应链亟需厘清的问题。方法 文章以7种重要果蔬产品为对象,对全国6个农产品产区10个县级经济区域开展典型调查,采用统计分析、问卷调查、面对面访谈等方式,定量测算商品化设备使用率,并进行分析。结果 全国6个产区果蔬商品化设备使用率平均为21.78%。其中,水果类产品商品化设备使用率处于10%~45%之间,蔬菜类产品不足10%;干燥环节和分级环节设备使用率分别为31.40%、38.98%,预冷环节和包装环节分别为8.30%、6.59%。结论 农产品商品化设备使用率低,显著影响“小生产”与“大市场”的对接效率,也是导致我国农产品流通成本高、损耗大的重要原因所在,提高农产品商品化设备使用率的重点在于加强组织协作、加大政策支持、推动工商资本下乡、完善设备供给体系、加强宣传和培训等。     

全球金融危机下我国木材贸易发展及政策取向

木材贸易是保障我国木材市场平稳运行,促进木材产业成长的重要因素。当前,愈演愈烈的全球金融危机已成为影响我国木材贸易可持续发展的重要因素。文章分析了全球金融危机下我国木材贸易波动变化,讨论了当前木材国际贸易政策发展动态,提出了全球金融危机下我国木材贸易政策取向。     

European Agriculture after Brexit: Does Anyone Benefit from the Divorce?

The UK exited the EU on 31 January 2020, with a transition period agreed as part of the Withdrawal Agreement. During this transition period the UK and the EU will decide on their future trading relationship. No matter what form this relationship takes, there will be disturbances to agri‐food markets. This study analyses four different scenarios with increasing barriers to trade, ranging from a very close relationship similar to the European Economic Area to a distant relationship in which the UK and EU trade on Most Favoured Nation terms, using the EU focused global agricultural sector model CAPRI. In the UK, food prices will increase in all scenarios, making consumers in the UK the biggest losers. Only in a free trade agreement scenario does the UK show an unambiguous positive net welfare gain in just the agri‐food sector. In the case of the European Economic Area scenario, which assumes continued access to the single market, the net welfare impact would depend on the size of the UK’s continued contribution to the EU. In the EU, declining food prices would benefit consumers but the sum of the loss in farmers’ incomes and the UK’s EU CAP contribution would be much greater than the consumer’s gain. These impacts in agricultural markets under different future trade arrangements will also be influenced by the UK’s agricultural policy changes in direct payments as well as by possible further UK trade liberalisation after the end of the transition period.