基于信任观点的企业联盟治理机制演变机理研究

随着经济全球化、客户需求多样化和技术创新的不断加快.越来越多的企业开始通过战略联盟来获取资源,实现优势互补,维持自身在市场中的竞争优势.当然,合作中的竞争也使企业面临自身,核心技术被窃取及优势资源流失的风险.因此,联盟内合作企业间治理机制的构建及其有效性具有非常重要的现实意义,而合作企业间信任关系在联盟治理机制演变过程中起着非常重要的作用.联盟成立初期,企业主要采取正式契约治理联盟;随着双方合作的不断深入,联盟经理间个人关系的发展、企业对合作伙伴预期的实现及联盟绩效的公平获取,会促进双方感性信任的建立.而合作企业间感性信任的发展又会降低对正式契约治理的依赖性,转而使用柔性更高、交易成本更低的关系契约治理联盟.     

Effects of an External Consultant on JIT Implementation

ABSTRACT

The point of view of customers has been neglected by most of the relationship marketing literature. This paper, which draws on the Morgan and Hunt's commitment-trust theory (1994), proposes a model that explains the causal origins of relational commitment and highlights the role of trust as a central antecedent rather than other economic variables. In fact, consumer's trust in the firm's intentions and values turns out to be the most significant antecedent of a solid and lasting commitment. The model is tested for the relationship that customer develops with their usual garages.     

The Impact of Relational Supplier Exchange on Financial Performance: A Study of the Hospital Sector

In the hospital context, when responsiveness is high, relational exchange with suppliers associates with better financial performance. But when a hospital’s responsiveness is low, relational exchange has no effect on performance—the hospital’s inability to adopt “things that are new” and extirpate “things that are old” eclipses the potential financial benefits of long‐term, relational exchange with suppliers. Furthermore, the quality orientation of the hospital and supplier uncertainty associate with relational supplier exchange—these effects are not moderated by hospital responsiveness. The net effect is that a quality orientation in a hospital impacts financial performance only when hospital responsiveness is high.     

组织中人际信任关系对组织公民行为的影响

组织公民行为是由一系列与工作有关的自主合作行为所构成,能从总体上提高组织效能。如果组织成员相互信任程度高,他们就会采取合作行为,比如产生单方面的合作、利他、职务外工作等自发行为,人际信任直接或者间接地影响着组织公民行为,中西方组织中信任关系表现不同,直接影响组织公民行为的表现,中国企业要根据组织内信任关系的特点,采取相应措施,促进组织公民行为出现。     

“订单农业”中交易关系的建立、发展与维护——以经纪人主导的蔬菜流通渠道为例

通过建构"订单农业"中交易关系建立与发展过程的概念模型,研究发现,在交易关系的发展过程中,政府的介入与人际关系的发展具有至关重要的作用。其中,企业与农户互动过程中人际关系的作用是以往研究中不曾被关注的方面。研究还发现,订单农业中企业与农户人际关系的发展具有稳定交易关系、促进交易关系升级的重要作用。     

Managing Effective Consumer Communication Through Customer Care: The Singapore Perspective

This article examines the importance of relationship communication as companies manage their customers by developing and strengthening customer care. The process is likened to that of a courtship where social exchange is determined and validated. The conceptual framework involves looking at marketing relationships through various phases, such as initiating introduction, working at maintenance, securing trust and commitment, as well as adding value to certain intangible aspects. Throughout the discussion, several timely examples are illustrated to show how different companies have advocated relationship management to support organizational growth and publicity.     

外部知识搜索策略对企业创新绩效的影响机制研究

快速创新使得企业外部知识搜索显得尤为重要,而不同的搜索策略会对企业产生不同的创新绩效。本文基于企业层面,从正式和非正式知识搜索视角出发,考察深度优先与宽度优先的知识搜索策略对企业创新绩效的影响机制,探讨关系嵌入性和知识缄默性在外部知识搜索策略影响企业创新绩效时的调节作用。以长三角地区161家企业为样本运用回归分析进行实证研究,结果表明：当关系嵌入性强时,深度优先的正式及非正式知识搜索策略对企业创新绩效的促进作用更大;当知识缄默性高时,宽度优先的正式知识搜索策略对企业创新绩效的促进作用更大。     

The Relationship between Mutual TSI and Interfirm Contracts: The Moderating Effect of Strong Ties

ABSTRACT

Purpose: This study examines the influence that tie strength has on contractual relationships between exchange parties with specific investments and also explores the role of network intensity in contractual relationships between buyers and suppliers. We hypothesize that the relationship between transaction-specific investments (TSIs) and contracts is moderated by network intensity.

Methodology: An empirical test is carried out by analyzing buyer–supplier relationships of manufacturing companies. The construct measures were based on those obtained from prior research, and the reliability and validity were established using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The overall measurement model was then assessed with structural equation modeling using AMOS.

Findings: We focus primarily on contract variables as a governance mechanism that can be affected by the strength of ties among firms and the results of our empirical study indicate that supplier TSIs improve the use of informal contracts while the use of formal contracts undermines the effect on supplier TSIs. In addition, we found that firms with weak ties with their partners in the network are more likely to use both formal and informal contracts than those with strong ties.

Contribution: Our study has several contributions. First, our research improves the understanding of the relationship between TSIs and the choice of contracts as a governance mechanism, especially for mutual TSIs. Second, our research improves our understanding of the network strength in the context of business-to-business relationships extending the understanding of the relationship intensity among firms in a network. Third, we focused on the effects of network intensity on contractual relationships.     

中国企业渠道联盟关系影响因素研究

Channel alliance is regarded as the most advanced form of channel relationships. The extant literature mainly focuses on commitment, trust, communication and cooperation as influencing factors of channel alliance relationship. This paper empirically explores influencing factors of channel alliance relationship in Chinese enterprises, and their respective degrees of influence, particularly those of personal relationship and government administrative factors. Research hypotheses were tasted based on a survey of automobile vendors and dealers. Three most important influencing factors were identified “commitment and trust”, “communication and cooperation”, and “returns”. __________ Translated from Nankai Guanli Pinglun 南开管理评论 (Nankai Business Review), 2006, 6(1): 42–48     

正式控制对销售绩效的影响机制研究--一个被中介的调节作用模型

基于目标设定理论,构建了一个被中介的调节作用模型,探讨正式控制(包括结果控制和行为控制)对销售人员绩效的影响。实证结果表明：结果控制、行为控制分别与销售绩效显著正相关;结果控制与行为控制对销售绩效有交互的影响效应,结果控制与行为控制较强时,销售绩效更高;销售人员的顾客导向行为对上述交互效应与销售绩效的关系起部分中介作用。本研究的结论说明销售管理者需要通过结果控制为下属设置目标,配合使用行为控制提供反馈,从而激发销售人员迎合顾客需求的销售行为,提升其销售绩效。     

The Influence of the Provision of Online Channel Functions on Exporting Channel Performance: The Moderating Effect of International Experience

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of the provision of two online channel functions on exporting channel performance, using international experience as a moderating variable. The study setting is Taiwan. The results confirm that the provision of online communication and transaction functions can increase exporting channel performance. Moreover, international experience can better facilitate the effect of the provision of online transaction functions on exporters’ channel performance for less-experienced firms rather than for experienced firms. However, its facilitation reverses in course of the provision of online communication functions (albeit in a different direction than hypothesized).     

基于关系视角的农产品渠道模式选择研究

本文在国内外学者对渠道关系类型研究的基础上,依据一定的变量构建了基于农户——龙头企业——分销商的不同阶段的农产品渠道关系模型和渠道关系选择模式。在农户——龙头企业阶段,依据外部环境的不确定性、农户规模、龙头企业品牌知名度三个变量,渠道关系有四种可选择的模式;在龙头企业——分销商阶段,依据外部环境的不确定性、分销商对下游渠道创造增加值的能力和龙头企业品牌知名度三个变量,渠道关系也有四种可供选择模式,但这些不同的渠道关系模式承诺水平表现出一定的差异。     

跨组织电子商务与企业间信任、承诺关系研究

跨组织电子商务的发展为合作企业带来诸多优势,并可能会影响到合作企业关系。将经典的关系变量(如信任、承诺和关系价值创造)与跨组织电子商务纳入到模型进行实证研究,结果表明,跨组织电子商务并没有对关系价值创造产生积极影响,而承诺会对跨组织电子商务使用产生积极影响,信任对于跨组织电子商务的使用是否产生影响并不明朗,同时信任和承诺对于关系价值创造的积极影响关系以及信任对于承诺的积极影响关系得到了验证。     

Greenfield Investments or Acquisitions: Impacts of Institutional Distance on Establishment Mode Choice of Multinational Enterprises in Emerging Economies

ABSTRACT

The authors analyze the impacts of formal and informal institutional distance on establishment mode choice of multinational enterprises (MNEs) using a sample of 343 foreign direct investments (FDIs) made in selected emerging economies of Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, and Latin America by the Finnish MNEs. This study contributes to conceptualization and operationalization of institutional distance as well as its application in international business studies. The empirical analysis revealed that high informal institutional distance results in preference of greenfield investments by the Finnish MNEs as the authors hypothesized. However, the authors also found that high formal institutional distance results in preference of acquisitions, which is opposite the study hypothesis as well as the findings of previous studies addressing similar issues.     

Distribution Channel Relationships: The Conditions and Strategic Outcomes of Cooperation between Manufacturer and Distributor

The purpose of this paper is to carry out an empirical examination of the antecedents of cooperation between manufacturer and distributor. A further objective is to study the levels of satisfaction with the strategic outcomes of such cooperation. We analyze the extent to which cooperation requires not only complementary resources and capabilities of the partners but also goal congruence, trust and relational norms. Cooperation between manufacturer and distributor also involves reciprocal commitment and joint investment in specific assets. Finally, manufacturers and distributors should not only gain satisfaction from the economic, psychological or social benefits of cooperation, but should also gain competitive advantage, profits and strategic outcomes that help to compete in the market more efficiently.     

The Impact of Trust on Employee Participation in Poland

This paper comments on five problems concerning the transformation of the Polish economy with special emphasis on employee participation and trust. 1) There can be no ethical evaluation or justification of employee participation independent of the goals of the transformation. 2) In Poland this participation is affected by deep distrust towards the whole process of transformation. 3) Privatisation is the topic most often mentioned in this connection. 4) The definition of trust becomes even more crucial when the phenomenon of distrust has to be explained. 5) Institutions can become the substitute of trust.     

绩效评估对企业投资的影响

由于将战略转换成可度量的绩效目标的难度,绩效目标对企业战略是一个不完美的估计,将导致投资扭曲。这种不完美的绩效评估对企业投资产生了一定影响。仅仅寻求对评估系统单方面的改进很难达到减轻投资扭曲的预期目的,仍需要辅之以其他控制手段,如同化控制、行为控制和互动控制等。     

企业社会资本对渠道权力与依赖的影响

传统渠道权力与依赖研究将研究视野局限在由两个渠道成员构成的二元渠道关系内,关注关系内的资源依赖特征而缺少对关系以外更大范围的渠道关系网络的关注。针对这一缺陷,文章引入了社会资本理论,并实证性地考察了制造商社会资本对其渠道权力和经销商依赖的影响。研究发现,制造商的社会资本对其渠道权力有显著的正向影响,但对经销商的渠道依赖没有显著影响。同时,以中国本土社会心理学理论为基础,研究证实在中国文化背景下渠道权力作为依赖的前因变量对其有显著的正向影响。