知识管理与林业企业可持续发展

知识经济时代 ,知识这种无形资源正逐步取代物质资源成为决定企业竞争力的核心要素。知识管理作为一种企业管理的新模式将推动林业企业的可持续发展。因而 ,必须搞好知识管理运作 ,实施“知识运营”创新战略 ,使林业企业可持续发展从理论变为现实     

Knowledge Diffusion and Networking in the Organic Production Sector: A Case Study

Knowledge Diffusion and Networking in the Organic Production Sector: A Case Study
Recent uncertainty throughout the food system has put pressure on European farmers, now facing economic globalisation, changing consumer preferences, and a new legal and regulatory framework. Under these new circumstances, policy-makers must identify new strategies for developing food production systems in ways that benefit the whole of society, whilst minimising negative effects upon the environment. In this regard, the organic food sector, characterised by an ever more complex legislative framework and policy environment, presents an opportunity and a challenge for policy-makers as well as for farms and firms. This article reports findings from a case study of knowledge diffusion in the organic sector in the province of Foggia, a developmentally backward area in Southern Italy. Our study shows that despite a cohesive'network of interactions' among organic producers, exchanges of knowledge are fairly marginal. This communication void is partially filled by local institutions that are shown to be effective in diffusing juridical and technical knowledge but less effective in providing commercial/market information. Further institutional efforts are required to cover these knowledge gaps. The study draws attention to some policy issues that can be shared by groups of organic producers elsewhere with characteristics similar to the Foggian case study, similarities that call for institutions to facilitate the creation, interpretation, and sharing of knowledge.     

Managing Customer Knowledge During the Concept Development Stage of the New Food Product Development Process

New product development (NPD) is a knowledge-intensive process where the generation of new ideas and concepts requires detailed knowledge of both products and customers. The high reported failure rates for innovative functional beverages suggest an inability to manage customer knowledge effectively as well as a lack of knowledge management between functional disciplines involved in the NPD process. This research explored the concept of managing customer knowledge at the early stages of the NPD process, through the use of advanced concept optimization methods, and applied it to the development of a range of functional beverages. A conjoint-based survey was administered to 400 customers in Ireland. This research identified 2 hypothetical functional beverage concepts with high levels of customer acceptance. Managing customer knowledge during the concept development stage of the NPD process can assist firms overcome customer acceptance issues associated with innovative products. Methodologies that advance both a firm's understanding of customers' choice motives and value systems can increase the chances of new product success in international food and beverage markets.     

高校食堂餐饮从业人员食品安全知识调查

目的:了解高校食堂餐饮从业人员食品安全知识知晓情况.方法:通过问卷星发放问卷进行匿名调查.结果:食堂餐饮从业人员食品安全知识的总知晓率为72.4％.其中,食品加工储存及处理知识的知晓率为97.4％,明显高于卫生法规及消毒相关知识知晓率(66.8％,p<0.001),以及食品中毒知识知晓率(46.2％,p<0.001)....     

The Agrifood System in Italy

In this article the authors describe the most important changes of the Agrifood system in Italy during the last twenty years. The paper describes the structural transformation of Agriculture and the effort of food industry to adapt to the internationalization of food markets. Agriculture and food industry are conceived of as two components linked by functional relations of the Agrifood system. The structural changes of Agriculture are expressed by a consistent decrease in occupation and contribution to the GNP. However, structural changes vary greatly between regions and can be explained by a different deaee of specialization, concentration of resources, technologies and rural development. Because of structural inefficiencies (small scale, low concentration and integration) and poor commercial strategies, food industry has encountered some difficulties. However, progress has been made during the eighties to cope with these changes.     

Knowledge and willingness to pay for organic food in Spain: Evidence from experimental auctions

The aim of this paper is to analyse the main determinants of consumers' knowledge and their willingness to pay for organic food products. Moreover, the relationship between knowledge and buying behaviour is explored. Virgin olive oil is taken as an example. Data was generated by way of an experimental auction carried out in two cities in northeast Spain. A three-equation model is estimated: (1) Consumer knowledge; (2) the decision to pay a premium for organic olive oil; and (3) how much premium consumers are willing to pay. Results indicate that socio-economic variables are main determinants of consumer knowledge, and that consumer attitude, lifestyle and knowledge all influence the decision to pay a premium for organic olive oil.     

基于CiteSpace的我国水资源利用效率研究知识图谱分析

基于2000—2020年中国知网上CSSCI、EI数据库收录的有关水资源利用效率研究的文献,利用CiteSpace软件绘制国内水资源利用效率研究的知识图谱,分析了我国水资源利用效率研究的时间、作者、机构分布情况以及研究热点和研究趋势。研究结果显示:水资源利用效率的研究主体间呈现合作不够、较为分散的特点;研究关键词可聚类为水权交易与水权制度、水足迹、水资源短缺、农业水价、水资源承载力、产业结构等;水资源管理、水足迹、影响因素、工业用水、长江经济带、水资源利用效率、绿色水资源效率、长江流域及长江经济带的绿色发展将会是未来的研究热点。     

知识经济条件下国土资源可持续开发面临的抉择

本文阐明知识经济在为国土资源可持续开发带来新机遇的同时 ,亦使我国国土资源可持续开发面临着严峻的挑战。为此 ,我国必须不断完善国土资源可持续开发创新体系。     

居民膳食行为、营养知识及态度调研报告

为了解居民健康饮食意识和饮食结构的现状,分析居民浪费粮食、营养知识缺乏和不合理膳食行为原因,本文采用分层多级随机抽样方法,调查居民饮食现状,分析、发现当前存在的膳食问题,并提出采取积极措施加大平衡膳食知识的宣传力度、建立科学可信的查询平台、营造珍惜粮食和合理膳食健康饮食方式舆论环境等建议,以推进健康中国建设,提高居民健康水平。     

Economic development and Indigenous Australia: contestations over property,institutions and ideology*

Economic development for remote Indigenous communities cannot be understood unless the relative importance of customary activity, potentially enhanced by native title legal rights in resources, is recognised. The present article uses a three‐sector hybrid economy framework, rather than the usual two‐sector private (or market) and public (or state) model to more accurately depict the Indigenous economy. Examples are provided of the actual and potential significance of the customary sector of the hybrid economy. Focusing on the concepts of property and institutions, it is demonstrated that significant local, regional, and national benefits are generated by the Indigenous hybrid economy. A role is foreshadowed for resource economists and the New Institutional Economics in quantifying these benefits, including positive externalities, so that they might be more actively supported by the state.     

水利行业项目导向型企业知识管理绩效评价

分析水利行业项目导向型企业知识管理现状和知识管理工作的重要性,并建立基于模糊综合评价法的知识管理绩效评价体系,结合南京瑞迪科技集团实例进行实证检验,为水利行业项目导向型企业知识管理后续工作提出对策建议。     

水利企业知识创新网络的治理策略研究

基于知识创造和知识治理理论,在对水利企业知识创新网络和知识治理等相关概念进行界定的基础上,从网络知识环境、网络主体环境和网络结构环境三方面对知识创新网络中的潜在风险和治理问题进行分析,并针对性地提出以结构化治理、过程化治理和关联化治理3种治理机制为内核的知识治理策略,构建了水利企业知识创新网络的知识治理分析框架,以期为后续研究提供参考。     

Harmonization of food trade standards and regulations in ASEAN: the case of Malaysia's food imports

Regulatory heterogeneity continues to be identified as a challenge for food trade in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) as the progress of harmonization of food standards among member states remains slow. Using a new and comprehensive database on nontariff measures (NTMs), this article examines the coverage, frequency, and diversity of NTMs for the food sector in Malaysia, and then estimates their impact on food imports from ASEAN. The food sector in Malaysia is found to be highly regulated, dominated by technical measures, namely, labeling for sanitary and phytosanitary and technical barriers to trade reasons, product quality, and restricted substances. The empirical results subsequently verify that, overall, technical measures are import restrictive. This article therefore contends that harmonization of food standards and regulations at the regional level is important for enhancing trade. However, building common ground for food safety regulations should be NTM‐ and sector‐specific, to realize progress in terms of regulatory convergence. This is particularly true for the food sector, since complete harmonization is not practical and not politically feasible.     

面向林业企业的知识管理

根据林业企业组织素质偏低的现状 ,指出加强组织修炼、建立学习型企业是林业企业启动知识管理的引擎 ;并通过诠释知识创新与知识管理的辩证关系 ,提出知识创新是林业企业实施知识管理的原动力 ;最后以林业企业缺乏竞争力为基础 ,说明核心能力的培养是林业企业知识管理的主线     

试析信息时代的"知识管理"

本文分析了信息时代“知识管理”的基本概念,知识管理基本职能,知识管理的目标和内容,知识管理实施的环境条件以及实施知识管理的意义,对研究新时代的知识管理有重要的意义。     

基于投入产出模型的陕西省虚拟水分析

虚拟水理论和虚拟水贸易是水资源管理的一个重要途径,其中虚拟水贸易量的估算是难点。采用投入产出法对陕西省的直接耗水强度系数、完全耗水强度系数、耗水乘数、产业间的水转移系数及虚拟水贸易及消费量进行了估算。结果表明:陕西省农业是耗水强度最大,但绝大部分是在农业生产环节直接耗水;工业、建筑业及服务业直接耗水较小,绝大部分是间接耗水,尤以服务业较大。而虚拟水贸易评价结果表明陕西省是虚拟水的净输出省,但是面临严峻的水资源短缺问题。建议陕西省强化虚拟水管理,通过产业结构、消费结构和贸易结构的调整来减少本地水资源消耗,实现水资源和社会经济协调发展。     

论知识管理在中国地质图书馆的作用

知识是知识经济的第一生产要素 ,图书馆如何对知识进行有效的组织、管理、开发和利用是图书馆生存和发展的关键所在。本文探讨了知识管理在图书馆的作用和意义 ,并简要说明了中国地质图书馆应实施知识管理的战略意义     

Sustainable entrepreneurship: regional innovation cultures in the ecological food sector

How do regional innovation cultures in the eco-food sector develop? And how can they be supported and empowered within a national strategy for sustainable agriculture? Based on three case studies, this paper explores key characteristics and dynamics of ongoing regional innovation cultures within the ecological food sector in Norway. The common denominator of each case is a strong community of innovative practitioners that shape their activities around intentional interaction, dialogue and inquiry with a long term commitment. They sustain and develop common tasks by uniting individual commitment to shared questions. Thereby, the intensity and ecology of the shared questions build the carrying capacity and structure of the innovation culture. Each case is unique by being rooted in personal incentives and shared ownership to tasks. Structurally their uniqueness demonstrates three modes of activity and roots of identity, related to the three concepts of institutional entrepreneurship, market entrepreneurship and cultural entrepreneurship. Four implications are finally drawn for regional innovation strategies within the eco-food sector: (1) build strategies on the activity of pioneering local/regional cultures of practice; (2) analyse their entrepreneurial uniqueness and social ecology; (3) facilitate a broader entwining of institutional, market and cultural entrepreneurship; and (4) develop competency and cultures of inquiry linked to entwined entrepreneurship. A corresponding research strategy should acknowledge, build on and strengthen the culture of inquiry embedded in the regional communities of practice.     

国内外绿色食品研究的知识图谱分析

通过运用文献计量软件CiteSpace,以中国知网(China National Knowledge Infrastructure,CNKI)和Web of Science数据库中的绿色食品文献为研究对象,通过对研究机构、关键词共现和关键词突现的分析,总结1990—2020年国内外绿色食品研究的总体特征.结果表明:① ...