最终需求侧中国工业环境效率测算及影响因素分解

本文基于WIOD数据库的数据,引入投入产出法测算了中国工业行业最终需求侧环境效率以及中 国分行业对工业总体环境效率变动的贡献度,对分行业环境效率变动进行了增加值系数效应 、中间需求效应、排放强度效应3种影响因素的SDA分解。得出结论：中国环境效率较低,改 善环境质量刻不容缓;食品、饮料和烟草制造业等5个行业环境效率相对较低;对整体效率 贡献率大的行业,有电气机械及器材制造业,通信设备计算机及其他电子设备制造业,交通 运输设备制造业;1995～2009年环境效率变动中排放强度贡献率最大,增加值系数和中间需 求贡献较小甚至为负。最后从行业层面提出了改善环境效率的政策建议。     

中国产业碳排放增长的需求结构分析

文章运用投入产出分析法对中国产业二氧化碳排放增长的需求结构进行了探讨。研究发现:①最终需求各项CO2诱发效果显著的产业主要有8个部门;②部门单位最终需求的完全排放强度主要来自中间需求的影响;③最终需求各项的CO2排放诱发效果说明:当前我国的投资和出口需求是诱发CO2排放量的主要驱动因素;④解读各部门CO2排放对最终需求各项的依存度进一步说明当前我国CO2排放是投资出口依存型。     

火电厂边际利润分析及应用

在“市场煤计划电”环境下开展火电厂边际利润分析具有现实意义，火电厂边际利润分析涉及变动收入、变动成本、固定成本等主要项目，介绍了单位变动成本的主要测算方法和要点，用Excel回归分析工具演示了测算变动成本项目的耗用量与发电量之间的线性关系，以及边际利润分析在实际工作中的应用。     

价值驱动的企业生态效率分析

本文将生态效率分解为3个组成部分, 即销售利润率、总资本周转率和可持续杠杆率,以此来确定企业生态效率的价值驱动因素。选择京津冀地区重化工企业为研究对象, 基于价值驱动对企业主要污染物——SO2（排放） 效率进行定量分析和预测。研究发现： （1） 当企业的可持续杠杆率较低时,较高的经济效益并不能弥补其较低的生态效率; （2） 不同企业污染物的排放（生态） 效率与经济环境和可持续发展水平息息相关, 生态效率较高的企业具有资产回报率升高的潜力; （3） 万元总资产的污染物（So2） 排放量的年下降率在临界值ｔ ＝ｔδ ＝0.0476 以下时, 污染物（SO2） 排放量逐年递增, 反之则逐年递减; （4） 通过对2018～2050年企业的环境负荷预测, 发现当企业的单位总资产SO2 排放量不变时, 实际SO2 排放量与总资产同步增长。因此, 单位总资产SO2排放量, 即可持续杠杆率指标, 有必要保持一定的年下降率, 这一指标是重化工业可持续发展的重要价值驱动因素。     

出口贸易与产业绿色效率提升

绿色效率是衡量绿色发展程度的重要指标，可综合反映经济－资源－环境的协调发展程度， 中国作为制造业大国，制造业出口规模和出口质量与产业绿色发展息息相关。本文建立了产业绿色效率指标体系， 借助三阶段 DEA模型， 运用2SLS分析制造业出口规模和出口质量对我国30个省（区、市）产业绿色效率的影响程度。 研究表明，在剔除环境因素和随机因素后，效率值增加的省份个数要多于效率值降低的省份个数， 绿色效率均值从高到低依次是东部、 全国、 中部、 西部和东北。 出口规模和出口质量显著提高了地区的产业绿色效率， 影响程度和影响方向存在行业异质性。 产业结构升级和市场化程度提升是提高产业绿色效率的重要途径， 技术创新驱动产业绿色发展的动力不足， 末端治理的环境规制方式不利于绿色综合效率的提升。     

节能减排约束下中国制造业行业的效率和生产率的研究

本文运用SBM方向性距离函数和卢恩伯格生产率指标,对在资源和环境约束下我国26个制造业行业1999～2008年的效率和生产率及其构成进行了实证研究.结果表明:能源的过多使用以及SO2和COD的过度排放是环境无效率的主要来源;环境无效率水平最高的是原材料工业,环境效率水平最高的是机械设备制造业;环境全要素生产率的平均增长率低于市场全要素生产率的平均增长率,说明了环境管理的无效率;纯技术进步是中国制造业行业环境全要素生产率增长的主要推动力.     

基于Cobb-Douglas生产函数的城市工业用水资源边际效益研究

结合Cobb-Douglas生产函数,以辽宁某城市为研究实例,对城市工业用水边际效益进行测算,并对其影响因子进行定量分析。结果表明:该方法可以实现城市工业用水边际效益的有效测算,提高工业用水效率,优化工业用水效益;万元GDP用水量是工业用水资源边际效益影响的最大的两个要素,且呈现负向作用。研究成果对于城市工业用水效益优化方案的设计具有重要的参考价值。     

中国出口贸易中的CO_2排放问题研究

本文首先利用投入产出模型,测算了2002年和2007年我国出口贸易活动产生的CO2排放量;然后,实证分析了我国出口商品结构存在的问题及其原因,并揭示了出口贸易中的高碳产品转移问题。本文的研究结论表明:入世后,我国出口贸易产生的CO2排放量呈现迅速增长态势;我国高碳产品具有一定的竞争优势,使得高碳产品在我国出口中所占的比重较大。研究还表明,一些高碳产品正在向我国出口行业转移。     

2007’中国石油和化工行业年度报告

2007年,在我国经济增长势头强劲的带动下,石油和化工行业经济运行质量进一步得到改善,保持了快速发展的局面。主要呈现出以下特点：生产依然保持较高的增速,但增幅趋缓;在生产成本的推动下,过半数产品价格上涨;三大子行业效益分化愈发明显：出口退税政策效果显现,下半年出口增势明显放缓,但出口价格得到了有效的提升;行业投资较快增长。2008年,国内宏观环境依然会对石油和化工行业的需求构成有效支撑,行业仍将保持20％左右的发展速度。     

‘96工业经济发展环境和工作重点

’９６工业经济发展环境和工作重点丛心力国内工业经济环境１、１９９６年投资、消费和出口对工业经济影响分析根据１９９６年国民经济增长趋势分析，投资、出口对工业产品的需求趋缓，消费对工业产品的需求继续保持快速增长，初步测算三项因素可拉动工业总产值增长１７％...     

Divergent patterns of engagement in Internet standardization: Japan,Korea and China

This article analyzes the engagement of Japanese, Korean and Chinese participants in the development of Internet standards at IETF on the basis of four quantitative metrics: attendance, patenting, authorship and leadership. The results are strikingly divergent. Japanese involvement in Internet standardization began early and Japan was, for many years, second only to the U.S. in terms of IETF participation. Though Japanese participation has declined since the early 2000s, Japan remains a major contributor to IETF standardization. Korean involvement in IETF has always been significant, but below the levels of Japan and major European countries. Korean participation in IETF has also declined over the past decade, and has been dominated by one firm, Samsung. Though meaningful Chinese involvement in IETF did not begin until the mid-2000s, it has rapidly expanded in recent years. Today, China is a major player in numerous areas of Internet standardization in terms of three metrics (participation, patenting and leadership), and is rapidly gaining in terms of document authorship as well. Most of China׳s recent IETF involvement can be attributed to Huawei, though other Chinese firms have recently begun to increase their participation in the organization. Thus, contrary to some views that China׳s engagement with standardization is primarily one of indigenous innovation and “catching up”, China׳s experience with IETF demonstrates deliberate and effective engagement with a major Western standards-development organization on its own terms.     

增强Linux系统安全性的措施

L inux系统的安全取决于系统管理员如何来管理它。本文探讨了一系列可以增强安全性的技巧与策略 ,包括 :系统安装原则、BIOS安全、口令安全策略、设计帐户自动注销功能、文件系统和日志安全策略、使用 SSH及 TCP-WRAPPERS,隐藏系统信息、删除所有特殊帐户、关闭控制台程序、限制系统中的 SUID/ SGID程序等。本文最后向 L inux系统管理员提出了一些安全管理方面的建议     

快速成形技术的应用及热点分析

基于快速成形技术的原理,展示了快速成形技术在快速模具制造、金属零件直接成形、反求工程等领域的广泛应用,总结了快速成形制造技术研究的热点,即研发新材料和新设备、提高成形精度、建立RPM的反求工程系统、建立成形技术的统一标准和扩大成形技术的应用领域。     

Whose Image is it Anyway?: Some Considerations of the Curricular Importance of Subject Image in Secondary School Design and Technology Education

This paper explores the idea that a sense of school subject image is a necessary feature of curriculum management and a potent force for change. The discussion centres on the view that all school subjects have an image and that if those intimately involved with the subject do not control the image then someone else does! In such circumstances the image is the product of past encounters and old euphemisms and is unlikely to hold the changed realities.The UK developments in Design and Technology education (the term Design and Technology is used to denote the school subject defined under this heading by the UK National Curriculum, 1995) have created something of an image problem which has interesting international parallels. Some of these problems are due to clearly discernible internal tensions and an ambiguous relationship with other subject areas.Through greater attention to subject image internal controversies might be acknowledged and resolved, relationships with other subject areas can be more meaningfully understood and practitioners can be helped to make sense of curriculum change.     

CIS与现代企业管理美学

概括性介绍了 ＣＩＳ（Ｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔｅ Ｉｄｅｎｔｉｔｙ Ｓｙｓｔｅｍ）的三大基本组成，并阐述了它与现代企业管理密不可分的相互联系及所处的举足轻重的地位，指出导入ＣＩＳ是现代企业谋求发展的重要手段。     

HSE走进中国石油

企业管理水平的好坏直接影响着企业的经济效益,运用HSE管理能提高企业管理水平,HSE管理模式将健康,安全,环境三者视为一个有机的整体。HSE管理认为人的安全是第一位的,人是创造财富的原动力,是企业的最大财产,HSE管理体系强调的是“蝴蝶效应”。     

Material power and normative conflict in global and local agrifood governance: The lessons of ‘Golden Rice’ in India

This special section aims to investigate the interaction of global and local forces in shaping agrifood governance. It starts from the recognition that a multitude of actors and norms shape today’s agrifood system. The resulting opaqueness of the systems makes it extremely difficult to understand and explain processes and outcomes of agrifood governance. Given the sustainability challenges facing the agrifood system, improvements in our understanding of what the interaction of global and local actors and norms means on the ground are urgently needed, however. The section, therefore, analyses agrifood governance in India across a selected group of cases. It does so by employing a systematic framework emphasizing the material and ideational dimensions of power and their interaction. The section has chosen India as the setting in which to analyze this interaction due to the crucial role the food demand and supply of this rising power plays in today’s agrifood system. This article provides the special sections’ analytical framework, which uses the interplay of material and ideational dimensions of power as a focal lens. In addition, the article applies this framework to an empirical study of the political conflict around GMO foods in India, specifically the case of ‘Golden Rice’.     

Diffusion and usage of public e-services in Europe: An assessment of country level indicators and drivers

We analyze the state of the art of indicators on e-government, e-health, e-procurement and e-participation. We survey the main methodological properties of these indicators, and highlight their heuristic potential. Further, we address empirically the issue of the explanation of the availability scores, i.e. how the supply of the various e-services in each country is affected by political, institutional and socio-economic differences, and is followed by actual usage. The econometric analysis uncovers the importance of broadband penetration and higher education as drivers for most of the types of e-services and users (citizens and businesses). Moreover, a corruption-free and agile public sector proves to be an important pre-condition for more effective supply and usage. Despite data limitations and the complexity of the underlying diffusion phenomena, our study is the first truly longitudinal contribution aimed at disentangling the common drivers of such an important phenomenon – the e-services availability and usage across European countries. As such, this work appears useful to inform the policy debate and practice, in a phase characterized by a prospective reorientation of the public e-services provision and policy agenda.     

一种高精度的频率标准比对系统

频率标准源可以提供精确的标准频率,在测定频率标准源的各项性能指标时,要求测试系统必须具有很高的比对精度。所设计的频率标准比对系统采取多级倍频 混频方式使频率偏差逐级扩大后再测量,从而避免了直接进行高次倍频的困难,提高了测量精度,可以对高精度的频率标准的准确度、长短期频率稳定度进行快速测量,是一种高精度时畴参数测量系统。     

蒸汽热量计量应用的探析

研究了石油化工企业的燕汽计量情况,着重对蒸汽热量计量的合理性进行了分析,阐述了蒸汽热量计量的依据及计算方法,以及蒸气热量计量对节能降耗的重要意义.