股权集中度与上市公司价值关系的实证研究

本文综合考虑股权的所有者属性和集中程度,分析了国家为第一大股东和法人为第一大股东的上市公司的股权集中度与公司价值之间的关系,结果发现仅在法人为第一大股东的上市公司中,股权集中度与公司价值之间存在既符合理论假说又能解释现实情况的倒U型曲线关系,负债和公司成长性对公司价值的正影响也才可以显现出来.因此,在进行股权分置改革的同时提高公司法人股持股比例,降低股权集中度,并积极推进股票全流通,是提高我国上市公司价值的关键所在.     

外资并购我国上市公司中期绩效的实证分析

基于2001年至2004年外资并购我国上市公司的数据,设计中期绩效指标,实证分析外资并购我国上市公司对上市公司中期绩效的影响和外资并购行为对上市公司中期绩效的影响。结果表明外资并购对上市公司中期绩效没有影响;第一大股东持股比例对上市公司中期价值有显著的负作用;外资控股对公司中期价值有负的影响,对中期效益有显著负的影响;2003年后外资并购的上市公司,其中期价值不如2003年之前,其中期效益也显著不如2003年之前。     

Bridging the gap: How sustainable development can help companies create shareholder value and improve financial performance

This study examines the effect of integrating sustainability into corporate strategy on various aspects of shareholder value creation and financial performance in the British capital market. The employed method is based on the content analysis of corporate disclosures and a new technique for assessing the adoption of the corporate sustainability concept (embracing the environmental, social, and financial aspects of a company's policies at the same time). Using extensive data of FTSE 350 firms covering the years 2006–2012, 65 companies were selected as meeting corporate sustainability criteria. For the above period, we find that these firms were characterized by higher financial risk exposure, lower asset growth rates, lower BV/MV ratios, lower EVA ratios, and higher MVA ratios. Such relations were generally present among different size and industry groupings. The results support the thesis that firms that incorporate sustainability issues into their business operations are better able to leverage their resources toward stronger financial performance and shareholder value creation than other companies. The paper contributes to the literature by offering a more holistic approach to corporate sustainable performance measurement and shedding additional light on its relation to financial performance in the context of the recent global financial crisis and its direct aftermath.     

超额现金持有的上市公司特质研究——对我国制造业上市公司的实证分析

超额持有现金的上市公司具有什么特质呢?以我国制造业329家上市公司2004—2006年的数据为整体样本,通过界定超额现金持有上市公司,将整体样本分成超额现金持有和非超额现金持有两个子样本,从公司治理、财务方面设计变量对两个子样本进行比较分析。实证结果表明,与非超额现金持有公司相比,超额持有现金公司负债比率要低,长期业绩会变差,现金股利支付比率低,而股东保护度和管理费用率不存在显著差异。     

董事会特征与公司成长性关系的实证研究——基于创业板上市公司经验数据

以创业板上市公司2010-2013年为研究区间,以主营业务收入增长率为公司成长性指标,选择董事会规模、独立董事比例、董事长与总经理两职设置、董事学历水平、董事薪酬变量作为反映董事会特征的变量,建立多元线性回归模型,对创业板上市公司董事会特征与公司成长性惯性进行实证分析。研究表明:创业板上市公司董事会规模与公司成长性线性负相关,董事薪酬与公司成长性正相关,而独立董事比例、董事长与总经理两职合一、董事学历水平与成长性没有相关性。为进一步完善创业板上市公司董事会治理机制,提高董事会治理效率,我国应控制董事会规模,进一步完善薪酬体系和激励制度,持续完善独立董事制度,以期提高创业板上市公司的成长能力。     

Relationship marketing's role in managing the firm-investor dyad

This paper develops an interdisciplinary conceptual framework demonstrating the role of marketing in managing investor relationships. The framework illustrates how companies can turn investor relationships into market-based assets by analyzing and managing them from a relationship marketing and stakeholder perspective. Marketing can contribute to investor relationship management and increase shareholder value by lowering the cost of equity capital, increasing analyst coverage and stock liquidity, and reducing shareholder activism. An investigation among investor relations professionals working at publicly traded companies in the Euronext 100 stock index demonstrates the framework's empirical validity and provides managerial implications.     

Growth paths for overcoming the digitalization paradox

Despite the demonstrated opportunities for revenue enhancement through digitalization, companies often experience a digitalization paradox. This paradox suggests that although companies may invest in digitalization, they often fail to achieve the expected revenue enhancement. In reporting research on 52 companies, we make the following four contributions: First, we focus on industrial companies in the business-to-business context, which largely have been neglected in previous research on digitalization. Second, we introduce the digitalization paradox as an important phenomenon in the discussion of revenue enhancement through digitalization. Third, we describe three growth paths: (1) commercializing digital solutions, (2) utilizing product connectivity, and (3) establishing an IoT-platform-based application business. For each growth path, the article takes a dynamic perspective on business models, highlighting triggers and modifications in business-model components (including value proposition, value-creation activities, and profit equation). Fourth, while the described modifications require initial investments to let these growth paths develop, we highlight how growth traps can prevent investments in business-model modifications from leading to revenue enhancement and how they can ultimately lead to the digitalization paradox.     

Ultimate ownership,risk-taking and firm value: evidence from China

This article investigates the relationship among ultimate ownership, risk-taking and firm value using firm-level data from Chinese companies. The results indicate that dominant ultimate controlling shareholders exacerbate the agency problem. The larger the divergence between ultimate shareholder’s control rights and cash flow rights, the stronger motivation is to reduce corporate risk-taking (CRT) to safeguard private benefits. Furthermore, the presence of a dominant ultimate controlling shareholder is harmful to firm value, and the divergence between its control right and cash flow right has a significantly negative effect on firm value. Corporate risk-taking plays a significant mediating effect between ultimate controlling shareholder and firm value. Based on these results based on theory and practice, we propose a number of practical implications for managers.     

Unravelling the mystery of low Japanese profit rates

Japanese companies have, it is claimed, pursued growth and market share at the expense of profitability and dividends–precisely those policies which those concerned with the "creation of shareholder value" would deplore. This paper shows that while operating profitability has indeed been lower in Japan than in the West, returns to shareholders have been higher. While part of the difference is explained by differences in business conventions, a gap remains. An examination of valuation and price-earnings ratios suggests that the growth in the underlying value of the business has generally more than compensated for lower operating profits. Japanese experience suggests that excessive emphasis on "shareholder value" may not only damage the economy but may not be in the interest of shareholders themselves.     

The Governance of Corporate Sustainability: Empirical Insights into the Development,Leadership and Implementation of Responsible Business Strategy

This article explores how corporate governance processes and structures are being used in large Australian companies to develop, lead and implement corporate responsibility strategies. It presents an empirical analysis of the governance of sustainability in fifty large listed companies based on each company’s disclosures in annual and sustainability reports. We find that significant progress is being made by large listed Australian companies towards integrating sustainability into core business operations. There is evidence of leadership structures being put in place to ensure that board and senior management are involved in sustainability strategy development and are then incentivised to monitor and ensure implementation of that strategy through financial rewards. There is evidence of a willingness to engage and communicate clearly the results of these strategies to interested stakeholders. Overall, there appears to be a developing acceptance amongst large corporations that efforts towards improved corporate sustainability are not only expected but are of value to the business. We suggest that this is evidence of a managerial shift away from an orthodox shareholder primacy understanding of the corporation towards a more enlightened shareholder value approach, often encompassing a stakeholder-orientated view of business strategy. However, strong underlying tensions remain due to the insistent market emphasis on shareholder value.     

The effects of firm size and firm performance on CEO pay in Canada: A Re-Examination and Extension

Using insights from academic and practitioners' perspectives and recent data, this paper extends the literature by using pay variables that are typically used by practitioners, including those not studied in previous academic research. Consistent with previous findings, firm size, measured by three-year average revenues, has strong effects on CEO pay. However, the relationship is not the same for firms of different sizes. Revenue elasticity is strong among small companies and disappears for medium and large companies. Firm performance, measured by accounting-based measures (return on assets and return on equity), and market-based measures (total shareholder return and shareholder value), have little effects on CEO cash compensation, but strong positive effects on equity compensation. Implications for research and practice are discussed.     

从公司治理谈我国上市公司对外担保

在我国大股东或“内部人”控制上市公司的制度背景下,上市公司代理问题严重,公司治理结构存在缺陷,不能起到监督大股东及管理者、保护中小股东利益的目的,对外担保容易成为大股东或“内部人”侵占上市公司利益的手段,导致公司财务状况恶化。     

Shareholders versus stakeholders: corporate mission statements and investor returns

This paper seeks to discover whether companies that adopt a stakeholder approach, and thereby demonstrate a wider remit of corporate responsibility, provide inferior returns to those that embrace the shareholder value approach. To classify approaches, mission statements were analysed, the final sample comprising 32 shareholder oriented companies and 48 stakeholder oriented companies. To assess performance both accounting–based and market–based measures were used. A number of moderating variables were taken into account: systematic (beta) risk, gearing (long–term debt to total long–term finance), tax ratios, and firm size. ANOVA and Kruskall–Wallis tests revealed that mission orientation did not affect performance, whether in terms of stock returns or excess returns. Neither were accounting returns on equity different overall, although shareholder oriented companies experienced wider variations in this measure. A number of multiple regressions were also performed. However, the mission dummy was not found to be a significant variable.     

Driving Shareholder Value: The Role of Marketing in Reducing Vulnerability and Volatility of Cash Flows

Marketing professionals have historically found it difficultto measure and communicate to other disciplines and to top managementthe value created by marketing activities. All too often, justificationof marketing and communication initiatives is restricted to theirimpact on revenue generation. But, marketers do create valuein other ways. Marketing actions do lead to an acceleration ofthe market's acceptance of new products, to enhanced customerretention/loyalty, to an improvement in the size and qualityof customer bases, to price premiums and other desirable payoffs.Such financial outcomes suggest that marketing activities areoften strategic investments, not tactical, intangible expenses.We suggest that the effectiveness of marketinginitiatives should be evaluated on the basis of their impacton the basic drivers of shareholder value–cash flow acceleration,cash flow enhancement, reduction in volatility and vulnerabilityof cash flows, and growth in the long-term value of business).These shareholder value metrics provide a framework for communicationof the contribution of marketing strategies to value creation.In particular, this paper focuses on the role of marketing inenhancing shareholder value by reducing the vulnerability andvolatility (hence risks) associated with cash flows. This riskreduction (and shareholder value creation) role of marketingactivities is examined within cross-functional processes forcreating customer value such as design of new products and services,supply chain management and management of relationships withcustomers, channels and strategic partners.     

上市公司成长性与财务指标的相关性研究

成长性是检验企业生存和发展潜力的最基本、最客观的标准,及衡量公司经营状况和发展前景的一项非常重要的指标。本文用总资产增长率、主营业务收入增长率和净资产收益率增长率三者的加权平均数代表公司的成长性,并选取了38家上市公司2007-2009年3个会计年度的财务数据,通过建立多元回归方程进行回归分析,检验财务指标(总资产周转率增长率、资产负债率以及销售净利率增长率)与企业成长性的相关性,结果证明财务指标与公司成长性有极强的相关性。     

The new value imperative for privately held companies: The why, what, and how of value management strategy

This discussion describes the why, what, and how of managing for value in privately held companies. Public companies continue to manage for value, a trend that is now pushing its way inexorably into privately held companies. First, we discuss the dynamics that are creating a value-management imperative for these companies. Second, we provide a signaling model to assist management of privately held companies in deciding whether to emphasize (a) revenue growth, (b) the spread between return on invested capital and the weighted average cost of capital, (c) reduction in the cost of capital, or (d) some combination of these three. The key-value-driver model provides guidance in addressing questions such as: Do we have the right to grow? Should we improve profit performance before we grow? What is our performance in relation to our cost of capital? We also describe how to acquire the data necessary to use the model. Third, we present some important but under-utilized tools based upon transactions cost and strategic cost management theories to assist executives in managing for value and discuss when to apply these tools within a strategic context.     

SHAREHOLDER RISK MEASURES

The aim of this paper is to put forward a new family of risk measures that could guide investment decisions of private companies. But at the difference of the classical approach of Artzner, Delbaen, Eber, and Heath and the subsequent extensions of this model, our risk measures are built to reflect the risk perception of shareholders rather than regulators. Instead of an axiomatic approach, we derive risk measures from the optimal policies of a shareholder value‐maximizing company. We study these optimal policies and the related risk measures that we call shareholder risk measures. We emphasize the fact that due to the specific corporate environment, in particular the limited shareholders' liability and the possibility to pay out dividends from cash reserves, these risk measures are not convex. Also, they depend on the specific economic situation of the firm, in particular its current cash level, and thus they are not translation invariant. This paper bridges the gap between two important branches of mathematical finance: risk measures and optimal dividends.     

Corporate governance,ownership and firm value: Drivers of ownership as a good corporate governance mechanism

This study analyses the role of ownership as a good corporate governance mechanism. We study cross-national differences between companies with different level of investor protection. In addition, we account for the type of owner (young family vs. non-young family businesses) and the owner’s relationship with a second significant shareholder (monitoring vs. collusion). When the main owner has effective control over the firm (i.e., absolute control or less than absolute control but without the control of a second significant shareholder), the relation between ownership concentration and firm value is U-shaped. Our findings also suggest that the conflicts between majority and minority shareholders are weaker for companies with higher investor protection and young family-owned businesses.     

外商投资企业在华收益、经验及启示

改革开放四十多年来,我国成为了全球第二大外资流入国。外资在为我国经济社会发展做出重要贡献的同时,也获得了应得的收益,实现了营收和利润双增长。具体表现为:中国市场是外资企业营收增长的重要来源,各国企业在华营收保持持续增长,中国市场营收占据跨国公司全球重要位置;外商投资在中国获得较高收益率,诸多美欧企业在华投资收益率高于其全球平均水平。与此同时,外资企业在华经营还实现了其战略目标。实践证明,成本寻求型外资在中国获得了低要素成本,市场寻求型外资与中国市场共同成长,创新资产寻求型外资取得在华创新投入产出双增长。     

我国信息技术投资对企业盈利性的影响

本文通过分析影响利润的主营业务收入与费用支出,研究了我国上市公司IT投资对企业净利润的影响及其滞后效果,发现IT投资对主营业务收入的增长有显著且持续的作用,但IT投资也带来了企业费用的增加;IT对净利润的贡献逐年递增,在投资后第三年呈现显著效果;与此同时,IT投资对这几项经营指标的影响远远大于非IT投资。另外,在行业差异的分析中发现非制造业企业的IT投资绩效明显好于制造业企业,可带来持续显著的主营业务收入与净利润的增长。