关于政府公共支出绩效考评制度的研究

政府公共支出绩效考评制度是西方发达国家政府公共管理的一项重要制度。近20年来,西方国家通过实行政府公共支出绩效考评制度,在促进政府提高管理效率,充分发挥公共资源效能,增进社会对政府公共支出的监督和了解,改进政府形象等方面,都发挥了重要作用。随着我国公共财政体制的建立,以及我国加入WTO后与国际社会的交往日益增多,如何把政府公共支出绩效考评制度引入我国政府的公共管理,是摆在我们面前的重要课题。     

以公共治理的理念推进政府公共支出管理

健全的政府公共支出管理是创造和提升国家竞争优势、实现经济和社会可持续发展的重要条件。以西方发达国家(主要是OECD国家)政府公共治理的理念和原则为参照系，立足中国的具体国情和政府公共支出管理的基础和能力，试图通过良好的制度安排和机制设计，对中国政府公共支出管理模式和运行机制进行改革、改造和整合，以期促进公共财政受托责任，优化公共财政资源配置，实现公共支出管理目标。     

我国政府公共支出绩效评估

建立社会主义公共财政，推进行政管理体制改革，需要规范公共支出，而对政府公共支出进行绩效评估是提高财政资金使用有效性、降低行政成本、增强管理的责任性和透明性的重要方式。本文试图对公共支出绩效评估的内涵进行阐述．构建出评估政府公共支出绩效的一般性指标，并对政府公共支出绩效评估的实施提出一般性框架思路.     

澳大利亚的公共支出绩效考评制度

一、澳大利亚的公共支出绩效考评制度介绍 (一)制度形成的背景及其基本框架 第二次世界大战后，澳大利亚联邦政府和各个州政府在社会经济生活中的作用日益显著，政府所承担的经济责任范围大大扩展，公共支出占国内生产总值的比重垂直上升，导致政府开支迅猛增长，联邦和一些州政府日益受到高额赤字和债务的严重困扰。为摆脱这种状况，提高公共财政预算的效率和财政资金使用的透明度，澳大利亚联邦政府从1997～1998财年开始酝酿推行以公共支出绩效考评为核心的公共支出预算改革，1999～2000财年正式实施公共支出绩效考评制度。     

基于公共受托责任的政府绩效审计内部控制问题研究

文章以公共受托责任与控制、内部控制间的关系为基础，深入分析我国政府内部控制实践中存在的问题，从而论证其与政府绩效审计的关系。     

公共受托经济责任与政府绩效审计

政府及管理当局与社会公众之间存在着公共受托经济责任关系，政府依法行驶管理行政事务权力，无偿向社会公众征税，也同时接受社会公众的监督。这种公共受托经济责任关系是政府绩效审计产生的动因。本文首先介绍了受托经济责任理论，接着阐述了受托经济责任的发展对绩效审计的推动，最后对我国的政府绩效审计未来发展提出建议。     

公共受托经济责任与政府绩效审计

政府及管理当局与社会公众之间存在着公共受托经济责任关系,政府依法行驶管理行政事务权力,无偿向社会公众征税,也同时接受社会公众的监督.这种公共受托经济责任关系是政府绩效审计产生的动因.本文首先介绍了受托经济责任理论,接着阐述了受托经济责任的发展对绩效审计的推动,最后对我国的政府绩效审计未来发展提出建议.     

预算法制化是公共支出管理的根本途径

政府预算是经过国家权力机关审批生效的政府的基本收支计划，它体现国家权力机构和全体公民对政府活动的制约和监督。实现公共支出管理必须强化预算约束，实施预算法制化管理，按照市场经济的要求，对财政行为进行约束，规范政府的活动范围和规模，实现社会资源的配置效率。     

公共支出绩效管理中的成本效益分析

公共支出绩效管理是公共支出管理中非常重要的一项内容,而成本效益分析方法在公共支出的绩效中是一种广为使用的方法,研究公共支出投入与产出的评估,社会贴现率的计算,公共支出中的风险和不确定性以及公共支出中的再分配因素对成本效益分析方法的运用都有着现实的意义。     

公共支出的绩效管理

公共支出是各级政府履行其必要职能的成本，公共支出的绩效管理是对公共支出的投入、投行、产出及结构业绩与效果的管理，由于公共支出第一环节不同的特点及影响要素不一，对它们的评估方法及指标设计也应各有差异。     

A note on nominal government expenditure targets

In IS-LM models, government expenditure is usually fixed in real terms. In this short note, we examine some of the implications of nominal government expenditure targets for both model stability and comparative statics. When a fixed money supply policy is in operation, nominal government expenditure targets may stabilize an otherwise unstable system. If this is the case, an increase in the nominal stock of money will reduce the price level in the long run.     

浅谈地方政府绩效管理问题

伴随着我国改革开放的不断深化和政府行政改革的不断推进,绩效管理逐渐被引入到我国的政府管理中.同时,我国各级政府为了提高行政效能积极推行和应用绩效管理,取得了丰硕的成果.但是,政府绩效管理制度理念不科学、制度设计不健全、绩效管理制度运行存在障碍等,已成为政府实施绩效管理过程中产生大量问题的重要原因之一.     

The size and composition of government expenditure

This paper tests several leading hypotheses on determinants of government expenditure. The purpose is to avoid omitted variables bias by testing the prominent theories in a comprehensive specification, to identify persistent puzzles for the current set of theories, and to explore those puzzles in greater depth by looking at the composition of government expenditure and the level of government at which it takes place as well as its magnitude. Using Government Financial Statistics data from the IMF covering over 100 countries from 1970–2000, I look at cross-sectional and inter-temporal variation in government expenditure and both individual categories of expenditure (such as defense, education, health care) and different levels of government (central, and local). Among other results, I find a new explanation for Wagner's Law, widespread evidence that preference heterogeneity leads to decentralization rather than outright decreases in expenditures, that a great deal of the expenditure associated with increased trade openness is not in categories that explicitly insure for risk, and evidence that both political access and income inequality affect the extent of social insurance.     

The effect of government expenditure on the environment:An empirical investigation

This paper examines the impact of government spending on the environment using a panel of 77 countries for the time period 1980–2000. We estimate both the direct and indirect effects of government spending on pollution. The indirect effect in particular operates through the impact of government spending on income and the subsequent effect of the income level on pollution. To take into account the dynamic nature and the potential endogeneity in the relationships examined, appropriate econometric methods are used. For SO₂, government spending is estimated to have a negative direct impact on per capita emissions, while the direct effect is insignificant on CO₂ pollution. The indirect effect on SO₂ is negative for low income levels and becomes positive as income increases, while it remains negative for CO₂ for the most part of the sample range. The resultant total effects follow the patterns of the indirect effects, which dominate their respective direct ones for each pollutant. Policy implications from the results vary depending on the income level of the considered countries.     

Crowding-out and crowding-in effects of the components of government expenditure

This article examines the effects of disaggregated government expenditure on investment using fixed- and random-effect methods. Using the government budget constraint, the analysis explores the effects of tax- and debt-financed expenditure for the full sample, and for subsamples of developed and developing countries. In general, tax-financed government expenditure crowds out more investment than debt-financed expenditure. Expenditure on social security and welfare reduces investment in all samples while expenditure on transport and communication induces private investment in developing countries.     

An analysis of government expenditure and trade liberalization

The effect of trade liberalization on government's role in the economy is investigated. It is shown that, contrary to received expectations, as small open economies liberalize their trade, the size of government decreases.     

政府支出与贸易自由化分析

原载:Applied Economics,Vol.37,No.16,Sept.,2005人们研究了贸易自由化对政府在经济中作用的影响。研究显示,与被普遍接受的预测相反,当小型开放经济实行贸易自由化时,其政府的管理范围缩小了。一、引言贸易自由化问题(以及关于这个问题的争论)可以追溯到亚当·斯密。根据Edwa     

Effects of government expenditure on private investment: Canadian empirical evidence

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between government expenditures and private investment in Canada during the period 1961 to 2000. To this end, effects of five categories of government expenditures on investment are examined within the cointegration and error-correction framework. The empirical results show that government expenditure on education and health has positive effects whereas government expenditures on capital and infrastructure have negative effects on private investment. The other expenditure categories, including government expenditure on protection of persons and property, expenditure on debt charges, and expenditure on government and social services have no significant effects on private investment.I wish to thank Baldev Raj for his valuable comments on this study which have led to an important improvement in the paper. I would also like to thank my colleagues Tomson Ogwang, Paul Bowles, Jalil Safaei, and an anonymous referee for their comments. However, the usual disclaimer applies.First version Received: May 2002/Final version received:20 May 2004     

Growth effects of government expenditure and taxation in rich countries: A comment

Fölster and Henrekson (European Economic Review 45 (2001), 1501-1520) argue that “...the more the econometric problems that are addressed, the more robust the relationship between government size and economic growth appears”. But in failing to control for simultaneity and in ignoring issues of sample-selection bias, the regressions reported by Fölster/Henrekson are flawed. Using theoretically valid instruments, we find that the estimated partial correlation between size of the public sector and economic growth is statistically insignificant and highly unstable across specifications. Moreover, since instruments are weak, all hypothesis tests are unreliable. We conclude that cross-country growth regressions are unlikely to come up with a reliable answer to the question of the growth effects of government spending and taxation.