农产品质量安全中心2004年工作重点:宣传培训促认证

记者从农业部农产品质量安全中心获悉:2004年该中心将以规范和推进无公害农产品产地认证和产品认证工作为目的,通过抓好宣传培训,初步建立一定数量的掌握无公害农产品产地认定和无公害农产品认证程序、掌握无公害农产品标准的、具备认证、检查、管理资质的骨干队伍,全面提高无公害农产品全国统一标志的认知度和影响力,确保无公害农产品认证工作的全面快速     

县级无公害农产品认证工作中存在的问题及对策研究

2003年4月农业部开始推行无公害农产品的认证,无公害农产品认证成为了目前农产品认证的主要方式,也构成了"无公害食品行动计划"的重要组成部分,本文通过分析兴平市无公害农产品认证工作现状,针对存在的问题提出相应的对策建议。     

动态

首批统一无公害标志 2 0 0余种农产品通过认证农业部和国家认监委 6月份联合公布了首批获得无公害农产品认证证书的产品目录。浙江天台县蔬菜经济作物服务公司等15 5家单位的 2 14个产品通过了农业部农产品质量安全中心首批无公害农产品认证 ,其中种植业产品 115个 ,畜牧业产品 15个 ,渔业产品 84个。这标志着全国统一、规范的无公害农产品认证工作全面启动。无公害农产品是指产地环境、生产过程、产品质量符合国家有关标准和规范的要求 ,经认证合格获得认证证书并允许使用无公害农产品标志的未经加工或初加工的食用农产品。资料来源 :中国…     

政策发布

广场信息农业部最近发出《关于做好无公害农产品认证工作的通知》。《通知》指出:开展无公害农产品认证,是指导农产品生产、引导农产品消费、推进“无公害食品行动计划”的重要措施,各级农业行政主管部门要按照《农业部关于全面推进“无公害食品行动计划”的实施意见》和国家有关认证认可要求,将无公害农产品认证工作纳入重要议事日程,成立相应的技术专家委员会,明确管理机构,充实管理人员,积极做好本地区、本行业无公害农产品认证的组织协调工作。无公害农产品认证分为产地认定和产品认证。产地认定工作由省级农业行政主管部门根据《无公害…     

无公害农产品认证现状及发展的理性思考

该文介绍了无公害农产品认证开展以来取得的成效,分析了无公害农产品认证在发展过程中4个制约因素,在建立中国农产品体系标准、完善认证规范、加强农业科研体系建设、适时对无公害农产品实行强制认证等方面提出了理性思考。     

农户经营要了解无公害农业

一、什么是无公害农产品、无公害农业、无公害化农业？农产品污染的主要途径及危害是什么？ 无公害农产品是指产地环境、生产过程和产品质量符合国家有关标准和规范的要求,经认证合格获得无公害农产品认证证书并允许使用无公害农产品标志的未经加工或者初加工的食用农产品。     

如何进行无公害农产品认证

根据《无公害农产品管理办法》（农业部、国家质检总局第12号令），无公害农产品认证分为产地认定和产品认证，产地认定由省级农业行政主管部门组织实施，产品认证由农业部农产品质量安全中心组织实施，认证工作接受国家认监委的业务指导和监督。目前无公害农产品认证工作已经形成了以农业部农产品质量安全中心为核心，     

信息

无公害农产品认证由谁负责根据《无公害农产品管理办法》(农业部、国家质检总局第12号令),无公害农产品认证分为产地认定和产品认证,产地认定由省级农业行政主管部门组织实施,产品     

无公害农产品有了统一标志

国家颁布《无公害农产品标志管理办法》。据此,凡获得无公害农产品认证证书的单位和个人,可以在证书规定的产品或者包装上,加印全国统一无公害农产品标志。自行印制在包装、标签、广告、说明书上的无公害农产品标志图案,不作为无公害农产品标志使用。《办法》还规定,无公害农产品标志的印制工作应当由经农业部和国家认证认可监督管理委员会考核合格的印制单位承担,其他任何单位和个人不得擅自印制。使用无公害农产品标志的单位和个人,应当在无公害农产品认证证书规定的产品范围和有     

无公害农产品有何特点

无公害农产品认证是我国农产品认证主要形式之一,目前虽然是自愿性认证,但与其他的自愿性产品认证相比有本质的区别。(一)政府推行的公益性认证。无公害农产品是政府推出的一种安全公共品牌,目的是保障基本安全,满足大众消费。无公害农产品执行的标准是强制性无公     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

Does sustainable agricultural growth require a system of innovation? Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso

This paper tests the ‘systems of innovation’ hypothesis for a selection of crops in Ghana and Burkina Faso that have shown significant growth in production over an approximately 20-year period. The question is whether such growth can only occur if supported by a system of innovation. Using two indicators (a common understanding on objectives and priorities, and a high level of interactivity), we find little evidence for the existence of anything that might be considered a high functioning system of innovation.     

Local impacts of industrial tree plantations: An empirical analysis in Indonesia across plantation types

The values ascribed to industrial tree plantations are often controversial. Hence knowledge of their perceived impacts is important for improving their integration in rural landscapes. In 2016 we conducted household surveys with 606 respondents living in villages adjacent to acacia, teak and pine plantations across three islands in Indonesia (Java, Borneo, Sumatra). Results show that perceptions toward pine and teak plantations tend to differ from those toward acacia pulpwood plantations in several ways. Pine and teak plantations are perceived to have a higher number and variety of benefits and services, a higher number of positive impacts, a better environmental record, and to present more opportunities to local people for use of plantation land and products for improving rural livelihoods. In addition, we find that villagers around acacia pulpwood plantations tend to seek economic development and infrastructure to open up remote areas, yet their expectations were often only partially met. Recommendations from our analysis include: the role of the State in plantations must be clarified and potentially reinforced; the role of institutions as intermediaries is fundamental; and contributions by communities to design of management plans should be accommodated.     

Upstream demand for water use by new tree plantations imposes externalities on downstream irrigated agriculture and wetlands*

Large‐scale tree plantations in high rainfall upstream areas can reduce fresh water inflows to river systems, thereby imposing external costs on downstream irrigation, stock and domestic water users and wetland interests. We take the novel approach of expressing all benefits and costs of establishing plantations in terms of $ per gigalitre (GL) of water removed annually from river flows, setting upstream demands on the same basis as downstream demands. For the Macquarie Valley, a New South Wales sub‐catchment of Australia’s Murray‐Darling Basin, we project changes in land and water use and changes in economic surpluses under two policy settings: without and with a policy requiring permanent water entitlements to be purchased from downstream parties, before plantation establishment. Without the policy, and given a high stumpage value for trees ($70/m³), upstream gains in economic surplus projected from expanding plantations are $639 million; balanced against $233 million in economic losses by downstream irrigators and stock and domestic water users for a net gain of $406 million, but 345 GL lower mean annual environmental flows. With the policy, smaller gains in upstream economic surplus from trees ($192 million), added to net downstream gains ($138 million) from sale of water, result in gains of $330 million with no reduction in environmental flows. Sustaining the 345 GL flow for a $76 million (406–330) reduction in gains to economic surplus may be seen to cost only $0.22 million/GL; but this is much lower than the market value of the first units of that water to agriculture and forestry.     

Underpayment of Small Producers of Coffee and Cocoa in Sierra Leone

Fieldwork shows that many Sierra Leonean producers do not receive the official producer price for their coffee and cocoa, due to the concentration of buying stations, credit relations, the small quantities offered for sale, and the lack of marketing knowledge of the numerous and unorganized farmers. To the traders underpayment may seem economically justifiable to a certain extent, but to the farmers it means poverty and debt. A new village marketing centre project aims at remedying this situation and has already led to higher prices. Although no longer allowed to take their "just" share from the producers, traders are still willing to deal with the new centres.     

Malaria incidence and agricultural efficiency in Uganda

The cost of accessing healthcare can be a major determinant of disease prevalence, which in turn has short‐ and long‐term welfare implications on poor households. In response, governments in developing countries often resort to subsidizing the cost of drugs, which, while perhaps easier to administer, may not always be the most effective way of addressing healthcare cost. In this regard, we analyze the impact of different types of household level health expenses on disease incidence and agricultural production efficiency. We use data from the 2006 Uganda National Household Survey, which covered approximately 7,400 households. The results suggest that a 10% increase in consultation, medicine, and hospitalization expenses would reduce malaria incidence respectively by 35.6%, 20.5%, and 21.3 %, which translates into a 1.1%, 0.6%, and 0.6 % decrease in agricultural inefficiency, respectively. The results indicate that helping poor households meet expenses for consultation through subsidies or eliminating consultation fees has a larger impact on malaria incidence and agricultural productivity among poor rural households than subsidizing the cost of medical drugs, the most common avenue chosen by developing country governments in the fight against the disease.