Justice served: Mitigating damaged trust stemming from supply chain disruptions

This research examines the mitigation of damaged trust stemming from supplier-induced disruptions. We used the critical incident technique on 302 buying firms in China to capture two (one successful, one unsuccessful) supplier-induced disruptions (yielding a total of 604 incidents) to test our theorizing grounded in justice theory. We find evidence that different aspects of trust damage (ability, benevolence, and integrity) can be mitigated through the supplier's selective use of appropriate justice approaches (procedural, interactional, or distributive justice), which, in turn, foster relationship continuity intentions. Within this realm, we make a number of contributions. First, we find that procedural justice is the most effective mechanism (followed by distributive justice and interactional justice) to recoup the damage to buyers’ trust in the suppliers’ ability, benevolence, and integrity. Second, we find that mitigating damaged ability is the most powerful precursor (followed by recuperating damaged integrity) for locking in future business. Conversely, the mitigation of damaged benevolence is not found to affect future business intentions. Third, our post hoc results suggest that disruptions and consequent mitigation efforts pose relational threats as well as opportunities—yet the “double-edged” nature is affected by the “base” level of trust (i.e., the trust level prior to the disruption). Broadly, our study suggests that suppliers can overcome the negative relational repercussions of disruptions (that they caused) by employing well-developed, but nuanced, mitigation efforts and, in doing so, repair, solidify or even enhance the relationships.     

如何降低配送成本

随着近年来企业竞争的日益加剧和企业赢利能力的不断降低,许多企业已经意识到提升经营水平的重要性,物流管理作为企业经营管理的重要组成部分,如何加强、优化企业配送管理,最大限度地降低企业物流配送成本,创造企业"第三利润源泉",成为企业维系生存和发展的关键。     

湘江流域枯水期饮用水水质状况分析与对策

文章分析了湖南省湘江流域枯水期饮用水水质状况以及存在的问题,从保护生态环境、控制水资源污染、节约用水、调整水价4个方面对保护饮用水进行了对策探讨。     

Modeling the structure of gas distribution costs in urban areas

Urban-wide gas distribution cost models are developed and estimated, using capital costs, gas market, and population density data over cross-sections of communities served by two different utilities, with a particular emphasis on the multiproduct, multidimensional character of gas distribution: These models are used to clarify such policy issues as the allocation of joint costs through marginal cost pricing, the existence of ecpnomies of scale and density, and the appropriateness of natural monopoly status for gas distribution utilities.     

桶装矿泉水的配送及营销策略

水是生命之源,水质与人体健康有着十分密切的关系。文中从桶装水的配送现状、销售中存在的问题和销售策略来研究桶装水对人类健康生活的重要性和未来的发展前景。     

A further note on the structure of gas distribution costs in urban areas

This note re-examines the issue of functional form selection in estimating the relationship between gas distribution costs and market and density variables. The study by [Guldmann, 1983], where only linear and log-linear forms were considered, is expanded by using a general functional form based on the Box-Cox transformation. The maximum-likelihood estimated forms turn out to be different from the log-linear ones previously selected, and their implications for economies of scale and density are discussed.     

Strategic giving and the nursing shortage

• Health care organizations in the United States face a significant nursing shortage, which seriously impacts the quality and availability of health care. Confronting this challenge requires involvement from organizations beyond the public sector. This paper explores an initiative by Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Florida, exemplifying the concept of ‘strategic philanthropy,’ to contribute their financial resources and strong institutional ties to respond to the current and future shortage of nurses in Florida. Through this intervention, the company and partnering organizations hope to benefit the health care sector, the public, and themselves from the outcomes associated with the generation of a greater supply of nurses.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Mitigating factors in substance abuse discharge grievance arbitrations

One response to the problem of substance abuse is simply dismissing those employees who misuse or abuse drugs or alcohol. If the dismissal is challenged before an arbitrator, what particular grievant factors affect the outcome? Analyzing a recent data set, this research note suggests that arbitrators are influenced by grievant-specific factors, but most significantly by the nature of the substance in question. It is argued that this result may be discriminatory in that misuse of drugs or alcohol pose more or less similar health and safety risks to the employer, the public, and other employees. This result may reflect general societal values, mirrored by arbitrators, of which grievants, their representatives, and their employers ought to be aware.     

The global economic costs of the need to treat polluted water

We estimate the global costs and other implications of the need to treat wastewater before it can be re-used. We extend the World Trade Model by creating water treatment sectors and provide alternative sources of water for satisfying users’ quantity and quality requirements. The database distinguishes qualities and quantities of water endowments, sectoral water requirements, and wastewater discharges. We estimate that global water treatment costs could be reduced by several trillion dollars if water endowments were maintained at higher quality than currently is the case. Under scenarios where water quality degrades further, the treatment costs more than double even without taking account of likely increases in quality requirements. This modeling framework provides a starting point not only for more detailed empirical investigations of water management strategies, but also for examining prospects and associated costs for recovering other resources, such as metals, which can be reused multiple times.     

浅谈水资源管理中的资源配置

文章分析了水资源的自然、经济、生态等基本特征,提出水资源科学配置的必要性和紧迫性,重点探讨了充分发挥政府配置和市场配置双重作用,实现以两级政府为主、市场调节为辅的水资源配置机制。     

住房--普遍短缺及解决之道

伴随着18世纪工业革命及城市化而产生的住房问题,一直是世界各国普遍关注的焦点问题,它与全球性的城市化历程密切相关。正如恩格斯在其《论住宅问题》中指出的,所谓住房问题实际上是大工业发展和城市发展所造成的“住宅缺乏现象”。迄今为止,世界上几乎没有一个国家在工业化和城市化过程中,没有经历过住房短缺的严峻形势。尤其是进入20世纪后,由于经济迅速发展,城市化加速,加之20世纪上半期的两次世界大战使城市和住房遭到严重破坏,特别是二战后在世界人民争取和平取得成效的同时,住房问题日益成为国际关注问题。而当前住房供应紧缺与居民要…     

公路水毁成因及其防治措施

公路水毁主要有路基坍塌、路基沉陷、防护与加固工程损坏、桥涵破坏等4种类型详细阐述了各类水毁发生的原因以及探讨对各类水毁的防治措施。     

企业流动性短缺的原因

文章主要研究和分析了现代企业造成企业流动性短缺的原因,包括企业内部原因、企业外部原因和或有事项.     

Influence costs and hierarchy

In an internal capital market, individual departments may compete for a share of the firm’s budget by engaging in wasteful influence activities. We show that firms with more levels of hierarchy may experience lower influence costs than less hierarchical firms, even though the former provide more opportunities for exerting influence. The unique influence-cost minimizing hierarchy is strongly asymmetric. With a linear production technology this is also the optimal hierarchy. If individual departments have different productivities, however, and the production technology exhibits decreasing returns to scale, a symmetric hierarchy that does not minimize influence costs may be optimal.Received: July 2004, Accepted: October 2004, JEL Classification: D74, G31, G34We thank Martin Hellwig, seminar participants at the University of Mannheim, and an anonymous referee for helpful comments, and Kai Konrad for handling the editorial tasks on this paper. Financial support from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Sonderforschungsbereich 504 (Inderst and Müller) and the Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Foundation (Wärneryd) is gratefully acknowledged.     

Statutory firing costs and lay-offs in Canada

Firing costs may deter firms from engaging in both lay-offs and temporary hiring. While the net response of average employment to firing costs is ambiguous, lay-offs will be reduced through both channels and their frequency therefore will unambiguously decline. This paper estimates the effect of Canadian advance notice and severance laws on individual permanent lay-off hazards. Individual notice laws are found to reduce the lay-off hazard, particularly among non-professional, non-union workers, but the effect is small. Neither group notice nor severance laws are statistically significant. These laws do not appear to substantially affect adjustment in the Canadian labour market.     

Learning and decision costs in one-person games

This paper reports the results of a two-part data analysis of learning in a repeated costly decision experiment. In the first part we test payoff dominance under the hypothesis of expected payoff maximization. We utilize a dynamic probability distribution over decisions for each player, characterizing what each player has learned about the payoff function by the moments from these distributions. In the second part, we test the hypothesis of expected payoff maximization for players in each treatment group. Expected payoff maximization is supported but payoff dominance is not. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

User costs and bubbles in land markets

In asset markets with speculative behavior, the long-run equilibrium relationship between asset prices and the discounted flow of future rents may become invalid. We distinguish short-term user costs and longer-term user costs with variables that reflect fundamentals. We show how to work around the empirical problem of measuring speculative expectations about asset price changes and derive a simple user cost formula where the asset price change in the short-term relationship comes out as the long-run change in the overall price level.