The effect of migration on rural residents’ intergenerational subjective social status mobility in China

Using China Labor-Force Dynamics Survey data, we evaluate the effect of migration on rural residents’ intergenerational subjective social status mobility. Intergenerational subjective social status mobility of Chinese rural migrants shows a significant upward trend between 2007 and 2021. Overall, a significant positive effect of migration on the rural residents’ intergenerational subjective social status mobility. In particular, the 1950s birth cohort and middle-western region of China rural residents’ migration has a stronger positive effect on the intergenerational subjective social status mobility. Migration affects rural residents’ intergenerational subjective social status mobility through increased economic satisfactory, increased social capital, increased employment ratio and degree of hard work.

     

Surveying transitional experience and subjective well-being: Income, work, family

This paper reviews subjective well-being studies on income, work and family life with particular attention to transition countries. The main differences in conclusions for two types of economic systems seem to be the result of uncertainty and fast changing conditions and their effect on the perception of subjective economic conditions and on expectations formation. The terms ‘happiness’ and ‘life satisfaction’ should be distinguished when evaluating the success of socio-economic policies or of a transformation period as well as when predicting the reaction of economic systems to shocks/crisis. A short summary for more than 70 studies involving subjective well-being and attitudes indicators on data from the economies in transition is included.     

The moderating role of entrepreneurship education on the antecedents of entrepreneurial intention

A considerable agreement exists about the importance of promoting entrepreneurship to stimulate economic development. In particular, recent research has paid considerable attention to the role of entrepreneurship education in explaining entrepreneurship intentions; also, numerous studies have found empirical evidence for subjective norms affecting the attitude toward entrepreneurial behavior and the perceived control over that behavior. However, cognitive models have not yet considered the moderating role of entrepreneurship education on these relationships. Drawing on the theory of planned behavior, we analyze how the interaction between entrepreneurship education and subjective norms shapes the perceptions and attitudes toward entrepreneurship. To this end, structural equation modeling is applied to data from a sample of 338 final-year undergraduates using multi sample analysis. Results show that entrepreneurship education has a significant moderating role, mitigating the relationship between subjective norms and perceived behavioral control, and strengthening the relationship between subjective norms and entrepreneurial attitudes. Results also have relevant implications for women’s entrepreneurship.     

Probability and the subjective evidence condition

This article is an attempt to clarify and possibly extend Achinstein's idea of subjective evidence. The argument is made that even though the idea of subjective evidence is ambiguous in many respects, if clarified, it holds potentially important consequences for various branches of knowledge. An attempt is made to show how the concept of subjective evidence may be given a probabilistic interpretation. This is done by introducing the idea of a potentially relevant class of evidence statements.     

Subjective well-being among the elderly: A bibliometric analysis

Demographic trends have stimulated interest in empirical research on subjective well-being among the elderly. Despite the steep increase in published articles, no one has yet provided a summarized review of the scientific landscape. With this article, we aim to fill this research gap by providing a bibliometric analysis of the field. We do so by collecting a broad dataset of publication data from 1961 to 2016 found on the Web of Science webpage. By combining quantitative scientometric methods, as well as qualitative methods, we were able to provide a historic context of research on subjective well-being among the elderly and distinguish the most important articles, authors, journals, organizations and countries in the field. We found a big leap in research on subjective well-being among the elderly in the last 10 years, as well as a substantial globalization of the field. Although research on subjective well-being among the elderly has clear antecedents, we expect the field to further increase and mature due to more scholars from different braches of science joining the conversation.

     

Subjective fit with organizational culture: an investigation of moderating effects in the work stressor-employee adjustment relationship

Occupational stress has been a concern for human resource managers in light of research investigating the work stressor-employee adjustment relationship. This research has consistently demonstrated many negative effects between stressors in the workplace and employee adjustment. A considerable amount of literature also describes potential moderators of this relationship. Subjective fit with organizational culture has been established as a significant predictor of employee job-related attitudes; however, research has neglected investigation of the potential moderating effect of subjective fit in the work stressor-employee adjustment process. It was predicted that perceptions of subjective fit with the organization's values and goals would mitigate the negative effect of work stressors on employee adjustment in an employee sample from three organizations (N = 256). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed support for the stress-buffering effects of high subjective fit in the prediction of physical symptoms, job satisfaction, and intentions to leave. The theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.     

Binary choice under social interactions: an empirical study with and without subjective data on expectations

This paper examines two methods of modeling binary choice with social interactions: models assuming homogeneous rational expectations and models using subjective data on expectations. Exploiting a unique survey conducted during the 1996 US presidential election that was designed to study voting behavior under social context, we find that in various model specifications using subjective expectations consistently improves models' goodness‐of‐fit; and that subjective expectations are not rational as formulated by Brock and Durlauf. Specifically, members' characteristics are individually important in forming expectations. We also include correlated effect in the rational expectation model. This extension provides a remedy to the selection issues that often arise in social interaction models. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

主客观赋权法在网络教学评价中的应用

随着计算机技术的发展,网络教学已成为未来教育发展的重要方向之一,而网络教学评价是网络教学发展的必要过程。目前网络教学评估方法中,客观评价方法以客观数据为基础,主观性不强,而主观评价方法以主观赋权为基础,完全依靠专家主观意见为基础,受主观因素影响较大。为此,提出了以层次分析法和熵权法为基础的主客观赋权法,并在某大学网络教学评价中进行了具体应用。基于主客观赋权法的网络教学评价模型可以对网络教学中的师生做出客观合理的综合评价。     

Objective Information and Social Consensus

A bstract . The experiment reported in this paper assesses the relative importance of objective and subjective determinants of judgment in a typical social judgment situation. A moral dilemma was described in five written versions: a control version plus four experimental ones. Each experimental version presented a small amount of additional information emphasizing a particular objective consideration bearing on the evaluation of the morally questionable action. The subjective factors in terms of the personal backgrounds and attitudes of the judges were assessed via a brief questionnaire. A multiple regression analysis produced two principal conclusions: 1) while both the objective and subjective factors had statistically significant effects on social judgment, neither had a numerically substantial effect; 2) the subjective factors contributed appreciably more to the determination of social judgment than did the objective factors. But it is shown that objective information does have some impact on judgment—sufficient may be critical in producing social consensus.     

Statistical inference and subjective probabilities

Summary "Learning by experience" is a well-known part of the theory of subjective probabilities; the learning process is often derived from some prior distribution F(p ) where p is a parameter of unknown value of a binomial process for instance. In this paper, the learning process is explicitly formulated and the corresponding prior distribution is derived from it. In this interpretation, subjective probabilities are part of an inference methodology, rather than a subjective evaluation of frequentistic probabilities. Implications are considered for a concept like the "non-informative prior; the situation is considered in which the learning process seems to be in contact with some objectively determined prior.     

Implications of Economic Shocks for CEO Performance Evaluation†

I study the implications of economic shocks for objective and subjective CEO performance evaluation. A shock perturbs pay-setting parties' information about the firm and the CEO. I argue that pay-setting parties then lack information they need for evaluating the CEO objectively, and de-emphasize objective CEO performance evaluation in favor of subjective CEO performance evaluation; over time, pay-setting parties become better informed about the firm as well as the CEO, and increasingly use again objective CEO performance evaluation. My evidence, which uses data on objective and subjective CEO performance evaluation in US executive pay between 1992 and 2013, is consistent with my argument.     

基于主客观决策信息一致化的组合赋权法

文章从客观的角度,提出一种综合主客观权重的组合权重确定法。该方法以主客观决策信息一致化为目标建立数学规划模型,通过求解该模型确定综合主客观权重的加权系数,并通过算例说明方法的有效性。     

Subjective well-being among blue-collar immigrant employees: A systematic literature review

We present a systematic review of 67 empirical studies that examine the factors determining subjective well-being among blue-collar immigrant employees. Drawing on conservation of resources theory, we propose an integrated conceptual framework that organizes antecedents of blue-collar immigrants' subjective well-being based on resource loss and gain dynamics. Our findings indicate that resource loss was most likely when immigrants experienced precarious employment, physically and emotionally demanding jobs, injustice at work, poor living conditions, and migration-related stressors. Conversely, resource gain was most likely when they were supported by supervisors and colleagues at work, felt emotionally supported by friends, family, and community members, and adopted personal coping strategies to manage their stressors. We conclude by signaling opportunities for future research and recommendations for practitioners seeking to augment blue-collar immigrant employees' subjective well-being.     

论教师影响力的构成要素

教师影响力是教师整体素质在教育过程中的运用和体现,是教师影响和改变学生心理和行为的感召力、推动力和控制力。教师对学生的影响力包括客观影响力和主观影响力两大类。客观影响力因素包括传统观念、职位、规章制度、资历,主观影响力因素包括品格、知识、技能、情感、创新。     

Estimating the impact of social isolation on subjective health in Europe

Quality & Quantity - We investigate the relationship between social isolation and subjective health, considering that this relationship is potentially affected by endogeneity due to the...     

Differential Weighting of Objective Versus Subjective Measures in Performance Evaluation: Experimental Evidence

In this paper, we conduct two experiments to investigate how managers’ differential weighting of objective versus subjective measures affects their performance-evaluation decisions. Drawing on psychological theory, we predict that managers heuristically perceive objective measures to be more scientific than subjective measures. As a result, their performance-evaluation decisions are influenced more by objective measures than by subjective measures. Experimental results are consistent with our prediction. Supplemental analyses further support our theory by showing that participants do not perceive objective measures to be more important for performance evaluation nor do they perceive subjective measurement to be inappropriate. The implications of our findings for management accounting research and practice are discussed.     

The impact of international experience on objective and subjective career success in early careers

There is an ongoing debate in the literature on the long-term impact of international work experience on future career success. In this longitudinal study based on university graduates, we compare expatriates (n = 159), repatriates (n = 395) and domestic employees (n = 2697) with regard to their objective and subjective career success during the first five years of their careers. Results from propensity score matching and ordinary least-squares regressions show that expatriates and repatriates have a higher objective career success in terms of monthly wages. We further find a higher subjective career success for expatriates and male repatriates.     

“五方验收”在房屋建筑验收中的效力简

土地资源的日益稀缺和城市向外发展受限促进了台湾地区土地整备的发展。从运作主体、工作阶段、影响因素分析了台湾地区的土地整备，研究表明台湾的土地整备主体分别由政府部门、土地所有者和土地开发商三部分组成；工作阶段包括事先评估、实施土地整备和后续处理阶段；影响土地整备的因素有财务、技术、法律和其他四个因素。     

The effects of population density on subjective well-being: A case-study of Slovakia

The main objective of the study is to examine the effects of population density on individuals’ subjective well-being (SWB). The physical characteristics of the built environment have recently received more attention regarding their role in influencing well-being. The research is based on two waves of a representative survey EU-SILC (2013: N = 12,791 and 2018: N = 14,665). The study focuses on the emotional domain of SWB and uses a score based on the Mental Health Inventory (MHI-5). In order to remove the potential problem of reverse causality, a two-stage least squares regression model with instrumental variables is used. It shows that population density positively affects the SWB score. The results reported in this study can be useful for urban planning aimed at optimizing spatial structure while taking into account the factors which positively affect subjective well-being. The findings can also be beneficial for assessing the resilience and vulnerability of cities.