共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
The effects of foreign aid on economic growth have been extensively investigated over the past 40 years. However, even though foreign aid can be a significant source of insurance against domestic output shocks for developing countries, its risk-sharing role has not been well explored. Using a sample of 22 developing countries over the period 2003–2013, we estimate the degree of income smoothing generated by foreign aid serving as an effective channel of international income smoothing. In particular, for the period 2003–2008, we estimate that foreign aid offset about 4% of the domestic output shocks. Furthermore, we investigate the determinants of the extent of risk sharing via foreign aid, recognizing the diversification of the originating countries as a key factor. Surprisingly, humanitarian aid seems to have a negative effect, which might be explained by its predominant role in the short run. 相似文献
2.
基于关系交易理论、资源依赖理论和交易成本理论以及对国内外现有供应链知识共享相关文献的梳理和分析,建立了关系和信任导向下供应链企业间知识共享对创新绩效影响的概念模型,其中供应链企业间知识共享包括显性知识共享和隐性知识共享。结合256家供应链上下游企业的问卷数据,利用结构方程模型对上述概念模型进行了实证分析。实证分析结果表明,关系对隐性知识共享的正向影响较为显著,但其对显性知识共享的正向影响不够显著;信任对显性知识共享、隐性知识共享的正向影响均较为显著;此外,显性、隐性知识共享对创新绩效均具有显著正向影响。研究成果客观刻画了关系与信任导向下供应链企业间知识共享对创新绩效的影响路径及作用机理,将为我国企业进行供应链知识管理提供理论依据与指导。 相似文献
3.
与集中型领导相比,以自治和授权为特征的共享领导对于组织进行知识创造具有独特的重要意义。相关研究缺少对共享领导与知识创造绩效之间关系的实证研究,特别是对于两者之间的过程机制缺少明显的探讨。基于天津市文化创意型企业,通过167份样本进行分析,在团队层面运用结构方程模型实证研究了共享领导对其研发团队绩效的影响及知识场活性和知识分享在其中所扮演的中介角色。研究发现:研发团队中实施共享领导对团队创新绩效发挥积极的影响,其中知识场活性和知识分享成为这种积极影响的中介因素。研究发现对于文化创意型企业进行共享领导实践以及提升研发团队知识创新绩效,提供了一个很好的路径支持,即需要增加知识场活性,推动知识分享行动。 相似文献
4.
5.
The aim of this study is to contribute to the existing literature on innovation and knowledge sharing in crowdfunding, by exploring the importance of internal social capital, and how the previous failure of a campaign may lead to the success of a second one from the same project creator. Thus, the research question of the study is: how do social dynamics affect project success in a crowdfunding context? The paper reports an illustrative case study which has been promoted on the Kickstarter platform. The authors analysed data, documentation and physical artefacts, especially regarding the network size during the funding period. The results show that the self-learning which project creators gain from previous failure supports them in relaunching their crowdfunding campaign. However, various revisions take place during the second campaign (e.g. social capital size, product redesign and knowledge sharing) to achieve success. 相似文献
6.
刘慧 《技术经济与管理研究》2013,(11):24-28
高校科研团队是国家科技创新的重要组成部分。本文在界定高校科研团队内涵的基础上,分析了科研团队人际信任、知识共享、知识整合与创新绩效之间的关系,并构建理论模型,以苏沪皖等地12所重点高校的45个科研团队为样本,运用结构方程模型对其进行实证检验。研究结果显示:高校科研团队人际信任对知识共享和创新绩效都有显著的正向影响,而对知识整合的影响不显著;知识共享对知识整合与创新绩效都有显著的正向影响;知识整合对创新绩效具有显著的正向影响;知识共享与整合在人际信任与创新绩效之间起着中介作用。最后,提出营造团队信任的人际关系氛围等提升团队创新绩效的对策建议。 相似文献
7.
新能源汽车产业链具有资金与技术密集、知识自发溢出等特点,其功能提升与发挥程度决定产业发展质量。提升我国新能源汽车产业创新竞争力和整体水平,关键在于促使创新价值增值最大化,充分发挥产业链功能。针对我国新能源汽车产业链发展现状,构建基于创新价值流动的新能源汽车产业链功能演化GERT网络模型,以知识互溢为视角,设计未进行知识互溢、初步知识互溢和充分知识互溢3种仿真情境进行对比分析。结果发现,知识互溢能够显著促进产业链创新价值增值,提高价值转移概率,充分知识互溢对提升原材料、电池、电机等产业链核心环节功能意义重大。因此,相关部门应精准施策,在发展分散式充电桩、增加“三电”环节资金和人才投入等方面采取更加积极的措施。 相似文献
8.
李卫飞 《技术经济与管理研究》2014,(6):58-62
在这个信息大爆炸的时代里,知识共享是企业提高知识利用效率的最佳途径。然而,组织的知识共享并不容易在组织内自动发生,而是需要组织提供特定的环境。文章通过对企业休闲福利、社会资本与知识共享关系的探讨,得出的结论是:第一,企业为员工提供的休闲福利能够有效地提高员工的社会资本,而社会资本是促成组织知识共享的关键因素;第二,员工的社会资本越高,进行知识共享的意愿就越大;第三,组织内的知识共享更容易在非正式的休闲时间和场合中发生。在得出上述结论的基础上,文章还对企业提出了相关的建议。 相似文献
9.
叶宝忠 《技术经济与管理研究》2014,(9):27-31
文章基于初创小微型企业的组织公平和信任对知识共享的重要性,对组织公平和信任对知识共享影响机制的研究现状进行了梳理和分析,构建了初创小微型企业组织公平和信任对知识共享影响机制的概念模型,采用初创小微型企业的调查数据,对模型和变量间关系进行了实证检验。实证研究结果表明:初创小微型企业程序公平与同事信任对知识共享意愿无显著正向影响关系,而制度公平对知识共享意愿有显著正向影响关系;员工对主管信任对知识共享意愿有显著正向影响关系;员工对组织信任对知识共享意愿有显著正向影响关系。基于实证结果,初创小微型企业通过组织公平和信任来促进知识共享,初创小微型企业要从培养员工与主管、员工与组织彼此间信任关系;鼓励员工提案或建议制度,建立公开的提案制度并维护制度公平,同时配合奖励政策;公开化及透明化的管理决策过程,提高初创小微型企业员工对公平的认知,最终提升初创小微型企业员工的知识共享意愿。 相似文献
10.
敲竹杠问题是不完全合约理论的中心话题,经典文献认为,如果合约是不完全的,当事人的专用性投资会引发敲竹杠风险从而导致无效率的专用性投资。但是,关于敲竹杠问题的文献通常假定事后谈判结果对事前投资成本不敏感。通过在雇佣双方的投资博弈中引入投资成本相关性这种合作的谈判方式,将传统敲竹杠模型中影响谈判力的因素与当事人对公平偏好的行为因素二者融合,本文证明:与传统的投资博弈相比,在投资成本影响企业(雇员)谈判力的情况下,双方有更强的专用性人力资本投资激励。雇佣双方所面临的敲竹杠风险取决于双方的初始谈判力,且双方有可能在事前做出社会最优甚至过度的投资。这也从一个方面解释了现实中大量存在的有效投资现象。 相似文献
11.
经典的不完全合约理论认为,当事人的专用性投资会引发敲竹杠行为从而导致专用性投资的无效率。本文通过在经典的敲竹杠模型中引入关于雇员能力的不对称信息,构建一个新的模型来分析企业工资合约的刚性与灵活性,以解决敲竹杠所导致的专用性人力资本投资不足。分析表明:从保护雇佣双方专用性人力资本投资方面看,固定工资合约优于灵活工资合约;且在固定工资合约下,雇员虽然仍可能面临敲竹杠风险,但敲竹杠未必妨碍专用性人力资本投资效率。 相似文献
12.
Heng-Li Yang Author Vitae Ted C.T. Wu Author Vitae 《Technological Forecasting and Social Change》2008,75(8):1128-1156
Managers are always seeking effective policies that encourage employees to share their knowledge with others in an organization. The appropriate organizational incentives are difficult to investigate due to human factors and other institutional complexities affecting sharing behaviors of individuals. Conducting laboratory or field experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of various organizational incentive policies is unrealistic. This work proposes a novel agent-based modeling approach to simulate the actions of knowledge sharing between actors in an organization. Several human and institutional factors in this artificial world were manipulated to understand knowledge sharing. The simulation results produce the following interesting findings. (1) The initial state of actors' action affects the knowledge-sharing action regardless of the adopted strategy. (2) Poorer collective capability among the population lowers the knowledge sharing behaviors. (3) The incentive policy has restricted effects for increasing the sharing action. Rewarding each knowledge-sharing action is more effective than the periodic organizational incentives to encourage actors' knowledge sharing behaviors. 相似文献
13.
喻立 《技术经济与管理研究》2012,(5):46-49
客户需求的个性化和服务产品的同质化矛盾日益凸显,使得服务企业纷纷寻求更科学的服务供应链运作模式去获取竞争优势.服务供应链中的服务资源在供应链上具有多重属性,不同运作主体在服务供应链上处于不同的运作级别,因而对供应链运作流程的理解存在较大的差异性,导致服务供应链在知识管理过程中难以产生面向供应链整体的、紧密结合流程的服务运作知识.针对服务供应链资源管理的复杂性和共享知识的异构性,提出了基于网格管理的服务供应链资源与知识集成框架,旨在实现服务供应链中知识与资源要素的有机结合,并在此框架基础上提出了服务供应链知识共享模型,该模型从服务供应链的资源匹配和知识要素整合两方面提出并揭示服务供应链知识共享的关键流程和环节. 相似文献
14.
Termination clauses in partnerships 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We show that when designing a partnership agreement partner firms may prefer not to specify how to allocate the commonly owned assets should there be an early termination of the contract. By not including such a clause, firms induce litigation before a Court with positive probability. Firms create this ex-post inefficiency in order to increase the levels of non-contractible investments, i.e. increase the ex-ante efficiency. The absence of an asset allocation clause works as a “discipline device” that mitigates the hold-up problem within the partnership. In our set-up, no other contract but that without an asset allocation clause can credibly create an ex-post inefficiency. 相似文献
15.
We examine incentives for network-specific investment and consider the implications for network governance. We model a two-sided market in which participants making payments over a network platform can invest in a technology that reduces the marginal cost of using the platform. A network effect results in multiple equilibria—either all agents invest and use of the platform is high or no agents invest and use of the platform is low. The high-use equilibrium can be implemented if commitment is feasible. When the platform cannot commit to usage fees, investment in the platform-specific technology will be held up, thus implementing the low-investment equilibrium. As a result, governance structures necessary to achieve commitment will be preferred to those necessary merely to achieve coordination. For example, mutual ownership by users of a network platform may emerge where users face risk of ex post renegotiation. Such a governance structure will also be sufficient to avoid low investment attributable to the network effect. 相似文献
16.
高新技术企业内隐性知识分享影响研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
隐性知识分享是高新技术企业知识创造的起点和关键,只有隐性知识为高新技术企业员工所分享,才能创造和维持高新技术企业的竞争优势.本文从社会网络的视角,探讨对高新技术企业内部隐性知识分享产生影响的五种社会关系网络,构建模型并选择某通信公司客户服务中心某一部门进行调研访谈以获取相关数据,利用Ucinet软件进行回归分析以确定影响程度.研究结果表明这五种社会关系网络均对隐性知识分享存在显著正影响,其中情感网络的影响最大,其次为信任网络、工具性网络、认知网络,影响最小的是工作流网络. 相似文献
17.
This study is based on the Froot, O’Connell, and Seasholes [2001] and Hsieh, Yang and Yu [2008] as foundations to study which reasons and control factors cause herding behavior of mutual fund inflows. The study uses the most popular Asian emerging market, China, as the sample to determine the real attractive reason behind the mutual fund inflows to China. The significant determinant of the mutual fund inflows to China is stock returns for both Shanghai and Shenzhen A stock markets. 相似文献
18.
投资阻塞问题产生的条件及应用范围是什么?学界观点尚不统一。文章基于外包情形构建了理论模型,首次基于模型推导出了投资阻塞问题的产生条件,并阐释了投资扭曲、投资不足、过度投资之间的关系。随后,文章探究了投资阻塞问题背后的经济规律,找出了不同组织形式效率损失的原因,为构建高效的组织形式提供理论依据。最后,文章揭示了投资阻塞问题展现在模型中的设定规律,阐释了代表性模型核心假定与结论之间的逻辑关系,以解决实证研究多聚焦于验证理论模型结论而无法检验假定与结论之间逻辑关系的问题,有助于厘清投资阻塞问题应用范围。 相似文献
19.
In the hold-up problem incomplete contracts cause the proceeds of relationship-specific investments to be allocated by bargaining. This paper investigates the corresponding investment incentives if individuals have heterogeneous fairness preferences. Individual preferences are taken to be private information. Investments can then signal preferences and thereby influence beliefs and bargaining behavior. In consequence, individuals might choose high investments in order not to signal information that is unfavorable in the ensuing bargaining. 相似文献
20.
Peyman Akhavan 《Technology Analysis & Strategic Management》2016,28(1):96-113
Effectively encouraging employees to share valuable knowledge can increase and sustain a firm's competitive advantages. This study adopted an integrated approach to understand casual relationships among knowledge sharing (KS) enablers (social capital factors), mechanism of forming KS behaviours (knowledge collecting and knowledge donating) through individuals’ KS intention, and KS outcome (innovation capability) within research and development teams. The research model was developed by reviewing literature and tested with survey data collected from 230 employees in multiple companies in Iran. Results of partial least squares analysis indicated that social interaction ties (as a structural capital factor), trust, reciprocity, and team identification (as relational capital factors) significantly associated with KS intention. KS intention, in turn, was significantly related to KS behaviours (knowledge colleting and knowledge donating). In addition, findings revealed that members’ willingness to collect and donate knowledge can affect team innovation capability. This study also discusses the implications for fostering social capital and KS behaviours to enhance team innovation capability. 相似文献