空间加权矩阵设置与空间面板参数估计效率

总结了常用的空间加权矩阵的一般构建方法和研究领域内新提出的空间加权矩阵的构建方法,从宏观与微观层面,量化分析了空间加权矩阵设置对于空间面板参数估计效率、空间效应识别的影响效应。结论表明：宏观数据层面,随着空间加权矩阵复杂程度的提高,无论是空间面板固定效应模型还是空间面板随机效应模型,参数估计的有效性与一致性都显著提高并且广义矩参数估计方法优于拟极大似然估计方法,复合的空间加权矩阵条件下,拉格朗日乘子检验方法的功效更高;微观数据层面,回归结果表明四种不同类型的空间加权矩阵的设置,对于聚集外部性引致的企业全要素生产率增长的空间边界的识别具有显著影响,复合的空间加权矩阵更有效。     

区域空间结构优化重组政策研究——以长江流域为例

从经济转型中区域空间结构动态演进过程的角度,分析了长江流域区域空间差异形成的多重因素,认为促进长江流域区域经济的协调发展应积极推进区域空间结构的优化重组。针对引起长江流域空间结构差异化的具体原因,提出现阶段应结合不同层次城市区域的空间结构特征和空间关系机制,以城市区域为空间结构重组的基础性功能单元,构建集区域空间价值最大化、空间联系优化、空间竞争力重塑和空间创新能力挖掘等目标于一体的区域空间政策体系。     

Financial openness and Chinese regional growth imbalance: New insight from spatial spillovers

This paper uses spatial panel methods and Chinese provincial data from 2003 to 2017 to study the spatial spillovers of financial openness on economic growth. The results show, first, a positive direct effect and an overall negative spatial spillover of financial openness on provincial growth. Second, there are two spatial spillover channels: a positive growth externality and a harmful resource competition among provinces. Third, we estimate the state dependence and dynamics of spatial spillover, and find that the negative spatial spillover is smaller in provinces with high levels of financial openness and in the long term; thus, the negative spatial spillover declined over time. These results are robust to the choice of SDM and GNS spatial econometrics methods and under different spatial weight matrices.     

Estimating and Forecasting with a Dynamic Spatial Panel Data Model*

This study focuses on the estimation and predictive performance of several estimators for the dynamic and autoregressive spatial lag panel data model with spatially correlated disturbances. In the spirit of Arellano and Bond (1991) and Mutl (2006) , a dynamic spatial generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator is proposed based on Kapoor, Kelejian and Prucha (2007) for the spatial autoregressive (SAR) error model. The main idea is to mix non‐spatial and spatial instruments to obtain consistent estimates of the parameters. Then, a linear predictor of this spatial dynamic model is derived. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we compare the performance of the GMM spatial estimator to that of spatial and non‐spatial estimators and illustrate our approach with an application to new economic geography.     

混合地理加权回归模型中的空间相关性检验和参数估计研究

对混合地理加权回归模型,提出新的空间相关性检验统计量,利用三阶矩?2逼近方法导出了其检验p-值的近似计算公式,模拟结果显示该检验统计量在检测空间相关性方面具有满意的功效。为了处理数据中可能同时存在的空间相关性和空间异质性,引入一类新的混合地理加权空间滞后回归模型,模拟结果表明该估计方法具有较高的可靠性和稳健性,与全局空间滞后回归模型比较,混合地理加权空间滞后回归模型在处理空间异质性方面具有更优良的表现。     

城市旅游空间结构演变与优化研究——以苏州市为例

在对国内外相关研究现状的基础上,以苏州市为例,探讨了城市旅游空间结构演进过程及优化问题;首先,按照城市旅游地生命周期,阐述了城市旅游空间结构在不同阶段的演变形态和特征,在开发阶段的城市旅游空间结构为单节点的凝聚模式,在成长阶段为多节点并存的放射模式,在成熟阶段为板块旅游模式;其次,实证分析表明,苏州市目前旅游空间结构处于放射模式阶段,不利于城市旅游进一步发展,通过旅游线路体系的完善和空间结构的优化,苏州市旅游空间结构演变为理想的板块旅游模式.     

全球化对城市空间结构的作用机制分析

论文认为城市空间结构的演进归根结底是微观经济主体,尤其是企业的生产行为和区位选择行为推动的。企业对生产组织和空间布局的不同选择,直接影响着两种不同的空间发展模式——集中化和分散化。全球化和信息化推动了生产技术方式和生产组织方式的演进,对企业区位选择、产业的空间布局,以及城市空间结构和空间组织产生了重要影响,都市圈、城市群成为当今先进生产组织方式的重要空间载体。     

Spatially Balanced Sampling: A Review and A Reappraisal

Spatially distributed data exhibit particular characteristics that should be considered when designing a survey of spatial units. Unfortunately, traditional sampling designs generally do not allow for spatial features, even though it is usually desirable to use information concerning spatial dependence in a sampling design. This paper reviews and compares some recently developed randomised spatial sampling procedures, using simple random sampling without replacement as a benchmark for comparison. The approach taken is design‐based and serves to corroborate intuitive arguments about the need to explicitly integrate spatial dependence into sampling survey theory. Some guidance for choosing an appropriate spatial sampling design is provided, and some empirical evidence for the gains from using these designs with spatial populations is presented, using two datasets as illustrations.     

城市地价空间结构分析——以太原市为例

地价是近来各界关注的热点问题之一,文中在对城市地价空间结构进行理论讨论的基础上,分析了太原市城市地价空间结构问题,指出基于成交价的地价空间分布和基于2004年太原市基准地价的空间结构不符,并讨论了成因与地价空间结构的演变趋势。     

信息技术与城市空间结构的优化

本文从空间相互作用、区位因子选择、功能空间替代入手,分析信息技术优化城市空间结构的机理,探讨在信息技术的推动下,城市在空间扩展、集聚运动、用地模式、功能分区、等级体系等方面所呈现的新变化和新景观,并提出中国城市利用信息技术优化和调整空间结构的具体建议.     

广东省区域经济差异的探索性空间数据分析:1990～2009

本文通过运用完善的探索性空间数据分析(ESDA)方法对广东省21个地级市20年来人均GDP之间的空间相关性进行了研究.结果表明,各地市人均收入的空间相关性呈现逐年上升的趋势.通过计算局部空间自相关进一步验证了广东经济中空间异质性的存在,揭示了区域和地理单元间的相互作用在区域差异中的影响,最后对实证结果进行了成因分析.     

空间信息服务在电子商务物流中的应用研究

为了更好地完善电子商务物流服务,文章将空间信息服务引入电子商务物流。分析电子商务物流的特点、服务的内容、空间信息服务与电子商务物流的关系,研究了电子商务物流对空间信息服务的需求,空间信息服务在电子商务物流中的应用．并从空间信息服务的描述和空间信息服务的注册发现对空间信息服务的实现进行了探讨。     

Cross-industry asset allocation with the spatial interaction on multiple risk transmission channels

Taking into consideration the real link and information risk transmission channels, we used a spatial econometric approach to construct an economic distance-based spatial weight matrix, which can capture the spatial interaction across industries, and built a return estimation model with spatial interaction using the matrix. On this basis, we derived the covariance matrix and constructed the cross-industry asset allocation model. The empirical results showed that 1) the spatial interaction has a strong explanatory power to return and integrating the spatial interaction on multiple risk transmission channels can improve the effectiveness of the return estimation model; 2) the covariance matrix includes unsystematic risk (idiosyncratic risk) and systematic risk (market risk and cross-industry spillover risk); 3) the asset allocation model with spatial interaction can improve the performance of the portfolio and provide a valuable reference for investors' risk management and investment decision.     

公共服务供给、空间溢出与新型城镇化发展质量

本文利用省级面板数据实证研究了公共服务供给对新型城镇化发展质量的作用机理及其空间效应。研究结果表明,公共服务供给和新型城镇化发展质量存在显著的空间相关性,且公共服务供给对新型城镇化发展质量的空间溢出效应日趋增强。教育具有显著的正向空间溢出作用,交通基础设施的空间溢出效应为负但并不显著,医疗具有较为明显的空间抑制作用。进一步进行区域异质性分析发现,公共服务供给对新型城镇化的直接效应和空间效应在三大地区存在明显的差异性。因此,不同区域要基于公共服务供给及其空间溢出效应的特点制定新型城镇化高质量发展政策措施,包括优化公共交通基础设施服务功能、提高人力资源配置效率、改善区域性医疗卫生条件等。     

大都市区化的空间分工机制——兼论中国城市化的空间政策转向

"大都市区化"是城市化空间快速连绵发展的过程,反映了城乡一体化的地域整体特征.论文指出都市区化的经济机制是因为劳动分工和空间集聚之间的相互作用.论文基于这一经济机制对中国的城市化空间政策进行分析,提出:弱化城市规模控制,通过空间组织结构的持续调整推进都市区化发展,应成为城市化空间政策的调整取向.     

Spatial Vector Autoregressions

Abstract

A spatial vector autoregressive model (SpVAR) is defined as a VAR which includes spatial as well as temporal lags among a vector of stationary state variables. SpVARs may contain disturbances that are spatially as well as temporally correlated. Although the structural parameters are not fully identified in SpVARs, contemporaneous spatial lag coefficients may be identified by weakly exogenous state variables. Dynamic spatial panel data econometrics is used to estimate SpVARs. The incidental parameter problem is handled by bias correction rather than more popular alternatives such as generalised methods of moments (GMM). The interaction between temporal and spatial stationarity is discussed. The impulse responses for SpVARs are derived, which naturally depend upon the temporal and spatial dynamics of the model. We provide an empirical illustration using annual spatial panel data for Israel. The estimated SpVAR is used to calculate impulse responses between variables, over time, and across space. Finally, weakly exogenous instrumental variables are used to identify contemporaneous spatial lag coefficients.     

交通性公共空间盲区及其综合治理

交通性公共空间分为联通性道路空间和生活性道路空间。分析了联通性道路空间盲区和生活性道路空间盲区的特点,探讨了公共空间盲区的成因,分析了交通性公共空间对城市犯罪的影响,并在此基础上提出了交通性公共空间盲区治理的基本思路。指出联通性道路空间盲区治理的重点在于治理机动车辆的违规行驶、停放和行人的随意穿越;生活性道路空间盲区治理的重点在于治理人车混杂和人车拥挤。最后从合理的安全性规划设计、科学的交通管制手段、即时性的交通安全防控等三个方面提出了交通公共空间盲区治理的基本途径。     

SPATIAL LIMITED DEPENDENT VARIABLE MODELS: A REVIEW FOCUSED ON SPECIFICATION,ESTIMATION, AND HEALTH ECONOMICS APPLICATIONS

Modeling individual choices is one of the main aim in microeconometrics. Discrete choice models have been widely used to describe economic agents' utility functions and most of them play a paramount role in applied health economics. On the other hand, spatial econometrics collects a series of econometric tools, which are particularly useful when we deal with spatially distributed data sets. Accounting for spatial dependence can avoid inconsistency problems of the commonly used statistical estimators. However, the complex structure of spatial dependence in most of the nonlinear models still precludes a large diffusion of these spatial techniques. The purpose of this paper is then twofold. The former is to review the main methodological problems and their different solutions in spatial nonlinear modeling. The latter is to review their applications to health issues, especially those appeared in the last few years, by highlighting the main reasons why spatial discrete neighboring effects should be considered and suggesting possible future lines of development in this emerging field. Particular attention has been paid to cross‐sectional spatial discrete choice modeling. However, discussions on the main methodological advancements in other spatial limited dependent variable models and spatial panel data models are also included.     

基于百度地图实时路况的昆明市道路拥堵研究

基于百度地图实时路况的调查资料,应用ArcGIS中全局空间自相关分析模块和局部空间聚集性模块方法,对昆明市交通拥堵进行时空分布特征研究。结果显示全局聚集分析中昆明市交通拥堵点呈现聚集性分布,局部空间聚集性分析中昆明市交通拥堵点局部聚集性强,分布区域集中在商业、客运中心和旅游休闲区域,空间上临近区域拥堵情况类似,土地利用性质对周围的交通存在显著的影响。拥堵的时间规律特征主要受人们活动规律的影响。     

中西方居住空间分异动因比较研究

城市居住空间分异是城市化过程中难以避免的现象,中西方城市居住空间分异的形成动因不同.通过对国内外城市居住空间分异的动因的分析、比较,归纳出其发展过程中呈现的不同动因.