Bounded Love of Variety and Patterns of Trade

Long-run bilateral trade data exhibit four empirical regularities: (i) countries import only a small fraction of all traded varieties, (ii) per capita income and the number of imported varieties correlate positively, (iii) per capita income and trade shares correlate positively and (iv) world trade shares have markedly increased. Standard theories fail to simultaneously explain these patterns. This paper reconciles theory and data by assuming that the consumer??s marginal utility from varieties is bounded. Given this assumption, consumers do not purchase foreign varieties that bear high transport costs. With increasing incomes, however, consumers include more of the latter varieties, which generates the four patterns above.     

On Translation Principles of Advertising English

A.Faithfulness One of the main functions of advertising is to provide product information, including brand name, price, size, performance, characteristics and so on.Therefore, it becomes extremely im- portant for consumers to be able to understand all the information.     

Product innovation with mass-production: Insufficient or excessive?

Significant product innovation often entails standardization of product characteristics and mass-production. This paper examines the market outcome and social-welfare property of product innovation involving mass-production. It is shown that the share of mass-producers has tendency to be larger than the social optimum. The equilibrium share of mass-produced products is determined by the indifference condition of the marginal customer, while the optimal share is based on the indifference condition of the average customer. Since the marginal customer's benefit of using local products is lower than the average customer's, consumers move to mass-produced products more than desired. However, if there is positive externality among consumers in using mass-produced products, the market may have multiple equilibrium and the conclusion of excessive share of mass-produced products in market equilibrium may be reversed.     

A model of counterfeiting: A duopoly approach

This paper establishes a duopoly model, which considers consumers’ preference exhibits the horizontal differentiation and vertical differentiation simultaneously, to investigate how counterfeiting affects firms’ market power and consumer's purchasing behavior. The effects of government enforcement on counterfeiting are also concerned. The findings tell that (1) the market power of the firms is higher than the one when consumers with only the characteristic of horizontal differentiation or vertical differentiation; (2) when the production cost of a genuine product increases, the consumers who originally purchased this genuine product may continue to purchase the genuine one, purchase the genuine of the other brand, or, quite interestingly, purchase the counterfeiting product of the other brand; (3) If government imposes a (stricter) enforcement on counterfeiting, the consumers who do not have a strong preference on a particular brand of product but originally purchased the counterfeit of this brand of product may instead purchase the genuine one or purchase nothing; the consumers who originally purchased its genuine may instead purchase the genuine of the other brand or purchase nothing.     

Methods of forecasting gross domestic product dynamics

Models for the operational and medium-term forecasting and monitoring of the dynamics of gross domestic product (GDP) indices in current and comparable prices depending on changes in factors that determine GDP volume are proposed. Key factors in the domestic market are the cash incomes of the population and permanent investment.     

Complements Integration and Foreclosure: The Case of Joint Consumption

In some cases, complementary products are sold to different sets of agents to aid in transactions between them. In the context of a simplified model, this article shows that a monopolist has an incentive to integrate into and foreclose other sellers of a complementary product used in fixed proportions with the monopolized product, but which is sold to different consumers. While these latter consumers are made worse off by integration and leverage, output is expanded and the monopolist's original consumers are made better off. The effect of integration and leverage on overall welfare is uncertain. I illustrate this model with an example involving trucking fleet cards (sold to trucking companies) and fuel desk point-of-sale systems (sold to truck stops) that are used in conjunction when diesel fuel is purchased.     

消费者参与地标农产品众筹影响因素分析

农产品销售问题是一直存在的,此前就有学者提出并研究将农产品销售和众筹营销相结合,利用众筹这一有效的融资手段解决农户资金和农产品销售问题,特别对贫困地区的农户增加收益是有利的。本文针对地标农产品,研究消费者参与地标农产品众筹意愿的影响因素。提出影响参与意愿的研究模型,通过问卷调查收集相关的数据。通过信度、效度等分析验证了量表及模型的可靠性。并从消费者创新、时间偏好以及品牌知名度这三个影响参与众筹意愿的因素方面提出应对建议,以提高消费者参与众筹的意愿。     

农村银色保健品市场的需求特点与营销对策研究

农村银色保健品市场的快速发展,受到了众多商家的高度关注,而如何把握农村老年人市场的需求特点,开展有效的营销组合设计,是能否在这个广大潜力市场成功发展的关键。考虑到这一市场在产品上,比较注重核心产品,品牌偏好不强;在价格上,注重性价比,求实动机明显;在渠道要求上,注重便利性,喜欢就近购买;从促销角度看,购买行为比较被动,信息不通畅等诸多特点,笔者坚定认为产品应该是进入农村市场的根本,价格应该适应需求水平,渠道应该是致胜的通路,促销应该是竞争的利器,并在此基础上提出了自己的发展对策。     

Food Safety Issue and Green Food Export from China

Food safety issue has become competition point of international food and agricultural product trade. The consumers like green food because it is safe, high quality and nutrition, so the green food trade will be main trend of international food trade. At present, the green food production in China grows rapidly and faces the big chance to export. This paper expounds on the international competitive edge of green food according to the influence of food safety issue on the international trade. This paper also discusses the tactics of Chinese green food on the basis of analysis of the characteristics of international organic food market.     

夏威夷农产品礼物篮的消费者偏好分析——对于广州购买者的问卷研究

文章使用广州的调研数据,采用联合分析方法研究了消费者对于高价值、夏威夷生产的食品礼物篮的偏好.我们计算了相对重要性指标衡量消费者对礼物篮属性的评价.研究得到了三点结论:(1)食品和容器应为"夏威夷制造",从而使得消费者愿意支付高的价格;(2)企业消费者一般不愿意为礼物篮支付高的价格;(3)个人消费者愿意支付高价格的奎阿相思木礼物篮.这说明一个新兴的高消费阶层在中国出现.     

夏威夷农产品礼物篮的消费者偏好分析——对于广州购买者的问卷研究

文章使用广州的调研数据，采用联合分析方法研究了消费者对于高价值、夏威夷生产的食品礼物篮的偏好。我们计算了相对重要性指标衡量消费者对礼物篮属性的评价。研究得到了三点结论：（1）食品和容器应为“夏威夷制造”，从而使得消费者愿意支付高的价格；（2）企业消费者一般不愿意为礼物篮支付高的价格；（3）个人消费者愿意支付高价格的奎阿相思木礼物篮。这说明一个新兴的高消费阶层在中国出现。     

消费者参与制造企业产品创新的激励机制研究

文章应用实证研究方法,对消费者参与电子信息技术制造企业产品创新的激励因素进行分析,结果发现,消费者精神和情感需求的满足对其参与制造企业产品创新的激励作用最大,它不仅激励消费者参与产品功能和式样创新,还激励其参与产品创意创新和激励其投入更多的资源参与产品创新;消费者对产品个性化需求的满足对消费者参与产品功能和式样创新有激励作用;消费者对产品创新过程和结果控制感的需求满足对消费者参与产品创意创新和增加资源投入有激励作用。根据这些基本结论,提出了促进消费者参与产品创新的对策建议。     

A theoretical model of the relationship between value added elements and end product

This paper focuses on the development of a theoretical scheme describing the transformation of primary incomes into end consumption and savings in the Russian economy. This scheme is basically a system of interrelated tables reflecting the distribution of primary incomes across the institutional sectors and their further reallocation and use. The scheme makes allowances for the specific features of the Russian economy and existing statistics. In terms of methodology, it is coordinated with the interindustry balance in current buyer prices and, from the theoretical standpoint, describes the connection between Quadrant II and Quadrant III of the balance. Therefore, the proposed system of tables is treated in the paper as Quadrant IV of the interindustry balance. The theoretical scheme is used by the authors as a necessary basis for constructing an empirical model of the relationship between value added and end product, which will be published in the next issue of this journal.     

房地产企业多元化战略研究

房地产行业是一个资金密集型行业,需要庞大的资金支持,从资金的角度考虑,大多数房地产企业都选择了进行专业化经营。然而,当房地产业发展成熟以后,为了追求范围经济效应,取得更多的收益,房地产企业会通过实施多元化经营,调整产品结构,保证企业的可持续发展。     

Newspaper quality,pulitzer prizes,and newspaper circulation

Many journalists and journalism scholars contend that the profit motive of commercial media companies conflicts with the supply of high quality journalism. However, media companies should supply high quality news if quality yields sufficiently greater revenues. Quality journalism may not increase audience either because of a lemons problem or because consumers do not value the product dimensions that journalists do. The authors test whether news quality matters in a cross-section of U.S. newspapers. Newspapers winning Pulitzer Prizes in recent years have significantly higher circulation, even when controlling for the economic, demographic, and media characteristics of their markets.     

Top incomes in China: Data collection and the impact on income inequality

Using data on top incomes collected from different sources, we combine the samples of top incomes with a household survey (HS) to investigate changes in income distribution with and without top incomes. The Gini coefficient of income inequality using HS data is 0.464 for 2016 and jumps to 0.646 after including the samples of top incomes, which demonstrates the importance of top incomes in estimating income inequality.     

安徽省入境旅游市场分析及提升对策

近年来,安徽省入境旅游发展迅速,但是,与排名前几位的其他省市在入境旅游人数和国际旅游创汇收入方面还有一定的差距。利用波士顿矩阵对安徽省入境旅游客源市场进行动态分析,发现安徽省入境客源市场结构存在不合理。因此,文章以发展的观点对安徽省的入境旅游市场进行分析研究,提出调整结构、挖掘产品、培育主体、全面促销、开辟通道的提升对策,推动安徽入境旅游快速发展。     

Potential Payoff from R&D in the Coconut Industry of North Sulawesi, Indonesia

The coconut industry of North Sulawesi, one of the primary coconut-producing provinces of Indonesia, is dominated by a small number of products that are primarily exported overseas. As they only comprise a small share of the global coconut product export market, demand for coconut products from North Sulawesi is generally very elastic. Conversely, the supply of coconuts is highly inelastic, especially in the short to medium term. Hence, small shifts in supply and demand lead to large fluctuations in farmer incomes. In this context, an equilibrium displacement model is used to examine the intra-industry consequences of R&D investments in farm productivity and product development. These investments are assessed in terms of the producer surplus benefits that they generate.     

乡村旅游品牌战略研究——以苏南为例

苏南地区乡村旅游在开发和发展中以起点高、投入大和规范性强的特点而取得了可喜的成绩。在此基础上进行品牌建设可谓意义重大,也是乡村旅游进入可持续发展的重要举措。品牌是一种承诺,是关于产品、服务或企业的所有内容,在消费者心目中占据与众不同的位置。文章认为,创建苏南地区乡村旅游品牌,一是要在服务质量上令游客满意;二是加强品牌文化内涵建设;三是丰富品牌形象个性以吸引更多特色乡村旅游客源。