On barriers to technology adoption,appropriate technology and European integration

Review of World Economics - We first estimate country- and sector-specific technology frontiers within the EU, and show that countries that joined the Union in 2004-7 clearly stand below the lower...     

陕北（榆林）生态科技园论坛 十大典型生态农业模式及配套技术

为进一步促进生态农业的发展,农业部向全国征集到了370种生态农业模式或技术体系,通过专家反复研讨,遴选出经过一定实践运行检验,具有代表性的十大类型生态模式,并正式将这十大类型生态模式作为今后一个时期农业部的重点任务加以推广。这十大典型模式和配套技术是：北方＂四位一体＂生态模式及配套技术;南方＂猪--沼--果＂生态模式及配套技术;     

Industrious peasants in east and west: markets, technology, and family structure in Japanese and Western European agriculture

Jan de Vries engages with Osamu Saito's discussion of Tokugawa Japan, in particular, his exploration of de Vries's concept of an industrious revolution for East Asia, which was published in this journal in 2010. The discussion bears on the ongoing debate over the timing and character of the Great Divergence, when advanced parts of Europe pulled ahead of Asia. de Vries argues that the constraint on the Japanese rural household to acquire and shed labour delayed the shift from supply-side industriousness to demand-motivated industriousness, which in turn meant that the Great Divergence was already in place before 1800.     

Determinants of animal traction adoption in traditional agriculture: An application of the multivariate probit procedure to the case of Lesotho

This study identifies the socio-economic factors responsible for the adoption of animal traction in the Maseru district, Lesotho. Data for the study were obtained from a cross-section of farmers, using a two-stage random sampling technique to purposively select both adopters and nonadopters of animal traction technology. The probit model was employed to analyse the data, using the maximum likelihood estimation technique to identify quantifiably the effects of selected variables on animal traction adoption in the study area. The results of the study indicate that the adoption of animal traction in the area of study is equally sensitive to both sociological and economic factors, the most significant being the number of work animals and farm income, respectively. It is specifically recommended, among other things, that efforts be made to advance credit to poor farmers as a motivation towards increased animal traction adoption. This would increase farm output and income in the study area in particular, and in other areas with similar agro-ecological and institutional conditions that might be contemplating introducing this particular technology.     

论新农村建设与解决“三农”问题的关系

社会主义新农村建设同解决"三农"问题存在着密切的联系,新农村建设是在新的社会发展阶段对解决"三农"问题在理论上的继承和创新。同时,要从根本上解决"三农"问题也必须建设社会主义新农村,新农村建设与解决"三农"问题在内容上也是相近的,在某种意义上讲,解决"三农"问题同新农村建设是一个问题的两个方面。     

Efficiency and technology gap in China's agriculture: A regional meta-frontier analysis

This paper utilizes a unique county-level dataset to examine technical efficiency and technology gap in China's agriculture. We classify the counties into four regions with distinctive levels of economic development, and hence production technologies. A meta-frontier analysis is used. We find that although the eastern counties have the highest efficiency scores with respect to the regional frontier but the northeastern region leads in terms of agricultural production technology nationwide. Meanwhile, the mean efficiency of the northeastern counties is particularly low, suggesting technology and knowledge diffusion within region might help to improve production efficiency and thus agricultural output.     

休闲农业与观光农业、都市农业的联系与区别

随着生活水平的提高,居民对其居住的城市环境和休闲旅游需要都提出了更高的要求,居住、旅游回归绿色、回归自然也成了一种时尚生活追求。顺应这种需求,国内休闲农业、观光农业、都市农业等"前沿农业"逐渐得到了越来越多的经营者和学者的关注。随着这些农业形式的发展,学术界的探讨也越来越多,进入了百花齐放的状态,但至今为止,国内尚未形成一个统一的认识,尤其对于各种农业形态还没有一个统一的用词和清晰的界定。因此,作者试图综合国内外研究的成果和方向,理顺现在国内研究比较多的三种前沿农业形式:休闲农业、观光农业、都市农业之间的关系。     

略论新农村建设与农业类上市公司问题

农业的弱质、农民的弱势、农村的弱位,先天性地表现在经济融合中。为保证产业协调发展,形成国际特色,必须运用现代融资方式——证券市场,去发展农业,解决农业、农村、农民的三农问题。发展壮大农业和农村经济、增加农民收入是社会主义新农村建设的中心环节。     

农业科技企业的企业规模与管理复杂性关系的实证分析

农业科技企业的企业规模的扩大使企业经营环境的复杂性不断增加,复杂性管理成为成长企业管理的核心。本文以伊利集团为对象,对企业规模与管理复杂性的关系进行实证研究,运用管理熵理论及层次分析法构建了企业规模管理复杂性评价模型,并测算出该企业规模与管理复杂性呈正相关关系,最后运用管理熵理论和企业成长周期理论解释这种正相关关系背后的本质原因。     

Microfinance in Times of Crisis: The Effects of Competition, Rising Indebtedness, and Economic Crisis on Repayment Behavior

This paper analyzes repayment determinants for loans from Caja Los Andes, a Bolivian microlender. The analysis focuses on the influence of recent changes in Bolivia. In particular, we examine the effects of the rapidly growing supply of microloans, the increasing competition, a rising level of indebtedness among microentrepreneurs, and the recent economic crisis. Our results show a twofold influence structure of competition and indebtedness. First, clients with loans from multiple sources at the same time are found to be more likely to default than others. Second, clients with given characteristics have an overall better repayment behavior in areas with higher competition and a higher supply of microloans.     

大力发展都市农业,加速农业现代化进程——珠海发展都市农业探析

一、珠海发展都市农业的有利条件 1.市民有支付能力.据专家分析,当人均年收入在500～800美元时,人们外出观光旅游处于进发期,有着不可遏制的爆发力.1997年珠海市职工年平均工资12793元(折合约1505.05美元),广州、深圳、东莞、中山、顺德、番禺、南海等周边城市也相继迈入中等小康行列,早已超过上述标准.据旅游局调查一日游愿意承担100元以下的人占29.44%,愿意承担100～200元者占43.51%,200～300元者占14.11%,这可以满足定位于普通市民的观光休闲的都市农业项目的消费需要.     

20世纪三四十年代华北平原农村的租佃关系和雇佣关系——以河北省清苑县4村为例

本文利用1958年第二次无锡、保定农村经济调查所得河北省清苑县4个村庄的1930年、1936年、1946年3个年份的历史数据，对19世纪30-40年代华北平原农村的租佃关系和雇佣关系做了较详细的考察，内容涉及及该地区土地租佃的习俗、地租形式及地租率、雇佣劳动的使用、长短工雇佣情况、工资形式和水平等。本文所利用的调查数据，绝大部分为首次公布。     

国外对我国农产品出口的主要技术壁垒及防范措施

本文根据近年来国外对我国农产品出口的主要技术壁垒形式,分析技术壁垒日益成为我国农产品出口严重阻碍的原因,并据此提出了防范国外技术壁垒的措施,对于政府部门制定政策,推进我国国内农产品质量安全管理体系建设和农产品技术性贸易措施体系建设,提高我国农产品质量安全水平和农产品国际竞争力,具有重要的参考价值。