FDI知识溢出效应对中国能源强度的区域性影响

本文运用DEA方法测算出我国东、中、西部三大区域的全要素生产率,并分解为纯技术效率、技术变化和规模效率,以此作为技术进步的代表量,分析各个区域外商直接投资的知识溢出效应及其对当地能源强度的影响。得出的研究结论为:第一、东部地区外商直接投资的知识溢出效应体现在纯技术效率上,中部地区体现在纯技术效率和技术变化上,西部地区体现在技术变化上。第二,东部地区FDI的知识溢出对本地区能源强度的影响不显著,中部地区FDI的知识溢出提高了本地区的能源强度,西部地区FDI的知识溢出能够显著降低能源强度。本文的政策含义是:东、中部地区应该提高引进外资的技术和能耗门槛,提高外商直接投资的知识溢出效应;西部地区要进一步完善市场经济体制,创造良好的市场氛围,吸引更多更好的FDI,并注重眼前利益和长远利益的平衡。     

中国区域经济收敛与地区差距的再检验

本文首先收集1985—2006年中国28个省市数据验证中国区域经济增长的条件β收敛和绝对β收敛,然后运用Blinder—Oaxaca分解方法来分析造成我国东部地区与中西部地区发展差距的原因。实证结果显示,我国自1985年来区域经济增长没有表现出收敛性。当我们将全国划分为东部地区和中西部地区后,我们发现东部地区经济增长收敛,而中西部地区经济增长不收敛。Blinder—Oaxaca分解结果显示,中西部地区与东部地区经济发展差距扩大的最主要原因是中西部地区实物资本投资不足。随着改革开放的深入,外商直接投资和开放程度在地区差距中发挥的作用越来越大,而教育和地理位置的优惠政策的作用则越来越小。     

Crisis,Stimulus Package and Migration in China

This paper analyzes the short‐term and long‐term effects that the global economic crisis and the investment priorities of the Chinese Government's stimulus package had on Chinese migrant flows between 2008 and 2014. Combining micro‐level household survey data and macro‐level statistics, the authors have found that in the short run, the regional and sectoral impact of the crisis, combined with the government's investment priorities, caused a reorientation of migration routes from the export‐oriented coastal provinces towards the central and western regions, from inter‐provincial migration towards intra‐provincial migration, and from manufacturing industry towards the construction sector. However, in the longer run, the decreasing attractiveness of the eastern region and the increasing attractiveness of the western region proved to be transitory, although the pre‐crisis relative advantage of the eastern region was not fully restored. What proved to be persistent were the attractiveness of the central region and the intra‐provincial migration in all three regions, and, in particular, the steady growth of migrants in the construction sector.     

Determinants of Economic Growth and Spread–backwash Effects in Western and Eastern China

This paper comparatively assesses the major contributors to economic growth and spread–backwash effects in Western and Eastern China over the period 2000–2007. The empirical findings indicate that economies in both regions increasingly agglomerated in large cities; the marginal products of domestic capital and labor in the western region were, respectively, two‐thirds and half of those in the eastern region; FDI was more productive than domestic capital. Spatial econometric analysis reveals that the central cities in Western China had mild spread effects on each other and backwash effects on the nearby rural counties and, in contrast, the central cities in the eastern region competed with each other and had backwash effects on nearby rural counties but spread effects on neighboring county‐level cities. The paper draws several policy implications in relation to the improvement of factor inputs and construction of growth centers in the western region.     

我国东、中、西部地区经济增长差异的因素分析:1952～2005年

本文采用Solow的增长核算方法,对1952～2005年间我国东、中、西部地区经济增长差异的因素进行测算和分析。分析结果表明:①我国地区经济增长主要来自于资本积累,全要素生产率增长对经济增长的贡献不大,劳动投入的贡献非常小;②资本投入增长速度差异是地区增长差异的主要决定因素,促进区域协调发展,需要国家给予中、西部地区更多投资倾斜政策,同时中西部地区自身应注重基础设施,人才环境等投资环境的培育和完善以吸引外来投资;③地区增长差异在一定程度上表现为生产率增长差异,加快西部地区技术进步和效率改善速度,提高其全要素生产率是缩小我国地区增长差异、继续推进西部大开发战略的有效途径之一。     

中国区域物流产业技术进步及其影响因素研究

本文应用SFA模型评价我国区域物流业整体技术效率和全要素生产率,得出以下结论:我国物流产业TFP增长呈现震荡上升的趋势,其中东部地区TFP增长率相对较高,物流产业全要素生产率增长出现了一定的收敛趋势。引起全要素生产率增长率变化的主要因素是技术进步率和技术效率变化率。区域的经济发展水平、区域的市场化程度以及港口物流有助于提高我国区域物流的全要素生产率。     

中国区域生产效率与西部经济发展研究

文章利用1998—2008年的省级面板数据,通过SFA模型估计了估算了中国各省和三大区域1998—2008年的TFP水平及其效率变化和技术进步指数,研究发现要素投入差异是我国地区差距的主要决定因素之一。在此基础上,文章认为西部在TFP方面要想和东部地区缩小差距在短期相当困难,西部能够缩小和东部地区经济差距的最优路径就是使自身经济更开放,突破路径依赖和锁定效应,建立以中期以制造业为核心并重心逐渐向服务业转移的长期经济发展体制,动态提高区域TFP以缩小与东部地区的TFP和经济差距,以达到共同发展建立和谐社会的目标。     

西部地区财政科技支出的经济增长效应

科学技术是第一生产力,科技投入无论是在推动经济增长还是促进社会发展方面,都有着举足轻重的重要作用。通过协整检验、格兰杰因果检验等方法,研究2006年-2020年西部地区财政科技支出对区域经济增长的作用。实证结果表明,西部地区的财政科技支出与经济增长之间存在着长期的均衡关系。因此,应进一步加大及合理安排政府财政科技资金的投入,加强资金监管,提高资金使用效率,更好地促进经济发展与社会进步。     

Chinese Outward Foreign Direct Investment and Industrial Upgrading from the Perspective of Differences among Countries

This paper constructs a two‐sector model to identify the effects of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) in different countries on China's industrial upgrading and conducts an empirical analysis using provincial‐level panel data from 2003–2015. The results show that China can benefit from industrial upgrading via OFDI in developed countries by way of reverse technology spillover. This effect is significant in the eastern region, but not in the central and western regions. China can also benefit from industrial upgrading via OFDI in developing countries and countries along the Belt and Road through marginal industrial transfer. This effect is more significant in the central region, followed by the western and eastern regions. Our results imply that China should promote technology‐seeking OFDI in developed countries, and enhance efficiency‐seeking OFDI in developing countries, especially in countries along the Belt and Road.     

科普资源错配测度及差异性分析

矫正科普资源错配并提升其配置效率是实现中国创新发展的内在要求.构建科普资源错配模型并使用2006—2017年省级面板数据,对科普劳动、资本两类要素的错配程度及所造成的产出损失进行测度.结果表明:科普资源错配造成了10％～15％科普产出缺口,其中科普劳动错配占主导因素;测算劳动、资本错配系数显示,东部地区的科普劳动投入不足,中部、西部地区劳动投入过度,中部地区的科普资本投入不足,西部的科普资本投入过度;且在不增加科普投入的情况下,仅通过改善科普资源错配,可以使科普产出提高近10％.     

房价、土地供给对制造业产业结构升级的影响

本文将探讨房价和土地供给以及二者交互作用对制造业产业结构升级的影响机制,并对2009—2017年全国70个大中城市面板数据进行实证研究。结果表明:在全国范围内,房价对制造业产业结构升级有促进作用,不同地区之间存在异质性,东部促进效果最大,西部的影响作用最小;在全国范围内,土地供给增加阻碍制造业产业结构升级,但统计上不显著,划分区域后作用显著,东部有利于制造业结构升级,中、西部不利于制造业结构升级;在全国范围内,两者之间的交互项对制造业产生显著的负向影响,不同地区结果有差异,东部的交互项产生显著的正向影响,中、西部产生显著的负向影响。     

The effects of factor proximity and market potential on urban manufacturing output

This paper derives a NEG-style model that outlines several spatial spillover channels and examines the effects of proximities to spatially distributed factor supply and market demand on Chinese urban economies. A panel dataset of 283 prefecture or higher-level cities from 2003–2013 is used for the empirical analysis. The estimation shows that proximities to government expenditure on science and technology, to professionals in science and technology, and to the domestic and foreign markets all contribute to urban manufacturing growth, while concentrations of specialized labor force and producer services in neighboring cities have negative effects. The spatial effects of factor proximities and market potentials differ in China's three regions. Surprisingly, cities in the central region have the most significant gain from spillovers of factor supply, and cities in the eastern and western regions benefit substantially from the domestic and foreign markets. Policy implications are derived from the findings.     

中国西部地区经济增长源泉——基于人力资本与能源消费的双重约束

文章以中国经济发展相对落后的西部地区为研究对象,运用DEA方法将考虑人力资本与能源消费的经济增长分解为人力资本、复合物质资本、效率改善和技术进步四部分,探寻其经济增长的源泉,并对西部大开发前后进行了比较研究。发现以人力资本、物质资本和能源消费为代表的要素投入和以技术进步、效率提高为代表的全要素生产率对经济增长的推动作用几乎相等;但在西部大开发以后,以技术进步、效率提高为代表的全要素生产率对经济增长的推动作用呈现逐年上升的良好趋势。采用绝对收敛方程考察了中国西部地区经济增长与四类因素的收敛效应,发现中国西部地区出现了显著地经济收敛,而这种结果是技术效率、技术进步和物质资本积累的共同结果。采用Tobit模型深入分析了能源投入和人力资本对经济增长约束的传导机制,结果表明,中国西部地区经济增长可持续发展的重要源泉和动力在于转变经济增长方式。     

“Flying geese” in China: The textile and apparel industry's pattern of migration

China has large regional variations in both factor endowments and levels of economic development. In principle, some industrial enterprises will relocate to the inland regions from the coastal regions to take advantage of lower wage rates and land prices, provided that the regions are different enough. However, few studies have empirically tested whether this kind of “flying geese” pattern of domestic industrial relocation has occurred on the ground or not. Using data from the textile and apparel industry from 1998 to 2011, this paper shows the existence of the “flying geese” pattern of industrial relocation. Data show that before around 2005, the textile and apparel industry was clustered in the eastern region of China, but it has since shifted toward the central and western regions.     

China＇s Regional Inequality in Innovation Capability, 1995-2006

This paper assesses both interregional and intraregional innovation inequality in China from 1995 to 2006.It is revealed that the east-central-west inequality has increased over time,whereas the inter-provincial inequality showed a V-pattern until 2003;Both inequality measures oscillated from 2004 to 2006.Using a decomposition framework recently developed by one of the authors,we determined that the major factors driving innovation inequality are population,economic development level,R&D,location and openness.The aggravated innovation inequality reflects the growth of China’s innovation centers in the eastern region and their admission into the global innovation networks.The fact that R&D is a major factor driving the inequality suggests that,considered in the present study,the efficiency of R&D investment improved in certian regions during the period(1995-2006).Finally, geographic location and openness affect innovation inequality primarily through the coupled evolution of innovation capability and economic development,resulting in first-mover advantages to provinces of the eastern region.     

我国各省教育投资对经济增长贡献的实证分析

文章运用教育生产函数模型对中国各省市1996～2004年间教育投入对经济增长的贡献进行了计量分析,结果表明,总体上教育投入对经济增长具有十分显著的正影响。从地区间来看,东、中、西部地区教育投资对GDP增长的贡献由高到低呈梯次分布。由此提出了中国现时期应该采用"因地制宜"方针制定教育投资政策,实现各地区经济的稳定增长。     

贸易开放度、劳动力市场扭曲与全要素生产率——基于省级面板数据的实证分析

基于空间计量模型,使用中国省级层面数据探究劳动力市场扭曲程度和贸易依存度对地区全要素生产率的影响.研究结果表明,劳动力市场扭曲抑制了地区经济增长,贸易开放水平对经济发展有着正向促进作用.对比中国不同区域可以发现,东部地区在劳动力市场与国际贸易市场上发展较为完善,中西部地区还需缓和中西部地区农业部门与非农部门的劳动力市场不平衡、增加贸易对外开放程度、增加企业自主研发等方式来提升地区全要素生产率.     

Fiscal Decentralization and Economic Growth in China, 1994–2002

The question of whether fiscal decentralization has affected economic growth since the 1994 fiscal reform in China is interesting to both policy makers and economists. Using a simple model of endogenous growth that incorporates spending by different levels of government, and a panel data set for 30 provinces for the period of 1994–2002, this paper finds that fiscal decentralization contributes significantly to economic growth. This finding is consistent with the theoretical prediction that fiscal decentralization can increase economic efficiency. In addition, this paper attempts to investigate how the relationship between fiscal decentralization and provincial growth differs in the different regions considered. For this purpose, the 30 Chinese provinces and regions are categorized into three conventional economic belts that comprise the eastern, central, and western areas. This study finds that the effects of fiscal decentralization on economic growth vary among these three regions.     

高技术产业知识供应链的运行效率研究

合理配置科技领域知识供应链的投入产出规模,可以推动国家经济与科技实力的进一步发展。基于DEA模型和Malmquist指数模型对中国大陆30个省份2015—2020年高技术产业知识供应链运行效率及变动态势展开实证研究。结果发现,中国高技术产业知识供应链整体运行效率良好,处于上升趋势,区域间影响因素略有不同,东部地区运行效率良好,中部地区和西部地区综合技术效率和技术进步变动对运行效率影响最大,技术水平存在东部>中部>西部的发展格局。     

The Analysis of Rural Regional Disparity in China

Rural regional disparity has now become one of the most concerning problems in China. This paper attempts to show that the inequality is mainly caused by the uneven development of rural collectively owned enterprises (COEs). In the early 1990s, COEs accounted for more than 70% of rural regional inequality. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of current government policies for lessening regional disparity, we use a data envelopment analysis to measure the efficiency of COEs in the rural areas. The analysis shows that COEs in the eastern region are relatively more efficient than those in the central and western regions. To explain this, the potential sources of the COEs' production efficiency in different provinces are examined in detail. The production efficiency of Chinese COEs is found to be closely related to the employment of a shareholding cooperative system, foreign investment, skilled workers, and a bonus incentive scheme.