共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Cross-country comparison reveals an unusually small service sector in China. Using firm-level data from Chinas 2008 economic census, we find two facts that speak to a novel mechanism of misallocation within service and between manufacturing and service sectors. First, compared with the manufacturing sector, there are more stateowned enterprises and fewer entrants in the service sector. Second, markups increase with firm size, and the increase is more dramatic among service firms. We interpret these facts through the lens of a monopolistic competition model with heterogeneous firms and variable markups. A multisector model shows a new channel that translates asymmetric barriers to entry across sectors into sectoral markup differences, which in turn cause sectoral misallocation. Quantitative analysis shows that when reducing entry barriers to service firms to the extent observed for manufacturing firms, the model predicts a 12-percentage-point increase in the service employment share. 相似文献
2.
在提出测算地方政府隐性债务新方法的基础上,基于所测算的数据,从债务规模和债务结构的双重视角,全面分析地方政府债务对经济增长的影响。结果表明:就债务规模而言,当地方政府债务率相对较低时,增加债务有助于促进经济增长,但是当地方政府债务率相对较高时,进一步增加债务对经济增长的推动作用将会减弱。就债务结构而言,当地方政府的隐性债务占比过高时,地方政府债务的扩张会对经济增长产生更为显著的负向影响,这主要是因为隐性债务对民间投资的挤出作用更强。因此,防范与化解地方政府债务风险,不应采取"一刀切"的策略,而应从债务规模和债务结构两个视角综合考量,为各地量身打造防范与化解债务风险的最优策略。 相似文献
3.
This paper uses the dual approach to growth accounting to examine the role of total factor productivity (TFP) in recent Chinese growth. Most previous growth accounting studies on China have followed the primal approach, which depends heavily on the national income accounts. Unfortunately, despite efforts to rectify them, Chinese national income accounts data continue to have problems that affect primal approach growth accounting results. The dual approach, in contrast, allows independent price information to play a role. Recent research has focused on the following two questions: (i) How significant has TFP's role been in post‐reform Chinese growth? (ii) Has TFP growth rate slowed down in more recent years? This paper finds that: (i) the TFP growth rate for mainland China computed using the dual approach also proves high; and (ii) there has been some slowdown in TFP growth rate in recent years. 相似文献
4.
ESTIAN CALITZ STAN DU PLESSIS KRIGE SIEBRITS 《The South African journal of economics. Suid-afrikaanse tydskrif vir ekonomie》2011,79(2):161-172
The history of public debt reflects the cumulative effect of fiscal decisions and real outcomes in the economy. In the South African case the published record on public debt distorts the historical perspective on the associated fiscal decisions. This paper shows the impact of adjusting the South African public debt on an accrual basis to take account of two major obligations assumed in the first half of the 1990s, namely actuarial pension fund deficits and government debt of the apartheid homelands. The adjusted series is less volatile and rose less steeply between 1989 and 1996 than the official, cash‐based debt series. Failing to account for the evolution of these obligations exaggerates the impression of weak fiscal discipline in the early 1990s and exemplary fiscal prudence in preceding decades. 相似文献
5.
Kunyu Tao 《中国与世界经济(英文版)》2015,23(5):1-25
Strong credit expansion in China after the recent global financial crisis has brought local government financial vehicles (LGFV) into the spotlight. Rapid growth of LGFV has triggered concern about local government indebtedness, banks' asset quality and, more broadly, China's medium‐term financial stability and sovereign risk. This paper constructs a unique firm‐level dataset to evaluate the country's local government debt. We find an uneven distribution of LGFV, which are concentrated in the coastal areas, and a deterioration of their debt repaying ability from 2010 to 2012. We use principal component analysis (PCA) along with multivariate discriminate analysis (MDA) to identify the credit risk of LGFV based on conventional financial variables as well as local governments' fiscal status. We also estimate the safe boundaries of debt bearing at the provincial government level. The estimations reveal more severe local government debt risks in the middle‐western provinces and higher risks associated with LGFV at the municipal and county levels. Although it is very unlikely that there will be a national debt crisis in China, the high risk of LGFV should be noted and effectively controlled by improving the fiscal transparency of local governments and reforming the fiscal system. 相似文献
6.
José Augusto Lopes da Veiga Alexandra Ferreira‐Lopes Tiago Neves Sequeira 《The South African journal of economics. Suid-afrikaanse tydskrif vir ekonomie》2016,84(2):294-322
We analyse the relationship between public debt, economic growth and inflation in a group of 52 African economies between 1950 and 2012. The results indicate that the limits of public debt are negatively related to economic growth and exhibit, from a given level of debt, an inverted U behaviour regarding the relationship between economic growth and public debt. Briefly, the high levels of public debt are coincident with reduced rates of economic growth and rising levels of inflation. Our results for three specific geographical areas resemble those of the overall analysis, despite some differences. In North African countries, the growth rates of the gross domestic product (GDP) and inflation also show an inverted U behaviour as the ratio of public debt/GDP increases. The highest rate of economic growth is recorded when the ratio of public debt/GDP is below 30% of GDP and corresponds to an average inflation rate of 5.33%. An identical behaviour of the GDP growth rates and inflation also appears in Sub‐Saharan countries until the third interval (60–90%). However, the highest growth rate of the GDP and GDP per capita is registered when the public debt/GDP ratio is in the second interval (30–60%). For the countries of the Southern Africa Development Community, the highest average rate of economic growth (6.8%) is similar to North African countries, when the ratio public debt/GDP is below 30% of GDP, with an average inflation rate of 11%. A number of robustness analyses were performed and the great majority of them confirm the general analysis. 相似文献
7.
Waldo Krugell Hannelie Otto Jacky Van Der Merwe 《The South African journal of economics. Suid-afrikaanse tydskrif vir ekonomie》2010,78(3):307-323
In 1994, South Africa adopted the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) and emphasised the delivery of services to meet basic needs. Since then great strides have been made to redress past social inequalities. However, analysis of these successes have been limited to national or provincial aggregates, when much of the responsibility for meeting the RDP commitment lies at the local government level. The need for closer investigation is nonetheless clear from continuing protests over poor service delivery. This paper aims to shed more light on delivery at a local level by using data from the 2001 Census and 2007 Community Survey. The analysis involves the construction of a service delivery index for each municipality and analysis of variance to explain the changes in service delivery over the period 2001‐2007. The results show that improved service provision may require further urbanisation and densification. Also, local economic growth in itself may not be important, but it would contribute to the ability to pay for services and in that way aid delivery. 相似文献
8.
地区所处经济阶段差异会使地方政府行为激励产生异质性,进而影响地区举债压力弹性。从经济阈值效应的独特视角,探究不同经济门槛区间压力波动引起的地方政府举债行为变化,利用举债压力弹性解释地方政府债务规模扩张成因。基于我国283个地级市数据,构建门槛面板模型对理论假设进行经验检验。研究发现:从低到高的经济阈值区间下地方政府举债压力弹性翻倍增长,尤其是在第三经济阈值区间,举债规模扩张呈现加速度特征;财政压力对地方政府举债的刺激作用,只有在第三经济阈值区间才会得以释放;"土地财政"的存在强化了地方政府举债对压力变化的敏感度,并助推了地方政府举债压力的弹性波动。经济处于发达阶段的地方政府的举债压力敏感度,显著高于处于欠发达阶段的地方政府,因此,高水平的城市举债压力弹性及其潜在的债务风险应成为下一步关注的焦点。 相似文献
9.
BERNARD ATTARD 《Australian economic history review》2012,52(2):101-127
Warfare in New Zealand during the 1860s has recently been linked to the rise of the central state and growth of the national debt in that colony. This article argues that any parallel to the growth of the European fiscal‐military state is misguided. The fundamental cause of state centralisation and rising indebtedness was the same long‐run dynamic of colonial development active in all settler societies during the nineteenth century. The colonial state functioned, in part, to raise capital for development, and if necessary the colonial state would be remodelled in order to achieve this. New Zealand was no exception. 相似文献
10.
chun-ping chang yung-hsiang ying meng-chi hsieh 《The South African journal of economics. Suid-afrikaanse tydskrif vir ekonomie》2009,77(1):28-44
A main focus of this paper is our analysis of the vote function using the vote share of government parties as the proxy variable for government popularity. Utilising Pedroni's (1999 ) panel cointegrated test and the fully modified OLS (FMOLS) technique, we empirically examine the long-run co-movement relationship in a bivariate model between government popularity and macroeconomic outcomes as well as a lag term in accordance with updated data for 11 countries of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) during the 1975-2005 period. The results indicate the existence of panel cointegration relationships in our empirical model. The panel FMOLS shows that several macroeconomic shocks are responsible for positive contributions to government popularity, especially in regard to economic growth and government expenditures. By contrast, currency depreciation, higher interest payments, and a greater taxation burden on households all contribute to lower government support in our sample countries. Based on such evidence, important policy implications emerge for ECOWAS. 相似文献
11.
随着我国地方政府债务规模的不断扩大,很多地方政府相继出台了地方政府债务管理规定,这些规定出自不同层级的地方政府,在内容上、形式上都存在诸多差异.文章搜集了28个样本的地方政府管理制度进行分析,以制度变迁理论为依据,根据我国地方政府财政资金管理的现实要求,提出在省级政府制定地方政府债务管理制度和省以下政府制定债务资金使用和监督的执行细则的债务管理制度体系,并构建了省级政府的债务管理制度的内容框架,旨在为地方政府有效地管理债务行为和提高债务资金的使用效果提供制度指引. 相似文献
12.
地方政府债务风险问题已经成为中国近来最受关注的问题之一,风险预警研究则成为风险可控与债务管理最关键的一道防线.通过选择多个角度梳理有关文献,总结归纳经验方法,结合中国实情确定未来研究方向.风险预警模型的发展路径经历了“简单指标-综合指标”的趋势,且综合指标的分类、选择及赋权方法多样;研究方法也从一般化的建模理论到特例经验分析.中国地方政府债务问题因为其分税制改革历程的特殊性、官员激励方式不完善以及其他特有因素影响,需要结合信息透明度发展与更成熟的风险预警模型进行研究,接受更严格的管理与综合治理. 相似文献
13.
Financial development might lead to productivity improvement in developing countries. In the present study, based on the Data Envelopment Analysis approach, we use the Malmquist index to measure China's total factor productivity change and its two components (i.e., efficiency change and technical progress). We find that China has recorded an increase in total factor productivity from 1993 to 2001, and that productivity growth was mostly attributed to technical progress, rather than to improvement in efficiency. Moreover, using panel dataset covering 29 Chinese provinces over the period from 1993 to 2001 and applying the Generalized Method of Moment system estimation, we investigate the impact of financial development on productivity growth in China. Empirical results show that, during this period, financial development has significantly contributed to China's productivity growth, mainly through its favorable effect on efficiency. 相似文献
14.
PHILIPPE BURGER IAN STUART ALFREDO CUEVAS 《The South African journal of economics. Suid-afrikaanse tydskrif vir ekonomie》2012,80(2):209-227
How does the South African government react to changes in its debt position? In investigating this question, this paper estimates fiscal reaction functions using various methods (ordinary least squares, threshold autoregressive, state‐space modelling and vector error‐correction model). This paper finds that since 1946, the South African government has run sustainable fiscal policy by reducing the primary deficit or increasing the surplus in response to rising debt. Looking ahead, this paper considers the use of fiscal reaction functions to forecast the debt/gross domestic product (GDP) ratio and gauging the likelihood of achieving policy goals with the aid of probabilistic simulations and fan charts. 相似文献
15.
This study investigates whether the tax‐sharing system has deteriorated the fiscal capacity of subnational governments by analyzing how fiscal revenues are divided between provincial and sub‐provincial governments. Our study of county‐level fiscal data from Zhejiang Province in China during 1994–2007 shows that intra‐provincial revenue‐sharing rules favor county governments in two ways: (i) they improve county governments ‘fiscal autonomy in terms of using their own revenues; and (ii) they enhance county governments ‘fiscal capacity through province‐to‐county general transfers. In addition, we find that intra‐provincial fiscal revenue‐sharing rules and transfers reduce fiscal disparity between counties. 相似文献
16.
政府债务规模和风险是一级政府关注的重点问题。从财政分权和省级官员特征两个维度,本文考察了地方政府债务规模的影响因素,并在此基础上进一步研究财政分权程度和省级官员特征对地方政府债务规模的交互影响作用。通过2010-2014年30个省级政府的实证数据进行混合OLS回归,研究发现财政分权程度越高,地方政府债务规模越小。省级官员的年龄过大或过小都会使地方政府债务规模的减小,同时具有企业工作背景的省长和省委书记也会抑制地方政府债务规模的扩张,并且财政分权和省级官员特征对地方政府债务规模的影响是相互促进的。据此提出建议,合理控制地方政府债务膨胀。 相似文献
17.
基于全国2010—2019年30个省区市的面板数据,运用空间杜宾模型实证检验地方政府债务对人地城镇化失衡的影响。结果显示:人地城镇化失衡具有空间溢出效应;地方政府债务水平的提高加剧了人地城镇化失衡;分区域来看,相较于东部地区,中西部地区地方政府债务对人地城镇化失衡的正向作用更为突出。基于此,提出深入地方政府政绩考核体系改革和增强地方债务支出结构管理的建议。 相似文献
18.
中国的地方政府性债务规模逐年增长,蕴藏的风险亦在逐年放大,本文从商业银行经营的视角对地方政府性债务风险进行分析,并对商业银行如何控制其风险提出方案,以期实现商业银行与地方政府债务的良好结合。 相似文献
19.
研究以2009-2019年沪深两市战略性新兴产业上市公司为研究样本,通过构建强度双重差分模型,利用地方政府债务管理体制改革作为准自然实验,系统考察债务治理政策对产业创新绩效的影响机制及其区域异质性。研究发现:(1)债务治理政策显著提升战略性新兴产业创新绩效,该效应在替换核心变量、排除不同政策干扰以及变换计量方法保持稳健;(2)机制分析显示政策通过缓解企业融资约束、增加研发投入强度及优化区域营商环境三条路径传导;(3)异质性效应表明政策效果在西部地区、高融资需求企业及高行政级别城市尤为显著。研究结论为债务治理与产业创新的动态关系提供了微观证据,揭示了财政体制改革影响技术创新的非线性特征,为协调防范金融风险与培育新质生产力的政策设计提供了计量支撑。 相似文献
20.