城市交通拥堵问题研究综述

从经济学、工程学、管理学三个方面详细综述了交通拥堵问题的成因和对策,最后对交通拥堵研究中存在的问题和未来发展的趋势进行了总结和展望.     

我国老城区交通缓堵对策研究

针对我国城市老城区交通拥堵日益严重的现状,以老城区交通拥堵问题为研究对象,阐述了目前导致我国老城区出现交通拥堵的原因,针对性提出了缓解我国老城区交通拥堵的主要对策。     

以博弈论和经济学视角分析交通拥堵问题

为了有效地解决交通拥堵问题,运用博弈论中非零和博弈的两个模型和微观经济学中的有关知识对交通拥堵的根本原因进行了分析,之后列举了当今社会所采用的一些措施,并分析了其弊端,最后提出解决方案。分析结果表明:措施可以有效地缓解交通拥堵。     

城市交通拥堵问题的经济学分析

本文从经济学供需理论出发,对我国城市交通拥堵问题及可能解决方案进行分析。本文先从经济学供求关系角度解释交通拥堵问题的成因,接着分析了现有解决交通拥堵问题的方案的优缺点。从供求角度来看,现有方案较难从根本上解决交通拥堵问题。因此本文尝试论证征收城市交通拥堵费的的必要性和可行性,提出解决我国城市交通拥堵问题的新方案。     

关于限行政策研究的文献综述

城市交通问题的关键是交通拥堵的问题。交通拥堵给人们的生活带来很多不便,也阻碍了城市的发展。机动车限行政策成为了北京等大城市治理交通拥堵的选择。因此,我们综述了近年来国内外学者在限行政策方面的研究成果,以期能对解决问题有所帮助。     

昆明交通拥堵问题分析与对策研究

昆明是云南省的省会,是云南的政治、经济、文化中心,是我国历史文化名城之一。随着现代化进程的加快、城镇化的快速发展、人民生活水平的不断提高,昆明的小汽车占有量也不断增多,早期的道路交通规划已经不能满足现在的交通发展,和其他城市一样昆明出现了普遍性的交通拥堵问题,严重影响了人们的生活,很大程度上阻碍了社会进步与经济发展。本文首先从昆明交通拥堵现状来进行分析,找出导致交通拥堵的原因,最后提出缓解交通拥堵的对策。     

老城区交通拥堵原因及缓解策略建议——以重庆市鱼洞片区为例

本文以老城区重庆鱼洞片区为研究对象,以片区交通拥堵原因为导向,通过交通政策引导、优化公共交通、完善道路系统等措施缓解鱼洞片区交通拥堵问题。本文通过提出老城区缓堵策略,以期对解决我国老城区交通拥堵问题提供一定的参考。     

关于城市交通拥堵的探讨

新世纪以来,交通拥堵问题一直都是影响和困扰城市发展的主要难题,也是制约城市经济发展的重中之重。这种现象在大中型城市表现的尤为明显,由于交通拥堵而造成的时间浪费、经营成本上升、交通事故增加以及环境污染加剧等现象屡见不鲜,严重影响着城市居民的生活、工作,更是增加了社会经济成本,严重阻碍和制约着国民经济发展。本文就城市交通堵塞问题进行分析,针对其存在原因和现状做了简要分析,并提出相关的应对措施与策略,以其能够从根本上解决我国交通拥堵问题,从而使得广大百姓受益。     

城市交通拥堵分析与和谐交通建设探讨

近年来西安市经济持续稳定快速发展,推动了西安市城市国际化的进程。随之而来的城市人口、车辆的剧增,城市人口流动性需求的增强,加速了对快速、和谐出行需求的增长。但城市的建设速度远低于人口规模和车流增长速度,进而产生了一系列社会、经济、环境等城市问题,最直接的表现是骤增的交通流与城市交通供给滞后性所引发的交通拥堵问题。日趋严重的交通拥堵现象已成为城市国际化进程的瓶颈,制约了城市的可持续发展。对当前西安城区交通拥堵问题进行剖析,指出城市交通发展的短中长发展策略,进一步使城市交通趋于和谐,促进城市国际化健康发展。     

杭州市交通拥堵治理对策研究

随着工业化、城市化进程的加快,越来越多的人口和资源涌入城市。城市居住人口密度不断加大,出行越来越拥挤,城市交通拥堵已经成为困扰国内外大城市发展的一个普遍性难题。杭州地处长三角的腹地,近年来随着经济和旅游业的快速发展,交通拥堵问题已经成为制约杭城发展的一个难题。因此,当前亟需结合杭州市的城市特点,借鉴发达国家城市治理交通拥堵的经验,提出解决杭州市交通拥堵问题的策略和方法。     

电子音乐流派的社会变革(英文)

从社会和政治变化、电子音乐流派的发展,形成了电子音乐,科学和技术的发展对电子音乐有重大的影响。他们是四个不同历史时期的发展——未来派,法西斯主义,达达派、电子音乐的时期。从最早使用:麦架,嘘声,窃窃私语,爆炸等。音乐和表达感情的表现,在阶级斗争,政治变革和经济危机、发展迅速的电子音乐,用在许多不同的零件,例如播放音乐、电影、电视等,都成了一个必不可少的组成部分的音乐市场。     

The Geography of Innovation in China and India

The BRICS countries in general, and China and India in particular, are now widely regarded as the areas of the world likely to challenge the economic leadership of the United States (US) and the European Union (EU). A large part of this challenge will come from rapid technological catch‐up by China and India. Yet, despite a recent rise in interest, there is limited knowledge about how and where innovation takes place in these two leading emerging countries and to what extent the Chinese and Indian territorial systems of innovation differ from those in the EU or the US. In this article we explore the geography of innovation in China and India, concentrating on understanding key territorial‐level innovation trends by country, region and technology field, using the US and the EU as benchmarks. We find significant contrasts between the geography of innovation in China and India and that of the US and the EU. First, the degree of concentration of innovative activities in both countries is extremely high. Levels of agglomeration of innovation in the coastal provinces of China, as well as in Delhi and the South of India, significantly exceed the levels of agglomeration found in the USA and the EU. Secondly, China has witnessed a more rapid increase in the degree of concentration of innovation than India. We posit that the differences in the geography of innovation between, on the one hand, China and India and, on the other hand, between these countries and the developed world are rooted in different institutional settings, different systems of innovation and different national innovation strategies.     

WHAT'S TO KNOW ABOUT THE CREDIBILITY OF EMPIRICAL ECONOMICS?

The scientific credibility of economics is itself a scientific question that can be addressed with both theoretical speculations and empirical data. In this review, we examine the major parameters that are expected to affect the credibility of empirical economics: sample size, magnitude of pursued effects, number and pre‐selection of tested relationships, flexibility and lack of standardization in designs, definitions, outcomes and analyses, financial and other interests and prejudices, and the multiplicity and fragmentation of efforts. We summarize and discuss the empirical evidence on the lack of a robust reproducibility culture in economics and business research, the prevalence of potential publication and other selective reporting biases, and other failures and biases in the market of scientific information. Overall, the credibility of the economics literature is likely to be modest or even low.     

Engineering Cities: Mediating Materialities,Infrastructural Imaginaries and Shifting Regimes of Urban Expertise

This symposium opens up new critical insights and analytical perspectives into the relationships between power, politics, materiality and urban engineering. In so doing it demonstrates the central role of engineers in the production and negotiation of everyday life in the city. In contrast to the technocratic exercise engineering often professes to be, the contributors to this symposium argue that the assembling and choreography of cities through the myriad techniques, routines, standards and visions of engineers is inextricably bound up with broader socio‐cultural, material and political urban dynamics and processes. This necessitates investigating the multiple and competing social imaginations, forms of knowledge and regimes of expertise associated with urban engineering. The symposium's five articles, straddling disciplinary backgrounds in geography, anthropology, engineering and history, focus analytical and empirical attention on the figure of the engineer and on the work of engineering in the cities of Paris, Mumbai, Singapore and London. Engineering, we suggest, is a diagnostic for probing the shifting forms of mediation that animate and inhabit contemporary dynamics of urban change. The symposium thus opens up a new avenue for cross‐disciplinary and transregional research for urban studies while also suggesting innovative ways of conceptualizing urban transformation and contestation.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

控保建筑价值确定的影响因素与估值探索——以苏州为例

控保建筑作为一种特殊的房地产类型,在价值(价格)的评估方面有其特殊原则、特别考虑因素和特有估价方法和途径,实施估值的人员必须站在较长时间序列的背景下,在充分了解和掌握建筑物的文化背景、历史背景、技法背景的前提下,从建筑本体和外部两个角度,给予历史、艺术和科学的价值估算。     

Supply Chain Strategies in the UK Fashion Industry—The Rhetoric of Partnership and Realities of Power

This paper focuses on the fashion industry, one characterised by issues such as dramatic shifts in the scale and power of major retail buyers in the market, the advent of retailer own brands, and the nature of sourcing and supply chain decisions, issues that are increasingly global in nature. The aim of this research is to explore the nature of relationships between UK high street multiple fashion retailers and their contracted suppliers, many of whom are entrepreneurial firms by most definitions of the term. Four core themes emerge from the literature and provide a framework for the research, namely, power, process, partnership, and people. The research approach was qualitative, and conducted over a period of twelve months. The paper ends with an agenda for future research.     

浅论保险与理财

随着财富的增加,人们越来越意识到保险的重要性,但是许多人仍不清楚保险与理财的关系,以及如何使用保险产品。本文从保险与理财的关系出发,阐述了保险规划的流程,并详细分析了保险理财中应注意保险的本质、功能、社会保险的意义、购买保险的目的以及把握购买时机等问题。     

Bourdieu Comes to Town: Pertinence,Principles, Applications

This article frames the themes of the two‐part Interventions section ‘Bourdieu Comes to Town’. I first establish the pertinence of Bourdieu's sociology for students of the city by revisiting his youthful work on power, space, and the diffusion of urban forms in provincial Béarn and colonial Algeria. In both cases, urbanization is the key vector of transformation, and the city, town, or camp the site anchoring the forces dissolving the social fabric of the French countryside and overturning French imperialism in North Africa. These early studies establish that all social and mental structures have spatial correlates and conditions of possibility; that social distance and power relations are both expressed in and reinforced by spatial distance; and that propinquity to the center of accumulation of capital (economic, military, or cultural) is a key determinant of the force and velocity of social change. Next, I discuss four principles that undergird Bourdieu's investigations and can profitably drive urban inquiry: the Bachelardian moment of epistemological rupture, the Weberian invitation to historicize the agent (habitus), the world (social space) and the categories of the analyst (epistemic reflexivity); the Leibnizian‐Durkheimian imperative to deploy the topological mode of reasoning; and Cassirer's command to heed the constitutive efficacy of symbolic structures. The plasticity and productivity of his concepts suggest that Bourdieu can not only energize urban inquiry but also merge it into a broader analytic of the trialectic of symbolic division, social space, and the built environment. This paves a pathway for reconceptualizing the urban as the domain of accumulation, differentiation and contestation of manifold forms of capital, which makes the city a central ground, product, and prize of historical struggles.     

新时期城市空间的流动特征

基于新时期城市所面临的全球化、信息化与城市化共同作用的多重发展背景,从城市空间出现的距离消失、新边界产生、功能混合与城市空间多维化等转变的研究出发,分析了新时期城市的办公、居住、商业与工业等功能空间流动的新特征。