Analysis of China＇s Renewable Energy Development under the Current Economic and Technical Circumstances

At present, the development of renewable energy relies mainly on government support. The government invests in a considerable number of projects to improve public welfare and to assist in poverty relief If China is to replace fossil fuels on a large scale with renewable energy sources, the production costs and prices of renewable energy must be brought down. All countries are facing the challenge of moving to a more secure and low-carbon energy system without weakening economic and social development. In this regard, China is facing an even greater challenge in terms of economic cost, as cheap coal remains the main energy form. Technical innovation and industrialization in the area of renewable energy is an important means of lowering cost. China is in for a period of high-speed development of its economy and the rising demand for energy is irreversible. If the technical progress and development speed of renewable energy lags behind the growth in demand, it will be difficult to realize the improvement of its energy structure.     

Basic Evaluation of the Process of China＇s Industrial Modernization

As China will change from a large industrial power into a strong industrial power in the 21st century, the inevitable demand is for industrial modernization. This paper puts forward three criteria for judging the degree of realization of industrial modernization: industrial growth efficiency, industrial structure and industrial environment. Together with these, it constructs an indicator system and indices for evaluating the level of industrial modernization, and uses this indicator system to evaluate the level of China‘s industrial modernization at the tam of the century. The resulting comprehensive index of China‘s industrial modernization is 28. 72. This indicates that, through the rapid industrialization which has taken place over more than 20 years of reform and opening up, China has commenced its industrial modernization, which is now in the primary stage of development. The core of the strategy for further development should be to accelerate the process of industrial modernization.     

Future Career Success for Teachers of ESP in Teacher Professionalization

To be a qualified teacher in the new age, teachers of ESPEnglish for Specific their professional awareness： teachers are professionals and educators. A profession needs constant upgrade of the knowledge in the field. It requires continuous development for teachers who are engage in the field. It also takes a lot of research efforts to ensure is success and efficiency in operation. More than that, teachers of ESP the professionals in the near future, should also set another two criteria for themselves. They are occupation awareness and career success. To make it more accurate, the thesis tries to have a small discussian over the criteria and bring some acceleration to teachers ofES s professional development.     

Creativity and Innovation as Strategic Resources in International Business Markets

This study focuses on Medium-Sized Multinationals （MSMs） that belong to the sectors of mechanics and electronics, and that operate in dynamic international business markets. This work aims to investigate how international marketing strategies are based and maybe in some cases actually heavily dependent on the capacity to form and enhance skills in design, engineering, and production activities, and on the propensity to invest more resources in research and development （R＆D） activities as well as in activities that are more strictly speaking production based （manufacturing）. Undoubtedly, in a global and dynamic business, creative knowledge is one of the key resources that firms must possess in order to take up international strategies successfully. Creativity and innovation are strategic resources for all firms, including those of a medium size and even more for those that belong to the so-called ＂traditional sectors＂. This study also has the objective of examining the influence of the structure and composition of a technological MSMs international alliance portfolio in order to understand which forms of international collaboration are more opportunities for firms that aspire to increasing their know-how and taking up new and more sophisticated forms of exploratory innovation. The present work highlights the results of an empirical research that were carried out during the years 2000-2009. The research involved more than 80 firms of the mechanical and electronics department in the Marche region in Italy.     

Estimates regarding demographic developments in Romania by quantitative and qualitative assessments

The enlargement of the European Union and the liberalization of the labour market will substantially influence the demographic indicators in New Member States. The paper aims to identify and synthetically present some factors of influence which triggered by the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century a series of characteristics defining the changes of the demographic model and structure of population on age brackets. Romania＇s population lost in the period 1992-2007 about 1250 thousands persons, which represents more than the population increase effort by restrictive policies （abortion prohibition） during the period 1977-1992. Also, this paper presents the most important factors that determine the demographic decline beginning in the last decade of the 20th century, both at national and regional levels. For Romania, another phenomenon is represented by the demographic dregs due to the emigration of the feminine population of fertile age. The increase of the share of female population in the emigration flows became more noticeable in the period 2002-2007. Supposing that from those women who migrate, less than 2/3 are going to give birth to children abroad, （1.3 represents the fertility rate at present）, we can estimate, for example, that during the period 2000-2007 Romania has lost more than 69,099 persons. The paper presents some theoretic considerations on the Markov-type model, and the results obtained by using it for studying the development of demographic indicators in Romania, and their forecasting as well.     

中印经济之比较(英文)

The rapidly unfolding success stories of China and India are perhaps the best things tohave happened in the development realm over the last half a century or so. Otherwise, thepost-war development literature had, for most of the time, to talk only about the little Asiantigers while China and India provided attractive sites for dissertations on poverty.The fact that these two new stars of the developing world are neighbors adds to theinterest. It is hard to avoid a comparison between the two.…     

Game analysis on enterprise technological innovation

In 21^st century, the world economy has developed to a brand-new stage, and enterprises competition has formed a new trend. At the same time, technological innovation has already become the most important foundation of the core enterprise competitiveness. In China, there are more than 22 million enterprises with different scales. Although they contribute a lot to the economic development of China, their survival and development meet gigantic challenges in the intense international competition. Therefore, it is vitally significant seeks the impulse of technological innovation and enhances the international competitiveness in order that the enterprise can make the new contribution to Chinese economic development. Through describing the present enterprises＇ scale, quantity and contribution, this paper puts forward the game question of studying technological innovation motives and costs in enterprises with different scales. Based on examples, it analyzes advantages and disadvantages of large, medium and small-sized enterprises to take technological innovation, finds out i.he Nash equilibrium between static games and infinitely repeated games, and draws the conclusion that technological innovation is necessary for medium and small-sized enterprises keeping their existence in drastic competitive market, and the large innovation is the great impulse pushing economic development. In the drastic international competition, it is very urgent for enterprises with different scales to establish and implement effective development strategy of technological innovation. The paper not only brings forward that large, medium and small-sized enterprises should adopt co-petition strategies in technological area, associating complementary and benefit from each other in order that they can achieve innovative corporation, specialization, formalization and standardization, but considers the associated innovation with win-win target. The inevitable best choice keeping different scale enterprises continually develop in the future.     

Human Development Potentials and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Developing World

This analysis suggests that the concept of human development potentials has two dimensions: the rights and limits to human development. This conceptual understanding is supported by results from the empirical examination of the relationship between the demands for carbon emissions and the other elements of human development. As human development in the rich countries is close to its potential     

The Development of China＇s Electronics Industry： Causes and Constraints

The development of China‘s electronics industry can be attributed to supportive government policies, strong domestic market demand and the opportunities provided by the international transfer of technology in the electronic manufacturing sector. China‘s enterprises can only continue to develop through technological upgrading due to the lack of core technologies of their own. Since this process is still ongoing, China has not become a competitive country in the field of electronic technology. As a country in transition, government initiatives designed to encourage the development of the electronics industry have also undergone changes in line with economic institutional reform. Direct government intervention policies have been gradually replaced by indirect regulatory policies and the market is playing a more and more important role in the electronics industry.     

Financial Development, Economic Growth and Adaptive Efficiency： A Comparison between China and Pakistan

The strong economic growth in China is difficult to reconcile with its inefficient financial system. The puzzle of China＇s financial development and growth can be explained through a dynamic criterion of adaptive efficiency, rather than through allocative efficiency. Using the framework of an autoregressive distributed lag model, the present paper tests the hypothesis that the GDP growth rate is dependent on financial development along with other variables in China and Pakistan. The hypothesis cannot be rejected in both cases. However, the results show that economic growth has a negative relationship with credit to the private sector in China. We conclude that financial development is a source of China＇s high growth rate and that the banking system is still under an evolutionary process, involving the pursuit of social objectives instead of the sole objective of profit maximization. Our results provide some implications for other developing countries like Pakistan.     

Exploring China's Potential Child Poverty

This paper estimates child poverty in China using 20IS data from the China Household Income Project.Applying the Alkire-Foster drawer approach,we constructed a multidimensional poverty indicator system that accounted for multiple factors contributing to a child's development and well-being,based on which we estimated multidimensional poverty experienced by children.Children s poverty varied by age,gender,rural/urban settings,and geographic region.By extending the Alkire-Foster drawer approach,two important features of child poverty in China were found,which had normally been neglected by per capita poverty measures:poor children in nonpoor families and unequal allocations to different children within the same families.The results showed that more than 40 percent of multidimensionally poor children lived in nonpoor families.Unequal resource allocation within families was observed in half of the families.These two features of child poverty require more policy attention and the Chinese government should prioritize addressing multidimensional child poverty.     

Making Fortune from Football

Football was destined to be more than sportsince it was born in the industrialized society.The development of football has always beenaccompanied by commercial interests.Such fa-mous men of the day as media magnate RupertMurdoch achieved their success in other fieldsafter making big money from football.In China,football paved the way for a very famous femalereporter to reach happiness and for a group ofsuccessful professional footballers like Zhang Luand Hao Dong,who feel about football thi…     

The Development of TV ＆ Internet in China

By reviewing the historical development process of TV ＆ Internet and comparing the different characteristics and functions of the two most important mass media in the 21st century, the paper focuses on the crucial competition and challenge between them and then puts forward some constructive innovation strategies on how to manage and develop the two mass media more effectively and more harmoniously for a wide and prosperous future.     

Brazilian Micro-enterprises＇ An Exploratory Study on Marketing Strategies

This article aims to present the main marketing concepts applied by Brazilian micro-enterprises within a brief contextualization of a marketing plan. The methodology involved qualitative research development applied at the Trianon Fair, traditional event on Sundays on the sidewalks of the AvenidaPaulista in the city of Silo Paulo. Another research was carried out involving non-probabilistic sample with micro-businesses from various segments in the city that were chosen for their accessibility. From the results, product characteristics were elaborated, pricing, and distribution, that compose the application analyses of the marketing tools for micro-businesses and theoretical evolution have stemmed from the bibliographical research as well as field research and observational studies by the authors of the article. The goal is not to exhaust the topic nor to construct a Marketing Plan, but rather to contribute to the discussion, learning, and use of a marketing mix in the segment of micro-enterprises in a more assertive manner. It was concluded that there is no doubt as to the importance of micro-enterprises for any country. His contribution lies mainly in optical innovation and creativity because these companies can test new models of work, management, products, and services. It should be noted that micro-enterprises are greatly responsible for job generation in our country, denoting their prominent social and ecological perspective. More than a transient way of earning money, the reality of micro-enterprises should be considered as a social and economic phenomenon capable of generating regional and, consequently, global growth.     

A Lesson Learned from the Comparison of Bank Interest Rate in US and UK

According to the interest board, the current account interest and the loan interest rate vary from banks to countries. Both the current account interest and loan interest of US banks are lower than those of UK banks. And the spread between the two interest rates is greater in UK than that in US. Why is that？ The central banks base rates are always the reference interest rates for other banks when setting up the interest rates of their own. And the economy situation in that country may be a factor that affects the spread. Moreover, these two aspects link to each other. In this paper, we will look deeply into the economic situation and the pattern of change in the central bank interest rates in US and UK, hopefully we can bum a light to figure out the trend of change in bank interest rates.     

What Do Employers Want？ Views of Chinese and Canadian Job Seekers

I. Introduction Countries differ significantly in culture, and cultural differences affect businesses operation (Hofstede, 1980). East–West cultural differences can lead to confusion and misunderstanding. In order to obtain a better understanding of these issues, many studies have been conducted in the past two decades. In general, Chinese have been found to be more oriented towards collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, and power distance than Canadians (Hofstede, 1980, 2001; Ralston et al,…     

Exporting National Champions： China＇s Outward Foreign Direct Investment Finance in Comparative Perspective

We examine the extent to which Chinese development banks have financed the globalization of China＇s ＂national champion ＂firms： specifically, through outward foreign direct investment （OFDI）. We create a database of Chinese fnance for OFDI and compare our results to the existing literature and available data on Japan, Korea and other Asian nations. We estimate the total value of China＇s OFDI finance from 2002 to 2012 at US$14Obn. As a percentage of total OFDI, China＇s lending is roughly three times higher than Japan ＇s, the previous global leader in OFDl finance. We identify two major reasons for China＇s high （31 percent） ratio of OFDl lending to total OFDI. First, China has a greater incentive to give OFDI loans than Japan or Korea ever did because its borrowers are statelowned so it can more easily channel funds to targeted areas. Second, China has a greater capacity to give OFDI loans because it has significantly higher savings and foreign exchange reserves than Japan and Korea.     

Measuring the Quality of Life in the Workplace （QLW） Through Job Diagnostic Survey （JDS）： Comparative Study on Two Legal Nature Differentiated Organizations

The article presents a theoretical-empirical reflection about concepts, models, and practices of Quality of Life at Work （QLW） in organizations of different legal nature. The initial proposition of the research suggested that private organizations, that are more susceptible to competitive pressures in the market for resources and the uncertainties regarding the employability tend to have worse indicators of QLW than the public organizations that exhibit greater control over their influx of resources and greater stability in jobs that are offered. The literature review included the concepts and models of QLW as well as the characteristics and application methodology of the Job Diagnostic Survey （JDS）, and your score on Task Motivational Potential （TMP）, as instruments of evaluating the dimensional indicators of QLW in organizations. In methodological terms, we proceeded to a multiple case study comparative, supported by the application of the reduced version of JDS, through its questionnaire that has already been validated in previous studies in two organizations, a private foundation supporting university and a public company of electricity supply, both located in the State of Amazonas-Brazil. The research findings using the JDS instrument indicated failed to detect significant differences between the scores of TMP between the two organizations, nor any robust correlation between their respective legal personalities and environments of institutional performance. Nevertheless, the small differences found suggest a framework of indicators of QLW slightly more favorable to the foundation of university support.     

Economic Analysis on Emissions Trading of China

With the development of China＇s economy, the environmental pollution becomes more and more serious. The economic crux of environmental pollution is external diseconomy; it causes the market malfunction. To solve the problem of environmental pollution, the government needs to take measures to carry on essential intervention to the market. Government interference includes administrative measures characterized of orders and controls and the economic means based on market; the latter mainly includes two kinds of measure： emissions charge and emissions trading. On the contrary, emissions trading have great advantages; it is on terms that the gross control index of disposal of pollutants is confirmed, using the market mechanism, through emissions trading between the polluters, to achieve the low cost pollution control.