Metaphor's validity in marketing research

Using metaphor is widespread in management and marketing because it provides creativity. However, metaphor's validity is seldom investigated. This article offers an analysis of the validity of metaphor using three steps: (1) analysis of the metaphor's source concept, (2) analysis of the metaphor's aptness, and (3) analysis of the process of metaphor generation. These three steps have been applied to investigate the validity of two very well‐known metaphors in marketing: product life cycle and brand personality. Results show these two metaphors lack validity when analyzed using the three steps. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Consumer perceptions of environmental marketing claims: an exploratory study

This paper reports the results of research which examined consumer perceptions of 10 environmental claims: degradable, biodegradable, no CFCs, safe for the environment, environmentally friendly, compostable, recycled, pre-consumer waste, post-consumer waste, and recyclable. Implications for policy makers and future research are identified.     

The effect of organizational justice, perceived organizational support, and perceived supervisor support on marketing employees' level of trust

For more than four decades, research has investigated the relationship between perceptions of organizational justice and employees' work attitudes. This study used two data sets to examine how perceptions of organizational justice influence marketing employees' perceived support and trust. Specifically, this study examines the role of perceived support as a mediator between organizational justice and trust. The results indicate that in Study 1 perceived organizational support (POS) serves as a mediator between procedural justice and organizational trust. Interactional justice is both a direct and indirect predictor of supervisory trust through perceived supervisor support (PSS). Distributive justice is related indirectly to organizational trust through PSS and directly to organizational trust. In contrast to the results in Study 1, distributive justice is an antecedent to both POS and PSS while procedural justice is related directly to organizational trust.     

基于解释水平调节作用的自我形象一致研究

通过构建自我形象一致、品牌信任、解释水平和品牌忠诚的模型,本文发现自我形象一致对品牌忠诚的直接影响不显著,但是会通过情感信任和认知信任间接地影响品牌忠诚;解释水平会调节自我形象一致对品牌信任的影响,高解释水平者自我形象一致对情感信任和认知信任的影响要强于低解释水平者的影响。因此,自我形象一致能够积极影响品牌忠诚。     

Implications of perceived competitive advantages,adaptation of marketing tactics and export commitment on export performance

The aim of this exploratory paper is to fill an important gap in the international marketing literature by examining the influence of firm behavior in foreign markets (export commitment and adaptation of marketing tactics) on perceived competitive advantages and export performance. Using a sample of 150 Spanish export firms, the study found that firms that are more committed to their foreign markets are more willing to adapt elements of the marketing program. These firms also perform better in foreign markets. Moreover, the results also point out that adapting marketing tactics does not have direct effects on export performance, although it does have on the achievement of perceived competitive advantages in foreign markets, which positively influence export performance.     

传统营销、现代营销、关系营销互融的成功实践

<正> 在渤海之滨——天津塘沽,有一家企业在短短的3年内发展成为了中国北方最大的建材专业批发市场,它就是天津华北建材陶瓷批发市场(以下简称"华北陶瓷市场")。华北陶瓷市场是由天津市塘沽区华翔商贸有限公司投资1.2亿元与当地政府联合兴建的大型建材陶瓷专业批发市场。该市场主要经营建筑陶瓷系列产品及卫生洁具、进口及国产大理石和花岗岩产品等,市场内的300多家承租客商来自全国14个省市自治区,产品销售辐射河北、山西、内蒙古、山东以及东北地区。2000年该市场被天津市政府评为"先进市场",2001年被评为天津市商品交易市场20强之一。     

When more likes is not better: the consequences of high and low likes-to-followers ratios for perceived account credibility and social media marketing effectiveness

Previous research on social media marketing assumes that the more followers or “likes” an individual or company has on social media, the better. The current research is the first that challenges this assumption by showing that people make inferences about the credibility of social media accounts based on the number of likes a post receives relative to the size of its likely audience. The findings indicate that high as well as low likes-to-followers ratios negatively influence the perceived credibility of the account and, as such, dampen social media marketing effectiveness. The addition of hashtags is identified as a way to guard against the negative impact of high likes-to-followers ratios. Managers, (aspiring) influencers, and people in general involved in (personal) branding on social media can use the present findings to maximize the effectiveness of their social media marketing strategy.

     

绿色营销理论初探及我国企业绿色营销战略浅析

主要阐述了绿色营销概念,分析了绿色营销理论的特点,简述绿色营销意义,并依据绿色营销理念来确立我国企业国际绿色营销的战略.     

破产债权的特征及认定原则

本论文主要介绍的是破产宣告前的原因成立,并且由破产债权的界定.其次,介绍新旧破产界限的区别主要是清偿债务的问题上.     

用原始的营销方式创出骄人的营销业绩——记湖北安琪酵母股份有限公司“酵母下乡”的成功实践

市场竞争,营销的作用举足轻重。正因此,各种营销新理论、新实践层出不穷,许多企业因而脱颖而出,然而也有不少“邯郸学步”、“东施效颦”者。如何因企制宜、在营销方式上创新?湖北安琪酵母股份有限公司给了我们一个很好的回答:结合企业的实际,走自己的营销之路,哪怕是最原始甚至看似很笨拙的路,一样是通向成功的路。     

市场营销的新思路

市场竞争就是竞争顾客,争取和保持顾客是企业生存和发展的基础。企业既要不断争取新顾客,提高市场占有率,又要保持现有顾客,稳定市场占有率。然而,在企业的实际经营运作中,往往一方面新顾客跚跚而来,另一方面现有顾客悄悄而去。这就是西方营销界所称的“漏桶”现象。据统计,企业每年要流失10%～30%的顾客,平均每5年要流失一半的顾客。企业要防止顾客流失,堵住“漏桶”,培养顾客的长期忠诚,就必须提高和实现高度的顾客满意。一、顾客满意的涵义及其重要性顾客满意就是指顾客将一种产品或服务的可感知效果(或结果)与他们的期望值相比较后,所形…     

Eventalizing the marketing concept

This paper “eventalizes” the marketing concept and in doing so will highlight the value of detailed cross-source analysis in historical research. But more than this, it will not simply call upon canonical sources in relation to debates surrounding the marketing concept for the reason that non-canonical sources – that is, periodical material or out-of-print texts that very few people have read or have acknowledged as central contributions to the field – may contain references to debates that have long been written out of the historical record and could encourage us, as marketing scholars, to adopt a more sceptical stance toward what we take for granted historically and neglect to subject to critical scrutiny. This argument is illustrated via the demonstration that marketing scholars and practitioners were well aware of the benefits that accrue from a customer orientation and were encouraged to orient their organisations in this manner by the growth in industrial production facilities stimulated by World War I. This growth meant that production output could be maintained at levels far in excess of consumer demand, thereby necessitating that organisations register and act upon consumer requirements. These themes continue to gain prominence until World War II when there was a brief return to a production orientation. At this point, business and marketing practitioners adopted a critical stance with regard to certain types of consumer research. There are multiple reasons for this. Firstly, the U.S. government became the major purchaser of industrial and consumer goods. Secondly, business practitioners were sceptical of the value of market and consumer research as a result of the failure by pollsters (who were utilising sophisticated statistical techniques) to predict the outcome of the 1948 U.S. Presidential election. Given the conflation of market research with polling research in the popular press and business community, business practitioners were unsure about the validity and usefulness of market research. In equal measure, environmental factors including rising levels of competition, employee specialisation, product diversification and organisational decentralisation would contribute to the (re)emergence of themes associated with the marketing concept.     

Interactive integrated marketing communication: combining the power of IMC,the new media and database marketing

The interactivity of the new electronic media requires that a database-driven segmentation approach to communication strategy be employed to take advantage of its uniqueness. To accomplish this, firms must develop ways of collecting information at the individual level by traditional and/or electronic means, and of using that data to create informationintensive customer communication strategies. These strategies should then employ the new media to generate interaction with customers. We term this approach ‘Interactive IMC’. In this article we propose and illustrate an interactive IMC process model.