产业集群创新演化研究——基于演化经济学的视角

文章从演化经济学的视角思考产业集群创新演化的内在机理,将企业能力理论、创新动力机制理论和区域创新系统理论有机地应用于分析产业集群的创新演化中.从三个维度综合分析产业集群创新演化的逻辑:从微观维度的企业能力理论研究产业集群内企业创新演化的能力,从中观维度研究集群内企业间互动的创新动力机制.从宏观维度研究促进产业集群创新演化的公共政策和社会资本.     

简论我国地方企业集群的研究意义

全球经济中,国家竞争优势不能只依靠国内的全球性企业,更重要的是那些扎根于国土上的企业集群。如何提高地方企业集群内部的学习能力和创新能力,促进企业集群的生产系统与知识系统的有机结合,加强企业集群内部的企业分工与合作,以及如何寻找发展内力和整合外部信息的接合方式,成为区域应对全球化挑战的关键问题。这个当今公共政策的重要课题需要多学科跨领域地商讨解决,急需经济地理学者的积极参与。本文简明扼要地论述了在我国研究地方企业集群的意义。     

基于资源观的技术集群与产业集群差异研究

在我国,各级政府为发展集群经济,着力制订了各自的政策和规划;然而很多政府部门都对集群的具体含义以及如何发展集群缺乏清晰认识.本文通过对几种集群概念的梳理,分析了多数集群经济活动形式的主要差异,进而从资源观的视角区分了两类集群:即技术集群和产业集群.对技术集群和产业集群的区分,不仅对区域内的企业有意义,而且对于区域的经济主管部门以及公共政策制定者也具有重要的意义.     

国外产业集群研究走势

从19世纪末马歇尔研究产业区,到1970年代末别卡提尼研究新产业区,至1990年波特正式提出产业集群,国外产业集聚研究跨入新的研究阶段。波特产业集群的观点,已经成为企业和政府思考经济、评估地区的竞争优势和制定公共政策的一种新方式。同时,国外初步形成新产业区学派、区域创新网络学派、新经济地理学派及战略管理学派等四大流派和四种分析模型。研究走势表明,产业集群理论已经引起发达国家高度重视,集群效应全球化更加明显;产业集群良好的发展机制成为其进一步发展的强大动力;产业集群已经成为一种充满活力的区域发展模式。     

地方政府公共政策创新在提升区域竞争力中的作用

地方政府的政策创新对于提升区域竞争力有重要意义,地方政府公共政策不仅可以推动产业集群、促进区域创新,还可以为区域发展提供良好的政策环境。     

地方政府主导型产业集群的公共政策分析

当前在发展中国家普遍存在大力发展产业集群的战略,但是产业集群是否能够凭借地方政府的力量主导成功呢?文章以基于地方政府主导型产业集群为目标,详细分析产业集群发展中的公共政策问题,通过规范分析得出地方政府促进产业集群的公共政策理论模式,认为基于地方政府主导的"自上而下"的政策是可以成功培育、并促进产业集群产生和发展,但是产业集群产生、发展的复杂性要求地方政府合理评估公共政策,把政府的损失成本最小化。     

企业集群可持续发展能力研究

企业集群是许多地区经济发展的主要模式,在地方公共政策制定中,企业集群战略发挥着越来越重要的作用.然而,并不是所有的企业集群都是持续有效的,由于种种原因一些企业集群面临破裂瓦解的困境.如何识别和培育集群竞争优势,保持可持续发展是一个亟待解决的问题,也是一个值得研究的课题.本文从宏观、中观和微观三个角度对企业集群可持续发展影响因素进行分析,建立了企业集群可持续发展能力评价模型,通过实证分析,指出影响企业集群可持续发展的关键因素为集群的吸引力、影响力、辐射力、整合力、开放度和创新力,并对各影响因素进行了定量分析和评价.     

动态外部性、产业集群与经济增长

由马歇尔外部经济概念扩展而来的动态外部性,能够整合经济增长的时间、空间维度和产业集群路径,是解释区域经济增长的合适工具。作为一种产业组织形式,产业集群是动态外部性在一定空间范围作用过程的结果。产业集群型经济增长过程中,企业家争胜竞争是最为关键的因素和力量。政府在实施产业集群公共政策时,必须尊重产业集群过程的自发力量和内在规律。     

企业集群的竞争优势探究

企业集群强劲的竞争优势，引起了国内外经济学，管理学界的高度重视，集群战略已成为区域经济发展的重要内容。本首先简介企业集群现象，概括集群的竞争优势来源于：生产成本优势，区域营销优势，国内以及国际市场竞争四个要素，然后就这四个方面作具体分析，旨在揭示企业集群竞争优势的内在机制。     

产业集群中知识溢出与区域竞争力提升研究

在知识经济时代,产业集群内知识溢出成为区域经济增长的主要内生变量,发挥着重要的作用,区域的竞争力也日益表现为对知识占有和利用之间的较量,研发创新、知识吸收与创新成为经济发展的内在动力源泉。本文分析了集群内知识溢出主要通过集群内企业间人员流动、集群内企业间观察模仿、集群内企业非正式交流及集群内企业衍生等途径来实现。探讨了集群内知识溢出和技术创新与区域竞争力的相互作用关系。提出了集群内知识溢出有利于集群企业的技术创新能力提升集群的知识积累水平,激活创新活力,增强区域的整体创新功能、有利于集群内企业降低创新成本与风险提升区域创新效率、有利于集群企业的人力资源的流动提升区域竞争力,从而形成集群区域独特的竞争优势。     

产业集群竞争优势及其政策选择--结构与效能的分析框架

产业集群作为一种新的竞争单元，其优势越来越被理论界和各级政府部门所认可。产业集群已成为地区经济发展和区域核心竞争力提升的理想模式。正是由于产业群这种区域经济发展模式本质上具有竞争优势，我国应把它提升到战略高度加以重视和推广，其政策选择应该是把公共政策的重点转向促进地方产业群的培育发展和升级上。     

Innovation, embeddedness and policy: evidence from life sciences in three UK regions

This paper draws upon a survey of the life science and biotechnology regions of Oxford, Central Scotland and South West England to examine the innovation and embeddedness traits of the regions. The insights into the compositional weaknesses and strengths of the regions suggest opportunities and threats for the future development of the UK's life sciences and biotechnology. The discussion moves forward debates on biotechnology, regional innovation, regional economic development and policy by posing research questions relating to the gap of knowledge of two under-researched regions, the need for a differentiated view of regions and a public policy approach tailored towards them, as well as the prospects of 'engineering' high-tech regions. Some of the highlighted policy challenges are common to the three regions, while others are region-specific and reflect the variations of regional make-up and stage of development.     

Biotechnology Development in Spain: A Change of Paradigm?

This article presents a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the Spanish biotechnology sector, including its scientific, business, policy and social aspects. The study differentiates two sub-sectors, considered to be the most representative: Biopharma and Agro-food. The results show that biotechnology development in Spain has entered a new phase. Traditionally, research and development in Spain followed an unstructured path built around regional spaces and driven by factors and influences external to Spain. However, the emergence of a fast-growing sector of spin-off companies from the public research system, specifically in the Biopharma sector, points to a change of model of development of the industry, on the national as well as the regional level. The data also show the key role which public policy plays in creating a suitable framework for innovation and point to the need of analyzing the influence of social and cultural factors on the development of the biotechnology sector.     

Biotechnology Development in Spain: A Change of Paradigm?

This article presents a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the Spanish biotechnology sector, including its scientific, business, policy and social aspects. The study differentiates two sub-sectors, considered to be the most representative: Biopharma and Agro-food. The results show that biotechnology development in Spain has entered a new phase. Traditionally, research and development in Spain followed an unstructured path built around regional spaces and driven by factors and influences external to Spain. However, the emergence of a fast-growing sector of spin-off companies from the public research system, specifically in the Biopharma sector, points to a change of model of development of the industry, on the national as well as the regional level. The data also show the key role which public policy plays in creating a suitable framework for innovation and point to the need of analyzing the influence of social and cultural factors on the development of the biotechnology sector.     

The role of Provincial Government Spending Composition in growth and convergence in China

China’s development policy since 1978 has differed across regions. With rapid aggregate growth has come widening regional inequality. The fiscal decentralisation reforms in 1994 shifted political pressure onto provincial officials to boost local growth through local public investments. These investments affect regional convergence by counteracting regulatory frictions in factor accumulation, and can also determine steady-state growth. However, the effect of public spending allocations across physical and human capital on growth and convergence processes is empirically unexplored for Chinese provinces. We take provincial time-series data on public spending by category, finding local public spending and its components augment convergence rates differently across regions. Spending on education and health contributes significantly more to growth and convergence than capital spending, confirming that the public capital-spending bias is not a local growth-optimising strategy. We suggest a policy of aligning local government promotion incentives to human capital targets to correct local resource misallocation.     

Innovation,embeddedness and policy: evidence from life sciences in three UK regions

This paper draws upon a survey of the life science and biotechnology regions of Oxford, Central Scotland and South West England to examine the innovation and embeddedness traits of the regions. The insights into the compositional weaknesses and strengths of the regions suggest opportunities and threats for the future development of the UK's life sciences and biotechnology. The discussion moves forward debates on biotechnology, regional innovation, regional economic development and policy by posing research questions relating to the gap of knowledge of two under-researched regions, the need for a differentiated view of regions and a public policy approach tailored towards them, as well as the prospects of ‘engineering’ high-tech regions. Some of the highlighted policy challenges are common to the three regions, while others are region-specific and reflect the variations of regional make-up and stage of development.     

高新区"二次创业"发展战略与政策建议

对我国高新区“二次创业”发展战略进行分析,提出“政区合一”、区域创新与产业集聚等发展战略,并提出相应的发展政策建议,为我国高新区“二次创业”提供指导和借鉴.     

基于耗散结构理论的集群创新系统形成及演化分析

集群创新系统具有自组织的特性,并在演变的过程中耗散结构形成,接着从熵变的角度进行研究,通过建立集群创新系统的熵变模型,试图说明集群创新系统演变的路径和内在机理。随着创新产出量的变化,集群创新系统表现出明显的演化过程,通过有效控制创新产出量,可以从宏观上把握集群创新系统的演化方向。     

西部地区集聚效应计量研究

集聚效应的存在与否和大小是影响区域经济发展的重要因素.本文通过一组描述性指标反映了东西部区域集聚效应的相对大小,同时使用Carlino模型、Segal扩展模型对东西部城域集聚效应大小进行了测度,计量结果表明不管是整个区域还是单个城市,西部集聚效应均小于东部,并在此基础上得出一些对西部开发较有针对性的政策启示.