某水利工程溢洪道挑坎结构的模态分析

本文采用大型有限元软件建立了某水电站洞式溢洪道挑坎的数值模型,进行了阵型分解反应谱法的模态分析,确定了该结构的前6阶自振频率和阵型。从模态分析的结果可知,该结构的各阶频率分布比较合理,阵型变化平滑连续、无突变,说明结构设计十分合理。本文结果能够为结构的动力响应分析的前提和依据。     

我国居民收入不平等的测算与分析

文章以我国居民个人收入为研究对象,测算了三种收入不平等指数,并按收入来源法对其进行了分解。研究表明:2009年我国居民收入的不平等程度是比较高的,且基尼系数城镇低于农村;从不平等指数的分解结果来看,工资收入扩大了总收入的不平等;退休金收入减小了居民收入不平等。     

物流企业顾客满意度指数测评

本文根据美国顾客满意度指数模型（ACSI）,在对物流业和物流服务的特征进行分析的基础上,建立起了物流企业顾客满意度指数测评指标体系.并采用偏最小二乘法（PLS）对模型进行参数估计,构筑物流企业顾客满意度指数测评模型,实现了对物流企业顾客满意度指数测评的研究.     

股指期货的最优套期保值率实证研究——基于沪深300指数期货仿真交易视角

在分析和比较常用的几种股指期货最优套期保值比率确定模型的基础上,基于风险最小化模型框架,利用沪深300指数期货合约模拟运行以来的样本数据,通过最小二乘回归模型、向量自回归模型、误差修正模型以及广义自回归条件异方差模型四种估计方法,对其最优套期保值比率进行了实证测算和绩效比较,提出了相应的政策建议和投资策略。     

一种连锁加权指标的生产力增长测算模型

本文在生产力增长的福利理论基础上，详细分析了William D．Nordhaus的基于福利经济学的生产力水平测量模型和多部门总生产力增长的分解模型，并通过模型在美国的实际应用和比较，讨论了实践中应用理想的福利理论性测量指标的合适途径。同时，文章通过该模型对中国多部门生产力水平的测算，证明了测量生产力增长的方法所使用的连锁加权指标是一种较理想的指标，而基于连锁加权指标的生产力增长的分解模型及其测算方法也是一种较有效的方法。     

基于PLS路径模型的中国省域研究生教育竞争力综合评价研究

本文通过构建研究生教育竞争力指标体系与综合评价模型,采用偏最小二乘法结构方程模型(PLS)对2011年我国31个省域研究生教育竞争力进行了实证考察与评估。     

中美大豆产业生产效率的比较研究

本文利用2001~2012年中美两国大豆产业投入产出的面板数据,采用基于数据包络分析法的DEA- Malmquist指数模型,通过对中美两国大豆产业的Malmquist生产率指数进行测算与分解,对中美两国大豆产业的生产效率进行对比分析.比较分析结果表明,技术进步对提高中美两国大豆产业生产效率均产生显著影响.在此基础上,提出提高中国大豆产业生产效率的有效路径与政策.     

城市地价指数及其近似测算

本文论述城市地价指数的重要性，提出近似测算地价指数的方法，给出了测算实例，并对测算结构进行了误差分析和比较分析。     

改善资本配置效率的Malmquist指数分解方法

传统的Malmquist指数分解方式,主要针对技术效率变化,很难准确测算由资本配置所带来的经济效益.本文将Malmquist指数分解为资本生产效率变化及其他投入要素效率变化的乘积,使决定经济增长率的关键性因素之一--资本生产效率可以单独测算.该方法沿袭了非参数Malmquist指数方法多输入多输出、客观性、可准确测算等优点,将实证分析与以往研究成果比较,证明本方法在研究资本生产效率,改善资本配置效率方面存在其合理性.     

区域人口结构对我国经济增长的影响研究——基于2002～2018年区域面板数据的实证检验

以因子分析法为基础,将我国人口结构分解为自然结构、经济结构、教育结构和空间结构四个维度,发现我国人口结构存在显著区域性差异,但这种分布格局并不稳定.经济发达地区在经济结构、空间结构上优势明显,而欠发达地区则在自然结构维度上优势明显.构建动态面板模型,采用GMM估计方法对区域人口结构特征与我国经济增长的关系进行实证分析,研究发现:区域人口经济结构、空间结构优化水平对经济增长的影响最为明显;区域人口教育结构对经济增长的影响不仅显著,且对产业发展影响最全面;人口结构对区域经济的影响特征与区域经济发达程度差异所导致的人口结构分布差异基本吻合.基于此,各区域应根据自身情况,有侧重地优化区域人口结构的不同维度,以促进区域经济均衡发展.     

企业投资效率演进与中国总产出波动

本文将企业投资效率的变动过程引入包含名义和实际刚性等多种结构特征的新凯恩斯主义宏观模型,并用贝叶斯极大似然方法估计了模型的结构参数。边际数据密度比较结果显示,刚性价格-工资模型能够较好的解释实际数据。同时,我们还就企业投资效率冲击对实际总产出波动的解释力和历史贡献进行了评估,波动性分解的结果说明投资效率冲击对产出波动具有30%以上的解释力,是所有冲击中贡献最大的。历史分解和反事实模拟的结果显示投资效率是动态演化的,在本届政府的两个任期内,投资效率呈现总体改善趋势,相对于十五计划时期,十一五计划时期的投资效率更稳定、效率水平也更高。投资效率改善对2006年后产出增长有显著拉动作用,需要强调的是,如果没有投资效率改善所形成的产出拉动,2008年金融危机所导致的经济衰退要比实际情形严重很多倍。     

Structural information in recursive VAR orderings

This paper investigates structural models that will permit a Cholesky decomposition of the covariance matrix of VAR residuals to identify some structural impulse response functions. Cholesky decompositions are found to be useful identification tools for the set of partially recursive structural models. A partially recursive structure is defined as any block recursive system where the equations in one block can be recursively ordered and where the structural shocks are uncorrelated. Using this class of models, we derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the moving average representation from a Cholesky decomposition to identify structure. The paper concludes by discussing implications of these results for empirical research.     

STRUCTURAL DECOMPOSITION ANALYSIS APPLIED TO ENERGY AND EMISSIONS: AGGREGATION ISSUES

With the introduction of the environmentally extended input–output (I–O) framework, traditional economic I–O modeling and analysis can be conveniently adopted in energy and emission studies. Based on such an extended framework, many empirical studies investigating the driving forces of energy consumption and emission changes using structural decomposition analysis have been reported. Three aggregation issues are inherent in such decomposition studies, namely sector aggregation, spatial aggregation and temporal aggregation. This study, as an extension of our previous work on the first two issues, focuses on the third or temporal aggregation. An empirical study using the emission data of China from 1997 to 2007 is presented to illustrate the problems involved. How to deal with temporal aggregation and its possible interactions with the other two aggregations is also discussed.     

Integrating decomposition approaches for the analysis of temporal changes in economic structure: an application to Chicago's economy from 1980 to 2000

This paper presents an attempt to integrate two flow decomposition methods to analyse temporal changes in a region's economic structure. The two methods of structural analysis are push–pull decomposition analysis and structural Q-analysis. Push–pull analysis presents a quasi-optimization decomposition of a set of matrices with actual intersectoral economic flows into a weighted set of matrices, while structural Q-analysis provides a form in which the structure of these decomposed flows can be considered. The paper provides an expository application to Chicago's economic structure over the period of 1980 to 2000, to reveal a complementary perspective of hollowing-out the production process in the Chicago economy that was identified in previous studies.     

Structural Decomposition Techniques: Sense and Sensitivity

Structural decomposition techniques are widely used to break down the growth in some variable into the changes in its determinants. In this paper, we discuss the problems caused by the existence of a multitude of equivalent decomposition forms which are used to measure the contribution of a specific determinant. Although it is well known that structural decompositions are not unique, the extent of the problem and its consequences seem to have been largely neglected. In an empirical analysis for The Netherlands between 1986 and 1992, results are calculated for 24 equivalent decomposition forms. The outcomes exhibit a large degree of variability across the different forms. We also examine the two approaches that have been used predominantly in the literature. The average of the two so-called polar decompositions appears to be remarkably close to the average of the full set of 24 decompositions. The approximate decomposition with mid-point weights appears to be almost exact. Although this last alternative might seem a solution to the problem of the marked sensitivity, in fact, it only conceals the problem.     

A Spatial Structural Decomposition Analysis of Chinese and Japanese Energy Demand: 1985–1990

This paper proposes a spatial structural decomposition analysis to measure the effects of the changes in intra- and inter-country linkages on the embodied energy demand in the concerned country. For the empirical analysis, we have used the China- Japan inter-country input–output tables for 1985 and 1990, expressed in constant prices of 1990. The empirical results reveal that (1) at least for the period between 1985 and 1990, the effects of the non-competitive input structural changes in China on the primary energy requirements of Japan were negligible, and (2) the contribution of the Japanese final demand shifts on the total change in Chinese primary energy demand was 40 times larger than that of the Chinese final demand shifts on the primary energy requirements of Japan. The Japanese policy makers should concentrate on the energy impacts of the changes in the domestic production structure rather than the changes in the Chinese production structure.     

Two-level national-regional planning and mathematical programming decomposition applied to spatial price equilibrium models2

This paper is concerned with computation strategies related with the quantitative analysis of only a sector of a global economy (e.g. agriculture or energy). Under a ceteris paribus condition on the environment of the sector, and within the hypothetical context of the neoclassical economic theory, it is well known a type of partial equilibrium model that can be cast mathematically into an optimization framework. We attempt here to a typical specification which considers spatially separated markets, that has been called spatial price equilibrium model and that has contained within it many classical transportation problems (one for each commodity). The model is specially suitable for mathematical programming decomposition, resulting regional sybsystems whose coupling variables are the transportation flows. We explore here this structure, discussing two decomposition algorithms with economic interpretations that suggest decentralized procedures for planning. The first—of the price coordination type—is a variant of the Dantzig-Wolfe's principle which is expected to have a low number of cycles of information flow between the master level and the sub-problems (at each cycle it is calculated a series of regional production-consumption responses to alternative prices generated by transhipment problems at the central planning level). The second algorithm specializes the Geoffrion's projection/feasible directions technique, so interpreting the problem solution within the context of a net-output target coordination.     

Structural production layer decomposition: a new method to measure differences between MRIO databases for footprint assessments

Recent empirical assessments revealed that footprint indicators calculated with various multi-regional input–output (MRIO) databases deliver deviating results. In this paper, we propose a new method, called structural production layer decomposition (SPLD), which complements existing structural decomposition approaches. SPLD enables differentiating between effects stemming from specific parts in the technology matrix, e.g. trade blocks vs. domestic blocks, while still allowing to link the various effects to the total region footprint. Using the carbon footprint of the EU-28 in 2011 as an example, we analyse the differences between EXIOBASE, Eora, GTAP and WIOD. Identical environmental data are used across all MRIO databases. In all model comparisons, variations in domestic blocks have a more significant impact on the carbon footprint than variations in trade blocks. The results provide a wealth of information for MRIO developers and are relevant for policy makers designing climate policy measures targeted to specific stages along product supply chains.     

Algorithms for oligopolistic market equilibrium problems

In this paper we consider a general oligopoly model introduced by Dafermos and Nagurney which subsumes some models treated earlier numerically and give alternative variational inequality formulations of the governing Nash equilibrium defined over Cartesian products of sets. We then exploit these formulations to construct non-linear and linearized serial decomposition schemes by firms and by firm and demand market pairs. We also introduce a new equilibration operator to solve the embedded mathematical programming problems. Our computational experience for randomly generated examples for three classes of general problems suggests strongly that the linearized Gauss-Seidel decomposition method by firms is computationally superior.     

Area Disparities in Britain: Understanding the Contribution of People vs. Place Through Variance Decompositions

This article considers methods for decomposing wage variation into individual and group specific components. We discuss the merits of these methods, which are applicable to variance decomposition problems generally. The relative magnitudes of the measures depend on the underlying variances and covariances, and we discuss how to interpret them, and how they might relate to structural parameters of interest. We show that a clear‐cut division of variation into area and individual components is impossible. An empirical application to the British labour market demonstrates that labour market area effects contribute very little to the overall variation of wages in Britain.