中国货币错配与汇率制度改革

在开放经济和经济全球化的背景下,货币错配是新兴市场国家普遍存在的问题。货币错配的大量积累会对整个经济造成严重的影响。文章探讨了新兴市场国家货币错配形成的国内因素和国外因素,为同样面临着长期货币错配问题的中国提供借鉴,同时探讨中国货币错配问题,最后从汇率制度改革角度提出了相应的政策建议。     

我国货币错配的成因研究

在对货币错配内涵和外延进行明确界定的基础上,分析了我国货币错配形成的特殊原因,并由此提出了我国货币错配防范和控制货币错配的政策建议。     

货币错配:一种新的测度模型

国际上测度货币错配的指标体系经历过几次演变,但均存在重大缺陷。本文提出一种新的测度模型:综合货币错配绝对量指标(ACMAQ),基本解决了这些缺陷,提高了准确性与合理性。运用ACMAQ测算表明,中国目前面临着巨大的净外币资产型的货币错配,已经带来了巨大损失。从国际比较来看,无论是绝对量还是相对量,均在国际上名列前茅。从部门的交叉数据看,主要集中在公共部门与银行部门。     

人民币有效汇率参考一篮子货币:转换带来升值时间窗口

从参考单一美元到参考一篮子货币:游戏规则的可能转换2010年6月人民币汇率形成机制进一步改革的重新启动标志着危机应对期间的特殊汇率政策走向正常化,央行当时的相关公告强调将逐步实现从参考单一美元到参考一篮子货币的转变,这意味着2011年人民币有效汇率可能会逐步转向主要参照经常项目平衡波动,更加关注以一篮子货币为参照系,...     

货币错配风险的管理

<正>自20世纪90年代初以来我国经济内部失衡日渐严重,主要特征就是"高储蓄、高投资、低消费"。按照一国"储蓄-投资=经常账户差额"的会计恒等式,我国经济内部失衡势必导致经济外部失衡,其主要特征就是持续的经常账户顺差和外汇储备的急剧增长。与此同时,由于我国是"非中心货币"国家,持续的经济外部失衡使我国积累了大量以美元计值的外部债权,因此存在比较严重的货币错配。而由于货币错配的存在,使得     

我国货币错配的测算及发展趋势分析

随着经济开放的广度和深度的进一步扩大,货币错配程度也不断累积,其对我国经济金融环境、货币政策的宏观调控都产生一定影响.在这一基础上,着重对我国货币错配的程度进行了测度和分析,并进一步指出了我国货币错配的发展趋势.     

我国货币错配的测算及发展趋势分析

随着经济开放的广度和深度的进一步扩大,货币错配程度也不断累积．其对我国经济金融环境、货币政策的宏观调控都产生一定影响。在这一基础上,着重对我国货币错配的程度进行了测度和分析,并进一步指出了我国货币错配的发展趋势。     

人民币升值、汇率波动与房价调控

本文运用EGARCH模型求出人民币汇率波动的量度,然后在VAR模型的基础上,通过协整分析、Granger因果检验、脉冲响应等方法进行实证检验.研究表明:(1)人民币升值会推动房价上涨;(2)房价上涨会进一步加大人民币升值压力,人民币升值与房价上涨二者之间存在正反馈效应;(3)扩大人民币汇率波动区间会降低房价.在当前扩大人民币汇率波动区间能够在一定程度上避免为保持经济平稳较快发展而产生的对高房价调控的有所顾虑的可能行为,从而有利于加强对高房价的调控.     

对人民币汇率升值压力的思考

无论从国际方面还是从国内方面来看,当前的人民币汇率都存在较大的升值压力。虽然人民币升值能带来某些正面影响,但其负面影响更大。因此,应保持人民币汇率基本稳定,并采取有效的政策措施来化解人民币升值的压力。     

货币替代和反替代对我国汇率影响的实证研究

货币替代和反替代会影响一国汇率政策的有效性和汇率的决定.我国目前货币替代和货币反替代并存,其中货币替代的程度呈现不断下降的趋势,而货币反替代的程度则不断增强.选取2001Q1-2011Q4之间的相关数据为研究样本,通过构建包含货币替代和货币反替代的粘性价格货币模型,实证检验了我国货币替代和货币反替代对人民币汇率的影响程度.结果发现:货币替代和货币反替代都会影响到我国的汇率,进而会降低我国汇率政策的有效性,但货币反替代的影响更加强烈.     

Currency boards, credibility and crises

The paper calls into question the proposition that currency boards are a solution in preventing currency crisis. On the basis of a “second generation” model, it shows that, in the presence of unemployment persistence, a currency board system can become vulnerable to a currency crisis, as well. The model underlies the role played in triggering the crisis both by expectations of exchange rate realignments and by fundamentals. As the persistence of unemployment has a feedback effect on subsequent periods’ expectations, the credibility of a currency board may decrease over time, eventually inducing a self-fulfilling crisis.     

结构变动、要素产出弹性与中国潜在经济增长率

构建了一个结构型时变弹性生产函数,将劳动投入结构、资本投入结构和人力资本结构纳入经济增长分析框架,运用1997-2012的省级面板数据估计了这一时期要素产出弹性的动态特征,并估算出中国潜在经济增长率的变化。研究结果表明：近年来潜在增长率下降,主要由资本存量增速下降所导致,但人力资本结构升级减缓了这一趋势。近10年来实际增长率变化主要是受潜在增长率变化影响,2010年以来的经济增速减缓,是由于潜在增长率下降导致,未来政策重心应当从需求管理过度到供给管理,着力开发经济增长的潜力,保证经济增长的可持续性。     

Currency substitution,risk premia and the Taylor principle

This paper studies the equilibrium determinacy properties of a simple interest rate rule in a small open economy subject to currency substitution (i.e., the use of a foreign currency for domestic transactions) and risk premia on foreign borrowing. It shows that if currencies are substitute in the provision of liquidity services the rule׳s response to inflation has to be sufficiently above unity for the equilibrium to be locally determinate. This reinforced Taylor principle requirement appears to be more binding in economies characterized by a larger elasticity of currency substitution, more debt-elastic country risk premia, and intermediate degrees of dollarization in transactions.     

Bank capital regulation,loan contracts,and corporate investment

This paper studies the link between bank capital regulation, bank loan contracts and the allocation of corporate resources across firms’ different business lines. Credit risk is lower when firms write contracts that oblige them to invest mainly into projects with highly tangible assets. We argue that firms have an incentive to choose a contract with overly safe and thus inefficient investments when intermediation costs are increasing in banks’ capital-to-asset ratio. Imposing minimum capital adequacy for banks can eliminate this incentive by putting a lower bound on financing costs.     

Risk aversion and the elasticity of substitution in general dynamic portfolio theory: Consistent planning by forward looking, expected utility maximizing investors

Using the measure of risk aversion suggested by Kihlstrom and Mirman [Kihlstrom, R., Mirman, L., 1974. Risk aversion with many commodities. Journal of Economic Theory 8, 361–388; Kihlstrom, R., Mirman, L., 1981. Constant, increasing and decreasing risk aversion with many commodities. Review of Economic Studies 48, 271–280], we propose a dynamic consumption-savings–portfolio choice model in which the consumer-investor maximizes the expected value of a non-additively separable utility function of current and future consumption. Preferences for consumption streams are CES and the elasticity of substitution can be chosen independently of the risk aversion measure. The additively separable case is a special case. Because choices are not dynamically consistent, we follow the “consistent planning” approach of Strotz [Strotz, R., 1956. Myopia and inconsistency in dynamic utility maximization. Review of Economic Studies 23, 165–180] and also interpret our analysis from the game theoretic perspective taken by Peleg and Yaari [Peleg, B., Yaari, M., 1973. On the existence of a consistent course of action when tastes are changing. Review of Economic Studies 40, 391–401]. The equilibrium of the Lucas asset pricing model with i.i.d. consumption growth is obtained and the equity premium is shown to depend on the elasticity of substitution as well as the risk aversion measure. The nature of the dependence is examined. Our results are contrasted with those of the non-expected utility recursive approach of Epstein–Zin and Weil.     

对我国潜在产出、结构预算与财政态势的关联性研究

本文基于新凯恩斯型动态模型的状态空间模型对潜在产出进行估计,并利用估计结果计算出政府财政预算中的结构性成分和周期性成分。通过对周期性预算余额和结构性预算余额的分析发现,我国财政自动稳定器功能较弱,财政收入和支出的周期性波动相对较小;周期性预算余额的变化与经济周期波动相吻合;我国1998年以来的财政态势具有明显的反周期特点,其对于拉动经济增长、减少经济波动起到了重要作用。     

市场拥挤、财政支出和税后资本平均产出关系分析

税后资本平均产出的高低对私人部门投资决策产生重要影响,但是我国自1994年分税制改革以来,税后资本平均产出处于不断下降趋势,与此同时,财政支出规模呈不断扩大趋势。本文在财政支出解决市场拥挤框架下分析了财政支出对税后资本平均产出的影响,在理论分析中,说明财政通过增加支出缓解市场拥挤来影响税后资本平均产出,其影响程度由税率、财政支出的产出弹性、市场拥挤程度决定。在实证分析中,计量检验了世界范围内和中国地方政府财政支出对税后资本平均产出的影响,并结合现实对计量结果给予解释。