2010年4月金融形势评述

2010年4月份金融运行继续保持健康平稳的态势,主要特点是：广义货币M2增速继续回落,狭义货币M1增速有所回升;人民币贷款平稳增长,票据融资中止持续下降;企业存款增速小幅回升,储蓄存款同比少增较多;银行间市场交易活跃,市场利率有所回落;人民币汇率运行平稳,月末海外市场对人民币汇率升值预期明显增强。     

2005年7月金融形势评述

7月份金融运行健康平稳，主要特点为：广义货币供应量M2增长平稳，狭义货币供应量M1增幅有所回落；人民币货款增速适中，短期贷款和票据融资增速平稳，中长期贷款增速有所回落；储蓄存款增长较快，当月企业存款同比多下降；货币市场交易活跃，市场利率有所回升；7月21日人民币银行宣布完善人民币汇率形成机制改革后，人民币汇率继续保持稳定。     

2010年8月国内金融形势评述

2010年8月,货币信贷市场平稳运行,金融体系持续稳定健康。主要特点是：广义货币M2增速有所回升,狭义货币M1增速继续回落;人民币贷款投放平稳,中长期贷款少增较多;企业存款和储蓄存款多增较多;银行间市场交易活跃,市场利率继续有所回落;人民币汇率弹性有所增强,海外市场对人民币升值预期稳定。     

2009年2月份金融形势评述

2009年2月,金融运行总体平稳,主要特点是：广义货币M2继续增长,狭义货币M1增速回升,现金投放正常;贷款合理增长;存款增长稳定,企业存款继续回升;银行间市场人民币交易活跃,市场利率平稳;人民币汇率稳定,海外市场对人民币汇率贬值预期减弱。     

2013年8腘内金融形势评述

2013年8月国内金融运行的主要特点是：广义货币和狭义货币增速连续两个月回升;社会融资规模由连续四个月环比回落转为大幅回升;人民币贷款投放平稳,中长期贷款增速继续回升;企业存款增速明显回升,居民储蓄存款回流;银行间市场成交活跃度有所回升,市场利率环比继续回落;与上月末比,人民币汇率升值0．13％,海外市场对人民币汇率的贬值预期继续有所降低。     

2010年2月金融形势评述

2月金融运行的主要特点是：广义货币M2和狭义货币M1增速双双回落;当月人民币贷款新增额继续同比少增,中长期贷款继续增加较多;企业存款增速高位回落,资金较充裕,居民储蓄存款增速明显上升;银行间市场人民币交易平稳,市场利率有所上升;人民币汇率运行平稳,海外市场对人民币汇率的升值预期有所减弱。     

2013年国内金融形势评述

2013年国内金融运行的主要特点是：广义货币M2平稳增长,狭义货币M1增速明显回升;社会融资规模保持适度,融资结构多元发展;全年人民币贷款接近9万亿元,中长期贷款增加较多;企业存款资金较为充足,居民储蓄意愿有所降低;银行间人民币市场成交额低于上年,市场流动性总体保持充裕;与上年末比,年末人民币汇率升值3．09％,海外市场对人民币汇率贬值预期有所下降。     

2014年5月国内金融形势评述

2014年5月国内金融运行的主要特点是：广义货币M2增速连续回升,狭义货币增速维持低位;人民币贷款和债券融资较为活跃,拉动社会融资规模明显高于去年同期;人民币贷款投放显著增加,中长期贷款增长继续加快;企业存款增速低位小幅回升,居民储蓄存款增速继续减缓;银行间市场交易活跃度明显上升,市场利率有所回落;与上月末比,人民币汇率贬值0．2％,海外市场对人民币汇率的贬值预期有所下降。     

2010年5月金融形势评述

2010年5月份金融运行总体平稳,主要特点是：（1）广义货币M2和狭义货币M1增速均比上月有所回落;（2）人民币贷款平稳增长,票据融资连续两个月净增加;（3）非金融企业存款增速有所下降,储蓄存款同比少增较多;（4）银行间市场交易活跃,市场利率有所上升;（5）人民币汇率保持平稳,海外市场对人民币汇率升值预期明显减弱。     

2014年4月国内金融形势评述

2014年4月国内金融运行的主要特点是：广义货币M2增速环比小幅回升,狭义货币增速维持低位;社会融资规模明显低于同期,表外融资显著收缩;人民币贷款投放平稳,中长期贷款增长继续加快;企业存款增长持续放缓,居民储蓄存款大量分流;银行间市场成交额环比小幅增加,市场利率有所上升;与上月末比,人民币汇率贬值0．1％,海外市场对人民币汇率的贬值预期继续增强。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:1 Submissions must be original     

International harmonization of Japanese accounting standards

Historically, Japanese accounting standards have been quite distinct from International Accounting Standards (IASs) which have been perceived as being modelled on British-American accounting standards. However, in the 1990s, after the publication of E32 in 1989 and the IASC-IOSCO Agreement in 1995, the Business Accounting Deliberation Committee (BADC), the standards-setting body in Japan, has pursued a policy of harmonization with IASs. Accounting standards relating to consolidated financial statements of companies that make cross-border offerings of securities or operate worldwide are being revised drastically. This paper focuses on the development of international accounting harmonization and its impact on Japan.     

Commodity financialization and sector ETFs: Evidence from crude oil futures

We investigate the diversification benefits of energy assets in the setting of commodity financialization using data on crude oil futures and Sector ETFs (SPDRs). Correlations between commodities and financial assets increased during the post-Commodity Futures Modernization Act (CFMA)/commodity bull cycle period, resulting in lower benefits of diversification. However, we find that conditional correlations between crude oil futures and sector ETFs meaningfully increased only since the 2008–09 financial crisis. The results therefore suggest that the financial crisis, rather than CFMA regulation, explains changes in the diversification benefits of commodities. Moreover, we find that oil futures returns are less correlated with SPDRs than with the S&P index. Thus, energy futures, and crude oil in particular, offer the potential for diversification benefits in sector-style investing.     

Dutch accounting in Japan 1609-1850: isolation or observation?

The trading station or factory maintained by the Dutch East India Company (VOC) was Japan's sole window on the Western world during most of the Tokugawa period (1600-1868). While many aspects of the factory's role in Dutch/Japanese cultural exchange have been researched little is known in the West of the accounting at the factory. This paper considers the possibility that double-entry bookkeeping employed by the Dutch may have been diffused to the Japanese. The available evidence is synthesized after considering the accounting system in the Dutch factory.